20171212 Elastic Stack

  • 搜索引擎介绍
  • Elasticsearch的使用
  • Logstash的使用
  • Filebeat的使用
  • Kibana的使用
  • Elastic Stack综合应用实例

一、搜索引擎介绍

(一)搜索引擎的主要组成:

  • 索引组件:获取数据-->建立文档-->文档分析-->文档索引(倒排索引)

  • 搜索组件:用户搜索接口-->建立查询(将用户键入的信息转换为可处理的查询对象)-->搜索查询-->展现结果

(二)搜索引擎主流开源软件

  • 索引组件:Lucene, Solr, Elasticsearch
    Lucene:提供构建索引功能的类库
    Solr:在Lucene基础上开发的完整索引组件
    Elasticsearch:分布式索引组件,同样在Lucene基础上开发

  • 搜索组件:Kibana

(三)Elastic Stack的组成

  • Elastic Stack包含一系列工具,目前主要使用:Elasticsearch, Logstash, Beats, Kibana

  • Elasticsearch:Elastic Stack的核心工具,索引组件

  • Logstash:数据的抽取、处理、输出,非常占用资源,目前数据的抽取过程已经被Beats代替

  • Beats:轻量级的数据采集平台,有诸多子工具:Filebeat, Metricbeat, Packetbeat, Winlogbeat, Heartbeat

  • Kibana:搜索组件,提供可视化的界面接收搜索命令并展示搜索结果

二、Elasticsearch的使用

(一)ES的核心组件

  • Elasticsearch集群:通过分片(Shard)机制实现分布式存储

  • 集群状态:
    green:主分片、副本分片都存在
    yellow:分片丢失,但每个分片至少存在一个主分片或副本分片
    red:分片丢失,主分片和副本分片都丢失

  • Lucene的核心组件:
    索引(Index):类比数据库(database)
    类型(Type):类比表(table)
    文档(Document):类比行(row)

  • ElasticSearch 5的程序环境:

    • 配置文件:
      /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml:配置文件
      /etc/elasticsearch/jvm.options:jvm配置文件
      /etc/elasticsearch/log4j2.properties:日志配置文件

    • Unit File:elasticsearch.service

    • 程序文件:
      /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch
      /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-keystore:
      /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-plugin:管理插件程序

    • 搜索服务:9200/tcp

    • 集群服务:9300/tcp

  • els集群的工作逻辑:
    多播、单播:9300/tcp
    关键因素:clustername
    所有节点选举一个主节点,负责管理整个集群的状态(green/yellow/red),以及各shards的分布方式

(二)RESTful API

  • Elasticsearch提供了RESTful的API接口,可以通过http协议与其进行交互

  • 语法:curl -X '://:/?' -d ''

    • :json格式的请求主体
    • :GET(获取),POST(修改),PUT(创建),DELETE(删除)
    • :/index_name/type/Document_ID/
    • 特殊PATH:/_cat, /_search, /_cluster
    • 创建文档:-XPUT -d '{"key1": "value1", "key2": value, ...}'
    • /_search:搜索所有的索引和类型;
    • /INDEX_NAME/_search:搜索指定的单个索引;
    • /INDEX1,INDEX2/_search:搜索指定的多个索引;
    • /s*/_search:搜索所有以s开头的索引;
    • /INDEX_NAME/TYPE_NAME/_search:搜索指定的单个索引的指定类型;
  • 使用举例:

    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/_cluster/health?pretty=true'       
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/_cluster/stats?pretty=true'   
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/_cat/nodes?pretty'
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/_cat/health?pretty'
    

(三)实验一:配置、管理Elasticsearch Cluster

  • 实验环境:
    三台节点:node0.hellopeiyang.com, node1.hellopeiyang.com, node3.hellopeiyang.com

  • 步骤1:准备工作

    ntpdate 172.18.0.1     // 同步时间
    vim /etc/hosts         // 集群必须能够互相解析主机名,本实验采用hosts文件解决
    192.168.136.230 node0 node0.hellopeiyang.com
    192.168.136.130 node1 node1.hellopeiyang.com
    192.168.136.132 node3 node3.hellopeiyang.com
    
  • 步骤2:安装并启动Elasticsearch服务

    yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk
    rpm -ivh elasticsearch-5.5.3.rpm
    mkdir /data/els/{logs,data} -pv
    chown -R  elasticsearch:elasticsearch /data/els/
    vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yaml
    cluster.name: myels     // 集群名,每个节点相同
    node.name: node0        // 节点名,每个节点不同
    path.data: /data/els/data     // 数据存储目录
    path.logs: /data/els/logs     // 日志存储目录
    network.host: 192.168.136.230     // 监听IP
    http.port: 9200                   // 监听端口
    // 每个节点相同,包含所有节点的主机名
    discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node0", "node1", "node2"] 
    // 决定主节点归属所需的最少节点数
    discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2
    
    vim /etc/elasticsearch/jvm.options 
    // elasticsearch占用内存较严重,一般将内存使用调大些
    -Xms1g     // java栈初始化占用内存
    -Xmx1g     // java栈最多占用内存
    
    systemctl start elasticsearch.service
    
  • 步骤3:测试Elasticsearch节点和集群是否正常运行

    // 测试节点是否正常运行
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/'
    // 测试集群是否正常运行
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/_cat/nodes?pretty'
    
    20171212 Elastic Stack_第1张图片
  • 步骤4:添加、删除、查询数据至Elasticsearch集群

    // 在索引books, 类型IT中建立文档1,2和3
    curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/books/IT/1?pretty' -d '{
    "name": "Elasticsearch in Action",
    "date": "Dec 3, 2015",
    "author": "Radu Gheorghe and Matthew Lee Hinman"
    }'
    curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/books/IT/2?pretty' -d '{
    "name": "Redis Essentials",
    "date": "Sep 8, 2015",
    "author": "Maxwell Dayvson Da Silva and Hugo Lopes Tavares"
    }'
    curl -XPUT 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/books/IT/3?pretty' -d '{
    "name": "Puppet 4.10 Beginner's Guide",
    "date": "May 31, 2017",
    "author": "John Arundel"
    }'
    // 删除索引books, 类型IT中的文档3
    curl -XDELETE 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/books/IT/3?pretty'
    // 查询索引books, 类型IT中包含elasticsearch关键词的文档
    curl -XGET 'http://192.168.136.230:9200/books/IT/_search?q=elasticsearch&pretty'
    
    20171212 Elastic Stack_第2张图片
  • 步骤5:安装elasticsearch-head
    elasticsearch-head:elasticsearch的插件,实现通过浏览器管理集群,托管在GitHub上

    yum install git npm -y
    git clone https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head.git
    cd elasticsearch-head/
    npm install
    // 修改节点的elasticsearch服务配置
    vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
    // 添加如下两行,在head中才能成功连接节点
    http.cors.enabled: true
    http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
    systemctl restart elasticsearch.service 
    npm run start &
    

    输入要连接的节点地址(红框中),即可看到节点所处集群的基本情况,每个节点信息中加粗黑框为主分片,非加粗黑框为副本分片

    20171212 Elastic Stack_第3张图片

三、Logstash的使用

(一)Logstash的安装

  • 安装java-jre环境:yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk -y

  • 下载并安装Logstash软件包:rpm -ivh logstash-5.5.3.rpm

  • Logstash的安装路径:
    配置文件目录:/etc/logstash/conf.d/
    可执行程序目录:/usr/share/logstash/bin

(二)配置文件格式

input {         // 设置数据来源,必须设置
...
}
      
filter{         // 设置数据的过滤操作,经常设置
...
}
      
output {     // 设置数据的输出位置,必须设置
...
}

(三)实验二:Logstash的基础使用

  • 实验2-1:从标准输入获取数据,处理后输出至标准输出

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
              stdin {}
    }
    
    output {
              stdout {
                    codec => rubydebug
              }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf     // 检查配置文件语法
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf        // 执行配置文件
    
    20171212 Elastic Stack_第4张图片
  • 实验2-2:从httpd的access日志中获取数据,使用grok插件过滤将每一条日志信息切分,并输出至标准输出

    // 安装、配置httpd服务
    yum install httpd
    echo "hello index file" => /var/www/html/index.html
    echo "hello test file" => /var/www/html/test.html
    systemctl start httpd
    
    // 编辑Logstash配置文件
    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
    }   
    
    output {
            stdout{
                    codec => rubydebug
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
    20171212 Elastic Stack_第5张图片
  • 实验2-3:使用date插件调整时间戳信息格式

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            stdout{
                    codec => rubydebug
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
    20171212 Elastic Stack_第6张图片
  • 实验2-4:使用mutate插件修改Key值,将"agent"改为"user_agent"

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                  rename => {
                          "agent" => "user_agent"
                  }
            }
    }
    
    output {
            stdout{
                    codec => rubydebug
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
    20171212 Elastic Stack_第7张图片
  • 实验2-5:使用geoip插件根据ip地址查询所在位置的经纬度

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                    database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            // GeoLite2-City.mmdb数据库从maxmind官网下载,存储IP与地理信息的映射
            }
    }
    
    output {
            stdout{
                    codec => rubydebug
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
    20171212 Elastic Stack_第8张图片
  • 实验2-6:从redis数据库采集数据

    yum install redis
    vim /etc/redis.conf
    bind 0.0.0.0
    systemctl start redis
    redis-cli
    SET mylog 15.15.15.15
    
    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            redis {
                    host => "192.168.136.230"
                    port => "6379"
                    key => "mylog"
                    data_type => "list"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                    database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            stdout{
                    codec => rubydebug
            }
    }
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
    20171212 Elastic Stack_第9张图片
  • 实验2-7:Logstash的处理结果写入redis数据库

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                    database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            redis {
                    data_type => "channel"
                    key => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    } 
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    
20171212 Elastic Stack_第10张图片
  • 实验2-8:Logstash的处理结果发送至实验一的Elasticsearch集群

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            file {
                    path => ["/var/log/httpd/access_log"]
                    start_position => "beginning"
           }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                    database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            elasticsearch {
                    hosts => ["http://192.168.136.230/", "http://192.168.136.130"]
                    document_type => "httpd-accesslog"
                    index => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    

可以在elasticsearch-head中看到接收到的数据

四、Filebeat的使用

(一)Beats平台

  • Beats 平台:集合了多种单一用途数据采集器。这些采集器安装后可用作轻量型代理,从成百上千或成千上万台机器向 Logstash 或 Elasticsearch 发送数据
  • Filebeat:轻量型日志采集器,用于转发和汇总日志与文件

(二)Filebeat的文件结构

  • /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml:配置文件
  • /etc/filebeat/filebeat.full.yml:配置文件模板
  • /lib/systemd/system/filebeat.service:Unit文件

(三)实验三:Filebeat的使用

  • 实验3-1:实现Filebeat收集数据传送至Logstash,并由Logstash转换后传送至Elasticsearch

    • 实验环境:实验2-8配置完成的环境
      包含三台Elasticsearch节点主机,一台Logstash主机,并再增加一台Filebeat主机

    • 步骤1:Filebeat主机配置

    rpm -ivh filebeat-5.5.3-x86_64.rpm
    vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
    filebeat.prospectors:
    - input_type: log
      paths:
        - /var/log/httpd/access_log*     // 设置监控的日志
    output.logstash:
    hosts: ["192.168.136.230:5044"]      // 指定Logstash服务器的IP和端口
    
    systemctl start filebeat.service
    
    • 步骤2:Logstash主机配置
    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
           beats {
                   port => 5044
           }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                   database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            }
    }
    output {
            elasticsearch {
                    hosts => ["http://192.168.136.230/","http://192.168.136.130/"]
                    document_type => "httpd-accesslog"
                    index => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    }
    
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf 
    systemctl start logstash.service
    
    • 步骤3:测试
      echo '120.120.120.120 - - [14/Dec/2017:16:42:56 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.29.0"' >> /var/log/httpd/access_log
    20171212 Elastic Stack_第11张图片
  • 实验3-2:实现Filebeat收集数据传送至Redis,由Redis传送至Logstash,并由Logstash转换后传送至Elasticsearch

    • 实验环境:实验3-1配置完成的环境
      包含三台Elasticsearch节点主机,一台Logstash主机,一台Filebeat主机,并再增加一台Redis主机

    • 步骤1:修改Filebeat主机配置

    vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
    filebeat.prospectors:
    - input_type: log
      paths:
        - /var/log/httpd/access_log*     // 设置监控的日志
    output.redis:
            enabled: true
            hosts: [192.168.136.240]     // Redis服务器地址
            port: 6379
            key: httpd-accesslog         // key值必须要和Logstash主机的配置相同
            db: 0
            datatype: list
    
    systemctl restart filebeat.service
    
    • 步骤2: 配置Redis主机
    yum install redis
    vim /etc/redis.conf
    bind 0.0.0.0
    systemctl start redis.service
    
    • 步骤3:配置Logstash主机
    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    input {
            redis {
                    host => '192.168.136.240'
                    port => '6379'
                    key => 'httpd-accesslog'     // key值必须要和Filebeat主机的配置相同
                    data_type => 'list'
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG}"
                   }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
            mutate {
                    rename => {
                            "agent" => "user_agent"
                    }
            }
            geoip {
                    source => "clientip"
                    target => geoip
                    database => "/etc/logstash/maxmind/GeoLite2-City.mmdb"
            }
    }
    output {
            elasticsearch {
                    hosts => ["http://192.168.136.230/","http://192.168.136.130/"]
                    document_type => "httpd-accesslog"
                    index => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    }
    /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -t -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/test.conf
    systemctl restart logstash.service
    
    • 步骤4:测试
      echo '135.136.137.138 - - [14/Dec/2017:16:42:56 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 18 "-" "curl/7.29.0"' >> /var/log/httpd/access_log

五、Kibana的使用

  • Kibana:可视化 Elasticsearch 中的数据

(一)Kibana的文件结构

  • /etc/kibana/kibana.yml:配置文件
  • /etc/systemd/system/kibana.service:Unit文件

(二)实验四:Kibana的使用

  • 实验4:使用Kibana将Elasticsearch中的数据可视化

  • 实验环境:实验3-2配置完成的环境
    包含三台Elasticsearch节点主机,一台Logstash主机,一台Filebeat主机,一台Redis主机,并再增加一台Kibana主机

  • 步骤1:配置Kibana

rpm -ivh kibana-5.5.3-x86_64.rpm
vim /etc/kibana/kibana.yml
server.port: 5601          // 监听端口
server.host: "0.0.0.0"     // 监听ip
server.basePath: ""
server.name: "node3.hellopeiyang.com"
elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.136.230:9200"     // elasticsearch主机ip地址及端口

systemctl start kibana.service
  • 步骤2:在web浏览器中访问Kibana主机的5601端口,进入初始化管理页面

    20171212 Elastic Stack_第12张图片

    要求填写索引名称,配置后点击Create进入管理平台:左侧为主要功能栏,当前在"Discover"功能中,上面的输入框中可以搜索,下面显示搜索结果

    20171212 Elastic Stack_第13张图片

    可以使用管理平台左侧的"Visualize"功能,建立统计图形,如下图中的饼图

    20171212 Elastic Stack_第14张图片

    可以使用管理平台左侧的"Visualize"功能,建立访问地区分布图

    20171212 Elastic Stack_第15张图片

    可以使用管理平台左侧的"Dashboard"功能,将多幅图并排显示在监控界面

    20171212 Elastic Stack_第16张图片

六、Elastic Stack综合应用实例

(一)实验实例1:

  • 实验目标:使用Filebeat, Logstash, Elasticsearch, Kibana等工具收集、处理、存储并可视化Tomcat日志数据

  • 实验环境:包含三台Elasticsearch节点主机,一台Logstash主机,一台Filebeat主机,一台Redis主机和一台Kibana主机

  • 步骤1:配置Filebeat主机

    vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
    filebeat.prospectors:
    - input_type: log
      paths:
        - /var/log/tomcat/*access_log*      // 监控的tomcat目录路径
      document_type: tomcat-accesslog
    output.redis:
            enabled: true
            hosts: ["192.168.136.131"]
            port: 6379
            key: tomcat-accesslog           // 存储至redis的key名称
            db: 0
            datatype: list
    
    systemctl start filebeat.service
    
  • 步骤2:配置Redis服务器

    vim /etc/redis.conf
    bind 0.0.0.0
    
    systemctl start redis.service
    
  • 步骤3:配置Logstash服务器

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tomcat.conf
    input {
            redis {
                    host => '192.168.136.131'
                    port => '6379'
                    key => 'tomcat-accesslog'     // 与filebeat存储至redis数据库的key名称相同
                    data_type => 'list'
            }
    }
    
    filter {
            grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMMONLOG}"
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                    match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            elasticsearch {
                    hosts => ["http://192.168.136.230/","http://192.168.136.130/"]
                    document_type => "tomcat-accesslog"
                    index => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    }
    
    systemctl start logstash.service
    
  • 步骤4:配置Elasticsearch Cluster

    mkdir /data/els/{data,logs} -pv
    chown -R elasticsearch,elasticsearch /data/els
    vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
    cluster.name: myels
    node.name: node0
    path.data: /data/els/data
    path.logs: /data/els/logs
    network.host: 192.168.136.230
    http.port: 9200
    discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node0", "node1", "node3"]
    discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 2
    http.cors.enabled: true
    http.cors.allow-origin: "*
    
    systemctl start elasticsearch
    
  • 步骤5:启动Elasticsearch-head
    npm run start &

    在web管理页面中查看集群产生了相应的索引

    20171212 Elastic Stack_第17张图片
  • 步骤6:配置Kibana

    vim /etc/kibana/kibana.yml
    server.port: 5601
    server.host: "0.0.0.0"
    server.basePath: ""
    server.name: "node3.hellopeiyang.com"
    elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.136.230:9200"
    
    systemctl start kibana.service
    

    在Kibana的管理页面也看到了格式化的Tomcat日志统计数据

    20171212 Elastic Stack_第18张图片

(二)实验实例2:

  • 实验目标:使用Filebeat, Logstash, Elasticsearch, Kibana等工具收集、处理、存储并可视化Nginx日志数据

  • 实验环境:包含三台Elasticsearch节点主机,一台Logstash主机,一台Filebeat主机,一台Redis主机和一台Kibana主机

  • 步骤1:配置Filebeat主机

    vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
    filebeat.prospectors:
    - input_type: log
      paths:
        - /var/log/nginx/access.log*      // 监控的tomcat目录路径
      document_type: nginx-accesslog
    output.redis:
            enabled: true
            hosts: ["192.168.136.131"]
           port: 6379
            key: nginx-accesslog          // 存储至redis的key名称
            db: 0
           datatype: list
    
    systemctl start filebeat.service
    
  • 步骤2:配置Redis服务器

    vim /etc/redis.conf
    bind 0.0.0.0
    
    systemctl start redis.service
    
  • 步骤3:配置Logstash服务器

    在filter中使用grok插件时,在没有完全匹配模式的情况下,可以自定义:
    例如,\"%{DATA:realclient}\",冒号前为数据格式,冒号后为给数据定义的名称

    vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx.conf
    input {
            redis {
                    host => '192.168.136.131'
                    port => '6379'
                   key => 'nginx-accesslog'     // 与filebeat存储至redis数据库的key名称相同
                    data_type => 'list'
           }
    }
    
    filter {
           grok {
                    match => {
                            "message" => "%{HTTPD_COMBINEDLOG} \"%{DATA:realclient}\""
                    }
                    remove_field =>  "message"
            }
            date {
                   match => ["timestamp","dd/MMM/YYYY:H:m:s Z"]
                    remove_field =>  "timestamp"
            }
    }
    
    output {
            elasticsearch {
                   hosts => ["http://192.168.136.230/","http://192.168.136.130/"]
                   document_type => "nginx-accesslog"
                   index => "logstash-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"
            }
    }
    
    systemctl start logstash.service
    
  • 步骤4:配置Elasticsearch Cluster,与实验实例1的步骤4完全相同

  • 步骤5:启动Elasticsearch-head
    npm run start &

    索引中的文档,除了可以看到按照给定模式分段的信息,也看到了自定义分段信息

    20171212 Elastic Stack_第19张图片
  • 步骤6:配置Kibana,与实验实例1的步骤6完全相同

    在Kibana的管理页面可以看到格式化的Nginx日志统计数据,特别注意到自定义分段的信息也可以看到

    20171212 Elastic Stack_第20张图片

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