OpenCV_(2):常用数据结构和函数

首先介绍几个常用的结构体：

Point2f p(6,2); //二维点
Point3f p3f(8,2,0); //三维点
vector<float> v;
vector Points(20);

接下来就是几个常用的类和常用函数：

Point：二维点，三维点等
Scalar：颜色的表示，RGBA四个元素
Size：尺寸的表示，宽和高
Rect：矩形的表示,(x,y,width,height)

颜色空间转换：cvtColor()函数
防止内存溢出的函数：alignPtr、alignSize、allocate、deallocate、fastMalloc、fastFree等
RNG()函数的作用为初始化随机数的生成器
.h>里很多函数不错：
  计算向量角度的函数fastAtan2
  计算立方根的函数cubeRoot
  向上取整函数cvCeil
  向下取整函数cvFloor
  四舍五入函数cvRound
  判断自变量是否无穷大cvIsInf
  判断自变量是否不是一个数cvIsNaN

在OpenCV中有绘制各种图形的函数：

DrawEllipse()  //绘制椭圆
DrawFilledCircle() //绘制实心圆
DrawPolygon()  //绘制凹多边形
DrawLine()  //绘制线

下面是OpenCV3编程入门里面的一些图形绘制程序

//---------------------------------【头文件、命名空间包含部分】-----
//          描述：包含程序所使用的头文件和命名空间
//-------------------------------------------------------------
#include 
#include 
using namespace cv;

//此程序对于OpenCV3版需要额外包含头文件：
#include 



//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】--------------
//      描述：定义一些辅助宏 
//-------------------------------------------------------------
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【绘制图1】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【绘制图2】"        //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600//定义窗口大小的宏



//--------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】------------
//      描述：全局函数声明
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle );//绘制椭圆
void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center );//绘制圆
void DrawPolygon( Mat img );//绘制多边形
void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end );//绘制线段



//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】----
//          描述：输出一些帮助信息
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void ShowHelpText()
{
    //输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本
    printf("\n\n\t\t\t非常感谢购买《OpenCV3编程入门》一书！\n");
    printf("\n\n\t\t\t此为本书OpenCV3版的第20个配套示例程序\n");
    printf("\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION );
    printf("\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}




//---------------------------------------【main( )函数】--------
//      描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-------------------------------------------------------------
int main( void )
{

    // 创建空白的Mat图像
    Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );
    Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3 );

    ShowHelpText();
    // ---------------------<1>绘制化学中的原子示例图--------------

    //【1.1】先绘制出椭圆
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 90 );
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 0 );
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, 45 );
    DrawEllipse( atomImage, -45 );

    //【1.2】再绘制圆心
    DrawFilledCircle( atomImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2) );

    // ----------------------------<2>绘制组合图-----------------
    //【2.1】先绘制出椭圆
    DrawPolygon( rookImage );

    // 【2.2】绘制矩形
    rectangle( rookImage,
        Point( 0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ),
        Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH),
        Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),
        -1,
        8 );

    // 【2.3】绘制一些线段
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 0, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ) );
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );
    DrawLine( rookImage, Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 ), Point( 3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH ) );

    // ---------------------------<3>显示绘制出的图像-------------
    imshow( WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage );
    moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200 );
    imshow( WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage );
    moveWindow( WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200 );

    waitKey( 0 );
    return(0);
}



//-------------------------------【DrawEllipse( )函数】---------
//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了绘制不同角度、相同尺寸的椭圆
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawEllipse( Mat img, double angle )
{
    int thickness = 2;
    int lineType = 8;

    ellipse( img,
        Point( WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2 ),
        Size( WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH/16 ),
        angle,
        0,
        360,
        Scalar( 255, 129, 0 ),
        thickness,
        lineType );
}


//-----------------------------------【DrawFilledCircle( )函数】---------------------------
//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了实心圆的绘制
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center )
{
    int thickness = -1;
    int lineType = 8;

    circle( img,
        center,
        WINDOW_WIDTH/32,
        Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),
        thickness,
        lineType );
}


//-----------------------------------【DrawPolygon( )函数】-----
//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了凹多边形的绘制
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawPolygon( Mat img )
{
    int lineType = 8;

    //创建一些点
    Point rookPoints[1][20];
    rookPoints[0][0]  = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][1]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][2]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][3]  = Point( 11*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][4]  = Point( 19*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][5]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][6]  = Point(  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][7]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][8]  = Point( 26*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][9]  = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][10] = Point( 22*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][11] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][12] = Point( 18*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][13] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/4 );
    rookPoints[0][14] = Point( 14*WINDOW_WIDTH/40,    WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][15] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,     WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][16] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,   3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][17] = Point( 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/32,  3*WINDOW_WIDTH/8 );
    rookPoints[0][18] = Point(  5*WINDOW_WIDTH/16, 13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );
    rookPoints[0][19] = Point(    WINDOW_WIDTH/4,  13*WINDOW_WIDTH/16 );

    const Point* ppt[1] = { rookPoints[0] };
    int npt[] = { 20 };

    fillPoly( img,
        ppt,
        npt,
        1,
        Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),
        lineType );
}


//-----------------------------------【DrawLine( )函数】--------
//      描述：自定义的绘制函数，实现了线的绘制
//-------------------------------------------------------------
void DrawLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end )
{
    int thickness = 2;
    int lineType = 8;
    line( img,
        start,
        end,
        Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),
        thickness,
        lineType );
}