Django Rest Framework - 异常 、返回值处理 与 分页实现

一. 异常

在使用Django Rest Framework的时候,如果发生异常的话,往往如下面所示:

{"detail": "Not allowed."}

但是后台往往想要的是常见的模式:

{
    "desc":"Not allowed.",
    "code":400,
    "data":null
    }

官网文档 还是很清楚的,我们需要自定义 异常处理,然后配置就可以了,比如:

1. 实现

from rest_framework.views import exception_handler


def custom_exception_handler(exc, context):
    # Call REST framework's default exception handler first,
    # to get the standard error response.
    response = exception_handler(exc, context)

    # Now add the HTTP status code to the response.
    if response is not None:
        response.data['code'] = response.status_code
        response.data['desc'] = response.data['detail']
        #response.data['data'] = None #可以存在
        del response.data['detail'] #删除detail字段

    return response

2. 配置

settings.py 中配置

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
     ...
     ...
    'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': (
        'dataAPI.common.api_exception.custom_exception_handler'
    )
     #'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'my_project.my_app.utils.custom_exception_handler'
}

二. 返回值

如异常所示,我们常常的返回值也是同样的类型 ,比如下面所示,基本数据格式和分页格式(后面说)

{
    "desc":"page success", #描述信息
    "code":200, #响应码 以 2开头就是成功
    "data":{
        "detail":Array[2], #当前页数据列表
        "total":6, #页面总数
        "page":2 #当前页面
    }
}

而我们使用Django Rest Framework 中 序列化的时候,直接就返回数据了,并不符合我们想要的数据,所以通过自定Response 进行数据返回 : 比如: 当然前提使用 APIView

from django.utils import six
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.serializers import Serializer


class JsonResponse(Response):
    """
    An HttpResponse that allows its data to be rendered into
    arbitrary media types.
    """

    def __init__(self, data=None, code=None, desc=None,
                 status=None,
                 template_name=None, headers=None,
                 exception=False, content_type=None):
        """
        Alters the init arguments slightly.
        For example, drop 'template_name', and instead use 'data'.
        Setting 'renderer' and 'media_type' will typically be deferred,
        For example being set automatically by the `APIView`.
        """
        super(Response, self).__init__(None, status=status)

        if isinstance(data, Serializer):
            msg = (
                'You passed a Serializer instance as data, but '
                'probably meant to pass serialized `.data` or '
                '`.error`. representation.'
            )
            raise AssertionError(msg)

        self.data = {"code": code, "desc": desc, "data": data}
        self.template_name = template_name
        self.exception = exception
        self.content_type = content_type

        if headers:
            for name, value in six.iteritems(headers):
                self[name] = value

Example :

def get(self, request, house_pk):
        house = get_object_or_404(House, pk=house_pk) #获取数据
        data = HouseSerializer(house) #序列化
        return api_response.JsonResponse(data=data.data, code=status.HTTP_200_OK, desc='get house success') #使用上面的进行返回

结果:

success : 成功使用的是 JsonResponse 返回

{
  "desc": "get house success",
  "code": 200,
  "data": {
        "pk": 7,
        "name": "VVVVVVV",
        "staff": {
          "phone": "xxxxxxxxxx",
          "username": "yuan"
        }
   }   
}

fail : 失败使用的是上面异常进行处理 : custom_exception_handler

{
  "code": 404,
  "desc": "未找到。"
}

三.分页实现

如 结果返回值所示,很多使用都需要实现分页功能,然而 Django Rest Framework 自带的分页功能,只能在 mixins.ListModelMixin and generics.GenericAPIView classes 继承这两个类才可以使用,而我们通常为了灵活性,往往会继承APIView 来实现,那么我们就需要自已使用分页功能。

数据基本格式:

{
    "desc":"page success", #描述信息
    "code":200, #响应码 以 2开头就是成功
    "data":{
        "detail":Array[2], #当前页数据列表
        "total":6, #页面总数
        "page":2 #当前页面
    }
}

这里我就使用在api 接口上,比如我的 (自已可以添加其他验证,比如page_size 最大是多少):

from django.core.paginator import Paginator, PageNotAnInteger, EmptyPage
from rest_framework import status

from dataAPI.common import api_response #第二条中的返回值格式 JsonResponse


def api_paging(objs, request, Serializer):
    """
    objs : 实体对象
    request : 请求对象
    Serializer : 对应实体对象的序列化
    """
    try:
        page_size = int(request.GET.get('page_size', 2))
        page = int(request.GET.get('page', 1))
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return api_response.JsonResponse(code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST, desc='page and page_size must be integer!')

    paginator = Paginator(objs, page_size) # paginator对象
    total = paginator.num_pages #总页数
    try:
        objs = paginator.page(page)
    except PageNotAnInteger:
        objs = paginator.page(1)
    except EmptyPage:
        objs = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)

    serializer = Serializer(objs, many=True) #序列化操作

    return api_response.JsonResponse(data={
        'detail': serializer.data,
        'page': page,
        'total': total
    }, code=status.HTTP_200_OK, desc='page success') #返回

Example :

def get(self, request, format=None):
        """
          page_size : ?page=1&page_size=10
          page :
        """
        farms = self.get_object_list() #获取数据
        return api_paginator.api_paging(farms, request, FarmSerializer) #分页处理,并返回

结果:

{
  "desc": "page success",
  "code": 200,
  "data": {
    "detail": [
      {
        "name": "V3",
      },
      {
        "name": "V2",
      }
    ],
    "total": 6, #总页数
    "page": 2 #当前页
  }
}

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