‘二叉树’是数据结构中比较重要的一部分,这里主要讨论一下‘搜索二叉树’,针对‘搜索二叉树的插入、删除和查找节点进行分情况讨论,希望能够帮助读者更加的理解搜索二叉树的原理。


◆搜索二叉树的性质:

      1.每个节点都有一个一个作为搜索依据的关键码,所有节点的关键码都不相同。

       2.左子树所有的关键码(key)都小于根节点的关键码(key)。

       3.右子树所有的关键码(key)都大于根节点的关键码(key)。

       4.左、右子树都是二叉搜索树。


       实现‘搜索二叉树’的节点结构可以实现为K形式,和K、V形式,若实现K形式,则K表示节点的值,同时可以使用K来确定节点的位置,若实现K、V形式,则K表示节点的一个标记,用来判断节点在二叉树中具体的存储位置,V表示节点的具体存储的值。这里实现的是K、V形式,K形式读者可以下去自己进行尝试。


◆下面为实现‘搜索二叉树’的具体节点结构:

template 
struct BSTNode
{
     BSTNode* _left;      //指向左节点的指针
     BSTNode* _right;     //指向右节点的指针
     K _key;         //节点标记,确定节点位置
     V _value;       //节点的值
     
     BSTNode(const K& key, const V& value)    //构造节点
      :_key(key)
      , _value(value)
      , _left(NULL)
      , _right(NULL)
     { }
};


◆讨论相关操作情况

(1)节点插入

数据结构--‘搜索二叉树’_第1张图片



(2)节点删除

数据结构--‘搜索二叉树’_第2张图片


(3)节点查找

         根据搜索二叉树的性质来进行查找,当key>root->key;向右孩子节点再次进行查找,当keykey,从左边的孩子节点进行查找,否则,就证明查找到了。


◆下面是详细的代码(实现的递归和非递归两种方式)

template 
class BSTree
{
     typedef BSTNode Node;
     
public:
     BSTree()              //构造
          :_root(NULL)
     {}
     
     bool Insert(const K& key, const V& value)          //非递归插入
     {
          if (_root == NULL)    //根节点为空
          {
               _root = new Node(key, value);
               return true;
          }
          
          Node* cur = _root;
          if (cur->_left == NULL && cur->_right == NULL)    //父节点的左右节点为空
          {
               if (cur->_key < key)
               {
                    cur->_right = new Node(key, value);
               }
               else if (cur->_key > key)
               {
                    cur->_left = new Node(key, value);
               }
               else
               {
                    return false;
               }
          }
          else                                         
          {
               Node* parent = cur;
               while (cur)
               {
                    parent = cur;
                    if (cur->_key < key)   
                    {
                         if (parent->_right == NULL)          //右节点为空
                         {
                              parent->_right = new Node(key, value);
                         }
                         cur = cur->_right;
                    }
                    else if (cur->_key > key)
                    {
                         if (parent->_left == NULL)         //左节点为空
                         {
                              parent->_left = new Node(key, value);
                         }
                         cur = cur->_left;
                    }
                    else                              //数据在树中已经存在,防止数据冗余
                    {
                         return false;
                    }
               }
          }
          return true;
     }
     
     
     bool Remove(const K& key)                           //非递归删除
     {
          if (_root == NULL)          //根节点为空
          {
               return false;
          }
          
          if (_root->_left == NULL && _root->_right == NULL)       //根节点的左右节点为空
          {
               if (_root->_key == key)
               {
                    delete _root;
                    _root = NULL;
                    return true;
               }
               else
               {
                    return false;
               }
          }
          
          Node* parent = NULL;
          Node* cur = _root;
          while (cur)
          {
               if (cur->_key > key)     //寻找要删除的节点
               {
                    parent = cur;
                    cur = cur->_left;
               }
               else if (cur->_key < key)
               {
                    parent = cur;
                    cur = cur->_right;
               }
               else                 //找到要删除的节点
               {
                    Node* del = cur;
                    if (cur->_left == NULL)     //左为空
                    {
                         if (parent == NULL)      //cur节点没有父节点
                         {
                              _root = cur->_right;
                         }  
                         else                 //cur有父节点
                         {
                              if (parent->_left == cur)    
                              {
                                   parent->_left = cur->_right;
                              }
                              else
                              {
                                   parent->_right = cur->_right;
                              }
                         }
                    }
                    else if (cur->_right == NULL)     //右为空
                    {
                         if (parent == NULL)
                         {
                              _root = cur->_left;
                         }
                         else
                         {
                              if (parent->_left == cur)
                              {
                                   parent->_left = cur->_left;
                              }
                              else
                              {
                                   parent->_right = cur->_left;
                              }
                         }
                    }
                    else     //左、右为空
                    {
                         //找右树的最左节点
                         //找到的节点与cur交换再删除
                         parent = cur;
                         Node* firstLeft = cur->_right;
                         while (firstLeft->_left)
                         {
                              parent = firstLeft;
                              parent = firstLeft->_left;
                         }
                         swap(cur->_key, firstLeft->_key);
                         swap(cur->_value, firstLeft->_value);
                         del = firstLeft;
                         if (parent->_left == firstLeft)
                         {
                              parent->_left = firstLeft->_right;
                         }
                         else
                         {
                              parent->_right = firstLeft->_right;
                         }
                    }
                    delete del;
                    return true;
               }    
          }
          return false;
     }

     Node* Find(const K& key)                           //非递归查找
     {
          if (_root == NULL)
          {
           return NULL;
          }
          
          Node* cur = _root;
          while (cur)
          {
               if (cur->_key < key)
               {
                    cur = cur->_right;
               }
               else if (cur->_key > key)
               {
                    cur = cur->_left;
               }
               else
               {
                    return cur;
               }
          }
          return NULL;
     }
     
     bool Insert_R(const K& key, const V& value)    //递归实现插入
     {
          return _Insert_R(_root, key, value);
     }
     
     bool Remove_R(const K& key)                 //递归实现删除
     {
          return _Remove_R(_root, key);
     }
     
     Node* Find_R(const K& key)                //递归实现查找
     {
          return _Find_R(_root, key);
     }
     
     void Inorder()                       //递归实现中序遍历
     {
          _Inorder(_root);
     }
     
protected:
     bool _Insert_R(Node*& root, const K& key, const V& value)         //递归实现插入节点
     {
          if (root == NULL)
          {
               root = new Node(key, value);    //添加引用会更改_root
               return true;
          }
          
          if (root->_key < key)
          {
               return _Insert_R(root->_right, key, value);
          }
          else if (root->_key > key)
          {
               return _Insert_R(root->_left, key, value);
          }
          else
          {
               return false;
          }
     }
     
     Node* _Find_R(Node*& root, const K& key)                 //递归实现查找
     {
          if (root == NULL)
          {
               return NULL;
          }
          if (root->_key < key)
          {
               return _Find_R(root->_right, key);
          }
          else if (root->_key > key)
          {
               return _Find_R(root->_left, key);
          }
          else
          {
               return root;
          }
     }

     bool _Remove_R(Node*& root, const K& key)
     {
          if (root == NULL)
          {
               return false;
          }
          
          if (root->_key > key)
          {
               return _Remove_R(root->_left, key);
          }
          else if (root->_key < key)
          {
               return _Remove_R(root->_right, key);
          }
          else
          {
               Node* del = root;
               if (root->_left == NULL)
               {
                    root = root->_right;
                    delete del;
                    return true;
               }
               else if (root->_right == NULL)
               {
                    root = root->_left;
                    delete del;
                    return true;
               }
               else
               {
                    Node* firstLeft = root->_right;
                    while (firstLeft->_left)
                    {
                         firstLeft = firstLeft->_left;
                    }
                    swap(firstLeft->_key, root->_key);
                    swap(firstLeft->_value, root->_value);
                    _Remove_R(root->_right, key);
                    delete del;
                    return true;
               }
          }
          return false;
     }
     
 void _Inorder(Node* root)             //中序遍历
 {
      if (root == NULL)
      {
           return;
      }
      _Inorder(root->_left);
      cout << root->_key << " ";
      _Inorder(root->_right);
 }
 
protected:
 Node* _root;
};