除请求对象之外，还有一个 session 对象。它允许你在不同请求间存储特定用户的信息。它是在 Cookies 的基础上实现的，并且对 Cookies 进行密钥签名要使用会话，你需要设置一个密钥。
- 设置：session['username'] ＝ 'xxx'
- 删除：session.pop('username', None)
from flask import Flask,url_for,session
'''
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'''
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = "sdsfdgdgdgd"
app.config['SESSION_COOKIE_NAME'] = 'session_lvning' #设置session的名字
@app.route('/index/')
def index(nid):
#session本质上操作的是字典， 所有对session操作的方法与字典方法相同
#session的原理：如果下一次访问的时候带着随机字符串，会把session里面对应的
# 值拿到内存，假设session保存在数据库，每执行一次链接一次数据库，每次都要时时更新的话，会非常损耗数据库的效率
session["xxx"] = 123
session["xxx2"] = 123
session["xxx3"] = 123
session["xxx4"] = 123
del session["xxx2"] #在这删除了，真正存储的时候是没有xxx2的
return "ddsf"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
关于session的配置
app.config['SESSION_COOKIE_NAME'] = 'session_lvning'
- session超时时间如何设置？ 'PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=31)
以下是跟session相关的配置文件
"""
'SESSION_COOKIE_NAME': 'session',
'SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN': None,
'SESSION_COOKIE_PATH': None,
'SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY': True,
'SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE': False,
'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST': True, #是否每次都跟新
'PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=31)
基本使用
from flask import Flask, session, redirect, url_for, escape, request
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
if 'username' in session:
return 'Logged in as %s' % escape(session['username'])
return 'You are not logged in'
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'POST':
session['username'] = request.form['username']
return redirect(url_for('index'))
return '''
'''
@app.route('/logout')
def logout():
# remove the username from the session if it's there
session.pop('username', None)
return redirect(url_for('index'))
# set the secret key. keep this really secret:
app.secret_key = 'A0Zr98j/3yX R~XHH!jmN]LWX/,?RT'
自定义Session
pip3 install Flask-Session
run.py
from flask import Flask
from flask import session
from pro_flask.utils.session import MySessionInterface
app = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = 'A0Zr98j/3yX R~XHH!jmN]LWX/,?RT'
app.session_interface = MySessionInterface()
@app.route('/login.html', methods=['GET', "POST"])
def login():
print(session)
session['user1'] = 'alex'
session['user2'] = 'alex'
del session['user2']
return "内容"
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
session.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import uuid
import json
from flask.sessions import SessionInterface
from flask.sessions import SessionMixin
from itsdangerous import Signer, BadSignature, want_bytes
class MySession(dict, SessionMixin):
def __init__(self, initial=None, sid=None):
self.sid = sid
self.initial = initial
super(MySession, self).__init__(initial or ())
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
super(MySession, self).__setitem__(key, value)
def __getitem__(self, item):
return super(MySession, self).__getitem__(item)
def __delitem__(self, key):
super(MySession, self).__delitem__(key)
class MySessionInterface(SessionInterface):
session_class = MySession
container = {}
def __init__(self):
import redis
self.redis = redis.Redis()
def _generate_sid(self):
return str(uuid.uuid4())
def _get_signer(self, app):
if not app.secret_key:
return None
return Signer(app.secret_key, salt='flask-session',
key_derivation='hmac')
def open_session(self, app, request):
"""
程序刚启动时执行，需要返回一个session对象
"""
sid = request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name)
if not sid:
sid = self._generate_sid()
return self.session_class(sid=sid)
signer = self._get_signer(app)
try:
sid_as_bytes = signer.unsign(sid)
sid = sid_as_bytes.decode()
except BadSignature:
sid = self._generate_sid()
return self.session_class(sid=sid)
# session保存在redis中
# val = self.redis.get(sid)
# session保存在内存中
val = self.container.get(sid)
if val is not None:
try:
data = json.loads(val)
return self.session_class(data, sid=sid)
except:
return self.session_class(sid=sid)
return self.session_class(sid=sid)
def save_session(self, app, session, response):
"""
程序结束前执行，可以保存session中所有的值
如：
保存到resit
写入到用户cookie
"""
domain = self.get_cookie_domain(app)
path = self.get_cookie_path(app)
httponly = self.get_cookie_httponly(app)
secure = self.get_cookie_secure(app)
expires = self.get_expiration_time(app, session)
val = json.dumps(dict(session))
# session保存在redis中
# self.redis.setex(name=session.sid, value=val, time=app.permanent_session_lifetime)
# session保存在内存中
self.container.setdefault(session.sid, val)
session_id = self._get_signer(app).sign(want_bytes(session.sid))
response.set_cookie(app.session_cookie_name, session_id,
expires=expires, httponly=httponly,
domain=domain, path=path, secure=secure)
第三方session
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
"""
pip3 install redis
pip3 install flask-session
"""
from flask import Flask, session, redirect
from flask.ext.session import Session
app = Flask(__name__)
app.debug = True
app.secret_key = 'asdfasdfasd'
app.config['SESSION_TYPE'] = 'redis'
from redis import Redis
app.config['SESSION_REDIS'] = Redis(host='192.168.0.94',port='6379')
Session(app)
@app.route('/login')
def login():
session['username'] = 'alex'
return redirect('/index')
@app.route('/index')
def index():
name = session['username']
return name
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()