PHPUnit实践二（生命周期）

本系列教程所有的PHPUnit测试基于PHPUnit6.5.9版本，Lumen 5.5框架

PHPUnit测试一个文件类的生命周期

理解PHPUnit加载机制（Lumen版）

1. PHPUnit自动测试文件会自动加载引入（include file）
2. PHPUnit去启动setUp方法，Lumen里重写了setUp，加载了bootstrap/app.php
3. app.php加载了composer的autoload，借此你项目所有自动加载环境都有了，不过不包含tests目录

至此我们引入了我们需要构建自己的自动加载类

增加tests的自动加载

我们需要给tests下的测试用例创建类似下面的结构

├── BaseCase.php 重写过Lumen基类的测试基类，用于我们用这个基类做测试基类，后续会说明
├── bootstrap.php tests自动加载文件
├── Cases 测试用例目录
│   └── Demo 测试模块
│       ├── logs 日志输出目录
│       ├── PipeTest.php PHPUnit流程测试用例
│       ├── phpunit.xml phpunit配置文件xml
│       └── README.md 本模块测试用例说明
├── ExampleTest.php 最原始测试demo
└── TestCase.php Lumen自带的测试基类

tests自动加载文件代码

phpunit.xml

自动加载配置bootstrap文件

流程测试代码

TestCase.php

# 代码头部添加 命令空间Test
namespace Test;

PipeTest 流程代码

assertTrue(true);
    }

    public function testTwo()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "\n");
        // 两个交换下顺序可以看下效果
        // 正常执行成功assert可以继续执行，失败的会跳出方法
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('d', ['d'=>1, 'e'=>2]);
        $this->assertTrue(false);
    }

    public function testThree()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "\n");
        $this->assertTrue(false);
    }

    public function testFour()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "\n");
    }

    /**
     * 测试方法成功后的后置执行，tearDown之前
     */
    protected function assertPostConditions()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "\n");
    }

    public function tearDown()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "\n");
    }

    public static function tearDownAfterClass()
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "\n");
    }

    /**
     * 不成功后拦截方法
     * 必须重新抛出错误，如果不抛出错误，断言会当成成功了
     */
    public function onNotSuccessfulTest(\Throwable $e)
    {
        fwrite(STDOUT, __METHOD__ . "\n");
        // 必须重新抛出错误，如果不抛出错误，断言会当成成功了
        throw $e;
    }
}

运行

# 你可以把vendor/bin加入到环境变量PATH
cd tests/Demo
../../../vendor/bin/phpunit

运行输出

PHPUnit 6.5.9 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::setUpBeforeClass
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::setUp
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPreConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testOne
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPostConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::tearDown
.Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::setUp
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPreConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testTwo
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::tearDown
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::onNotSuccessfulTest
FTest\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::setUp
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPreConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testThree
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::tearDown
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::onNotSuccessfulTest
FTest\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::setUp
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPreConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testFour
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPostConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::tearDown
R                                                                4 / 4 (100%)Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::tearDownAfterClass


Time: 1.29 seconds, Memory: 6.00MB

There were 2 failures:

1) Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testTwo
Failed asserting that false is true.

/xxx/tests/Cases/Demo/PipeTest.php:47

2) Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testThree
Failed asserting that false is true.

/xxx/tests/Cases/Demo/PipeTest.php:53

--

There was 1 risky test:

1) Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testFour
This test did not perform any assertions

FAILURES!
Tests: 4, Assertions: 4, Failures: 2, Risky: 1.

Generating code coverage report in HTML format ... done

整理流程输出

Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::setUpBeforeClass
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::setUp
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPreConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testOne
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPostConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::tearDown
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::setUp
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPreConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testTwo
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::tearDown
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::onNotSuccessfulTest
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::setUp
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPreConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testThree
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::tearDown
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::onNotSuccessfulTest
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::setUp
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPreConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::testFour
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::assertPostConditions
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::tearDown
Test\Cases\Demo\PipeTest::tearDownAfterClass

总结

一个测试类文件，从setUpBeforeClass加载，且仅此加载一次
每个测试方法都会走的过程：setUp->assertPreConditions->测试方法->[assert成功执行：assertPostConditions]->tearDown->[assert执行失败：onNotSuccessfulTest，且本方法需要抛出错误]
本个测试类文件执行tearDownAfterClass结束

参考

PHPUnit 6.5 官方文档