APK安装流程详解5——Installer、InstallerConnection和Installd守护进程

APK安装流程系列文章整体内容如下:
  • APK安装流程详解0——前言
  • APK安装流程详解1——有关"安装ing"的实体类概述
  • APK安装流程详解2——PackageManager简介
  • APK安装流程详解3——PackageManager与PackageManagerService
  • APK安装流程详解4——安装中关于so库的那些事
  • APK安装流程详解5——PackageInstallerService和Installer
  • APK安装流程详解6——PackageManagerService启动前奏
  • APK安装流程详解7——PackageManagerService的启动流程(上)
  • APK安装流程详解8——PackageManagerService的启动流程(下)
  • APK安装流程详解9——PackageParser解析APK(上)
  • APK安装流程详解10——PackageParser解析APK(下)
  • APK安装流程详解11——普通应用安装简介
  • APK安装流程详解12——PackageManagerService中的新安装流程上(拷贝)
  • APK安装流程详解13——PackageManagerService中的新安装流程下(装载)
  • APK安装流程详解14——PMS中的新安装流程上(拷贝)补充
  • APK安装流程详解15——PMS中的新安装流程下(装载)补充
    • APK安装流程详解16——Android包管理总结

本片文章的主要内容如下:

  • 1、Installer简介
  • 2、InstallerConnection简介
  • 3、Installd守护进程

一、Installer简介

Installer.java

(一)、Installer类简介

public final class Installer extends SystemService {
}

我们知道Installer继承自SystemService,在Android系统中有两个SystemServer,一个是os/SystemService.java,另一个是server/SystemService.java,这里Installer继承的是server/SystemService.java,所以我们可以说Installer其实是一个系统服务。

(二)、Installer类的构造函数

    private final InstallerConnection mInstaller;
    public Installer(Context context) {
        super(context);
        mInstaller = new InstallerConnection();
    }

Installer就一个有参的构造函数,并且传入一个Context,而在构造函数里面什么都没做,就是初始化了mInstaller,这里mInstaller其实是一个InstallerConnection对象,关于InstallerConnection类我会在后面单独讲解。

(三)、Installer类的启动

1、Installer的启动

代码在SystemServer.java 326行

private void startBootstrapServices() {
        // Wait for installd to finish starting up so that it has a chance to
        // create critical directories such as /data/user with the appropriate
        // permissions.  We need this to complete before we initialize other services.
        Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);
    ...
}

先来看下翻译

等待intalld完成启动,这样它就可以创建需要权限的关键目录,比如/data/user。在初始化其他服务之前,我们必须先做此操作
等待installd完成启动,以便它有机会创建具有适当权限的关键目录,如/ data / user。 在初始化其他服务之前,我们需要完成此操作。

2、onStart()方法

因为Installer继承自SystemService,所以我们看下Installer的onStart方法
代码在Installer.java 396行

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        Slog.i(TAG, "Waiting for installd to be ready.");
        mInstaller.waitForConnection();
    }

我们发现这个方法里面什么都没做,就是调用了mInstaller.waitForConnection(String)方法。

3、小结

先创建Installer对象,再调用onStart()方法,该方法中主要工作是等待socket通道建立完成。

(四)、Installer类的其他方法

上面一篇文章我们在讲解PackageManagerService初始化的时候,涉及到了很多关于Installer的操作,我们就来看下

  • 1、PackageManagerService.java 构造函数里面
    1985行调用mInstaller.dexopt(lib, Process.SYSTEM_UID, true, dexCodeInstructionSet, dexoptNeeded, false);
  • 2、PackageManagerService.java 构造函数里面 2034行调用
    mInstaller.dexopt(path, Process.SYSTEM_UID, true, dexCodeInstructionSet, dexoptNeeded, false);
  • 3、 PackageManagerService.java 构造函数里面 2103行调用
    mInstaller.moveFiles();

由于上面1和2调用都是 dexopt(String, int, boolean,String, int, boolean)方法,那我们就来看下这个方法

1、dexopt(String, int, boolean,String, int, boolean)方法

代码在Installer.java 83行

    public int dexopt(String apkPath, int uid, boolean isPublic,
            String instructionSet, int dexoptNeeded, boolean bootComplete) {
        // 校验是否是非法的instructionSet
        if (!isValidInstructionSet(instructionSet)) {
            Slog.e(TAG, "Invalid instruction set: " + instructionSet);
            return -1;
        }
         // 最终调用了mInstaller的dexopt方法
        return mInstaller.dexopt(apkPath, uid, isPublic, instructionSet, dexoptNeeded,
                bootComplete);
    }

我们看到了这个方法本质其实是通过mInstaller的dexopt方法来进行的,这个方法我们先记下来,一会讲解

2、mInstaller.moveFiles()方法

代码在Installer.java 396行

    public int moveFiles() {
        return mInstaller.execute("movefiles");
    }

我们发现这个方法里面什么都没做,就是调用了mInstaller.execute(String)方法。

3、总结

大家发现什么概率没,是的,貌似Installer的很多方法的具体实现最后都是调用了mInstaller的方法,其中大部分的方法其最后,都是调用的mInstaller.execute(String)方法如下:
为了方便查阅,我把行数也加上了

63    public int install(String uuid, String name, int uid, int gid, String seinfo) {
64        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("install");
65        builder.append(' ');
66        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
67        builder.append(' ');
68        builder.append(name);
69        builder.append(' ');
70        builder.append(uid);
71        builder.append(' ');
72        builder.append(gid);
73        builder.append(' ');
74        builder.append(seinfo != null ? seinfo : "!");
75        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
76    }

101    public int dexopt(String apkPath, int uid, boolean isPublic, String pkgName,
102            String instructionSet, int dexoptNeeded, boolean vmSafeMode,
103            boolean debuggable, @Nullable String outputPath, boolean bootComplete) {
104        if (!isValidInstructionSet(instructionSet)) {
105            Slog.e(TAG, "Invalid instruction set: " + instructionSet);
106            return -1;
107        }
108        return mInstaller.dexopt(apkPath, uid, isPublic, pkgName,
109                instructionSet, dexoptNeeded, vmSafeMode,
110                debuggable, outputPath, bootComplete);
111    }
112
113    public int idmap(String targetApkPath, String overlayApkPath, int uid) {
114        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("idmap");
115        builder.append(' ');
116        builder.append(targetApkPath);
117        builder.append(' ');
118        builder.append(overlayApkPath);
119        builder.append(' ');
120        builder.append(uid);
121        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
122    }
123
124    public int movedex(String srcPath, String dstPath, String instructionSet) {
125        if (!isValidInstructionSet(instructionSet)) {
126            Slog.e(TAG, "Invalid instruction set: " + instructionSet);
127            return -1;
128        }
129
130        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("movedex");
131        builder.append(' ');
132        builder.append(srcPath);
133        builder.append(' ');
134        builder.append(dstPath);
135        builder.append(' ');
136        builder.append(instructionSet);
137        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
138    }
139
140    public int rmdex(String codePath, String instructionSet) {
141        if (!isValidInstructionSet(instructionSet)) {
142            Slog.e(TAG, "Invalid instruction set: " + instructionSet);
143            return -1;
144        }
145
146        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("rmdex");
147        builder.append(' ');
148        builder.append(codePath);
149        builder.append(' ');
150        builder.append(instructionSet);
151        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
152    }
153
154    /**
155     * Removes packageDir or its subdirectory
156     */
157    public int rmPackageDir(String packageDir) {
158        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("rmpackagedir");
159        builder.append(' ');
160        builder.append(packageDir);
161        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
162    }



169    public int remove(String uuid, String name, int userId) {
170        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("remove");
171        builder.append(' ');
172        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
173        builder.append(' ');
174        builder.append(name);
175        builder.append(' ');
176        builder.append(userId);
177        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
178    }

180    public int rename(String oldname, String newname) {
181        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("rename");
182        builder.append(' ');
183        builder.append(oldname);
184        builder.append(' ');
185        builder.append(newname);
186        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
187    }



194    public int fixUid(String uuid, String name, int uid, int gid) {
195        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("fixuid");
196        builder.append(' ');
197        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
198        builder.append(' ');
199        builder.append(name);
200        builder.append(' ');
201        builder.append(uid);
202        builder.append(' ');
203        builder.append(gid);
204        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
205    }



212    public int deleteCacheFiles(String uuid, String name, int userId) {
213        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("rmcache");
214        builder.append(' ');
215        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
216        builder.append(' ');
217        builder.append(name);
218        builder.append(' ');
219        builder.append(userId);
220        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
221    }

228    public int deleteCodeCacheFiles(String uuid, String name, int userId) {
229        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("rmcodecache");
230        builder.append(' ');
231        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
232        builder.append(' ');
233        builder.append(name);
234        builder.append(' ');
235        builder.append(userId);
236        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
237    }
238


244    public int createUserData(String uuid, String name, int uid, int userId, String seinfo) {
245        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("mkuserdata");
246        builder.append(' ');
247        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
248        builder.append(' ');
249        builder.append(name);
250        builder.append(' ');
251        builder.append(uid);
252        builder.append(' ');
253        builder.append(userId);
254        builder.append(' ');
255        builder.append(seinfo != null ? seinfo : "!");
256        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
257    }

259    public int createUserConfig(int userId) {
260        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("mkuserconfig");
261        builder.append(' ');
262        builder.append(userId);
263        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
264    }
265


271    public int removeUserDataDirs(String uuid, int userId) {
272        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("rmuser");
273        builder.append(' ');
274        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
275        builder.append(' ');
276        builder.append(userId);
277        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
278    }

280    public int copyCompleteApp(String fromUuid, String toUuid, String packageName,
281            String dataAppName, int appId, String seinfo) {
282        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("cpcompleteapp");
283        builder.append(' ');
284        builder.append(escapeNull(fromUuid));
285        builder.append(' ');
286        builder.append(escapeNull(toUuid));
287        builder.append(' ');
288        builder.append(packageName);
289        builder.append(' ');
290        builder.append(dataAppName);
291        builder.append(' ');
292        builder.append(appId);
293        builder.append(' ');
294        builder.append(seinfo);
295        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
296    }



303    public int clearUserData(String uuid, String name, int userId) {
304        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("rmuserdata");
305        builder.append(' ');
306        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
307        builder.append(' ');
308        builder.append(name);
309        builder.append(' ');
310        builder.append(userId);
311        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
312    }

314    public int markBootComplete(String instructionSet) {
315        if (!isValidInstructionSet(instructionSet)) {
316            Slog.e(TAG, "Invalid instruction set: " + instructionSet);
317            return -1;
318        }
320        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("markbootcomplete");
321        builder.append(' ');
322        builder.append(instructionSet);
323        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
324    }


331    public int freeCache(String uuid, long freeStorageSize) {
332        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("freecache");
333        builder.append(' ');
334        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
335        builder.append(' ');
336        builder.append(String.valueOf(freeStorageSize));
337        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
338    }



405    /**
406     * Links the 32 bit native library directory in an application's data directory to the
407     * real location for backward compatibility. Note that no such symlink is created for
408     * 64 bit shared libraries.
409     *
410     * @return -1 on error
411     */
412    public int linkNativeLibraryDirectory(String uuid, String dataPath, String nativeLibPath32,
413            int userId) {
414        if (dataPath == null) {
415            Slog.e(TAG, "linkNativeLibraryDirectory dataPath is null");
416            return -1;
417        } else if (nativeLibPath32 == null) {
418            Slog.e(TAG, "linkNativeLibraryDirectory nativeLibPath is null");
419            return -1;
420        }
421
422        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("linklib");
423        builder.append(' ');
424        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
425        builder.append(' ');
426        builder.append(dataPath);
427        builder.append(' ');
428        builder.append(nativeLibPath32);
429        builder.append(' ');
430        builder.append(userId);
431
432        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
433    }

440    public boolean restoreconData(String uuid, String pkgName, String seinfo, int uid) {
441        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("restorecondata");
442        builder.append(' ');
443        builder.append(escapeNull(uuid));
444        builder.append(' ');
445        builder.append(pkgName);
446        builder.append(' ');
447        builder.append(seinfo != null ? seinfo : "!");
448        builder.append(' ');
449        builder.append(uid);
450        return (mInstaller.execute(builder.toString()) == 0);
451    }

453    public int createOatDir(String oatDir, String dexInstructionSet) {
454        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("createoatdir");
455        builder.append(' ');
456        builder.append(oatDir);
457        builder.append(' ');
458        builder.append(dexInstructionSet);
459        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
460    }


463    public int linkFile(String relativePath, String fromBase, String toBase) {
464        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("linkfile");
465        builder.append(' ');
466        builder.append(relativePath);
467        builder.append(' ');
468        builder.append(fromBase);
469        builder.append(' ');
470        builder.append(toBase);
471        return mInstaller.execute(builder.toString());
472    }

说了半天,所有Installer很多方法的具体实现都是mInstaller(即InstallerConnection对象)来实现的。那下面就让我们来看下这个类

二、InstallerConnection简介

InstallerConnection.java

(一)、先来看下InstallerConnection类

/**
 * Represents a connection to {@code installd}. Allows multiple connect and
 * disconnect cycles.
 *
 * @hide for internal use only
 */
public class InstallerConnection {
    ...
}

翻译一下注释:

代表与installd的连接,允许多个连接和断开连接

可见,这个类其实是一个"连接的"包装类

(二)、先来看下InstallerConnection类的构造函数

    public InstallerConnection() {
    }

InstallerConnection的就一个构造函数。里面什么都没有做

那我们就来看下被Install调用的几个方法

(三)、先来看下InstallerConnection类的常用方法

4、dexopt(String , int, boolean,String, int, boolean) 方法

代码在InstallerConnection.java 94行

    public int dexopt(String apkPath, int uid, boolean isPublic,
            String instructionSet, int dexoptNeeded, boolean bootComplete) {
        return dexopt(apkPath, uid, isPublic, "*", instructionSet, dexoptNeeded,
                false, false, null, bootComplete);
    }

我们看到,这个方法什么都没做,直接调用了dexopt(String apkPath, int uid, boolean isPublic, String pkgName,String instructionSet, int dexoptNeeded, boolean vmSafeMode,boolean debuggable, String outputPath, boolean bootComplete) 方法

那我们来看下

    public int dexopt(String apkPath, int uid, boolean isPublic, String pkgName,
            String instructionSet, int dexoptNeeded, boolean vmSafeMode,
            boolean debuggable, String outputPath, boolean bootComplete) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("dexopt");
        builder.append(' ');
        builder.append(apkPath);
        builder.append(' ');
        builder.append(uid);
        builder.append(isPublic ? " 1" : " 0");
        builder.append(' ');
        builder.append(pkgName);
        builder.append(' ');
        builder.append(instructionSet);
        builder.append(' ');
        builder.append(dexoptNeeded);
        builder.append(vmSafeMode ? " 1" : " 0");
        builder.append(debuggable ? " 1" : " 0");
        builder.append(' ');
        builder.append(outputPath != null ? outputPath : "!");
        builder.append(bootComplete ? " 1" : " 0");
        return execute(builder.toString());
    }

可见我们这个dexopt方法其实也是调用的execute(String),再结合上面的解析,我们知道Install类调用InstallerConnection的方法基本上最后都是执行execute(String) 方法,那么我们就来看下

2、execute(String cmd)方法

代码在InstallerConnection.java 85行

    public int execute(String cmd) {
        String res = transact(cmd);
        try {
            return Integer.parseInt(res);
        } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
            return -1;
        }
    }

我们看到这方法 主要就是调用transact(String)方法,然后把String类型返回值转化为int型返回,那我们就来看下transact(String)方法

3、transact(String cmd) 方法

代码在InstallerConnection.java 49行

    public synchronized String transact(String cmd) {
         // 第一步
        if (!connect()) {
            Slog.e(TAG, "connection failed");
            return "-1";
        }
        // 第二步
        if (!writeCommand(cmd)) {
            /*
             * If installd died and restarted in the background (unlikely but
             * possible) we'll fail on the next write (this one). Try to
             * reconnect and write the command one more time before giving up.
             */
            Slog.e(TAG, "write command failed? reconnect!");
            if (!connect() || !writeCommand(cmd)) {
                return "-1";
            }
        }
        if (LOCAL_DEBUG) {
            Slog.i(TAG, "send: '" + cmd + "'");
        }

        // 第三步
        final int replyLength = readReply();
        if (replyLength > 0) {
            String s = new String(buf, 0, replyLength);
            if (LOCAL_DEBUG) {
                Slog.i(TAG, "recv: '" + s + "'");
            }
            return s;
        } else {
            if (LOCAL_DEBUG) {
                Slog.i(TAG, "fail");
            }
            return "-1";
        }
    }

就像一般的请求一样,我将上面的代码分为3部分

  • 1、建立连接:connect()方法
  • 2、发出请求:writeCommand(String)方法
  • 3、收到回复:readReply()方法

下面我们就详细看下其对应的几个方法

3.1、connect()方法简介

代码在InstallerConnection.java 123行

    private boolean connect() { 
        // 第一次才需要进行实际连接,之后就不需要了
        if (mSocket != null) {
            return true;
        }
        Slog.i(TAG, "connecting...");
        try {
            mSocket = new LocalSocket();
            // 得到"installd"目的端地址
            LocalSocketAddress address = new LocalSocketAddress("installd",
                    LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED);
             // 进行连接
            mSocket.connect(address);

             // 以下得到输入流和输出流
            mIn = mSocket.getInputStream();
            mOut = mSocket.getOutputStream();
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            disconnect();
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

通过上面代码我们知道,在connect()方法内部通过LocalSocketAddress与installd建立连接,其中mIn和mOut分别对应输入流和输出流

3.2、writeCommand(String)方法简介

代码在InstallerConnection.java 192行

    private boolean writeCommand(String cmdString) {
        final byte[] cmd = cmdString.getBytes();
        final int len = cmd.length;
        if ((len < 1) || (len > buf.length)) {
            return false;
        }

        buf[0] = (byte) (len & 0xff);
        buf[1] = (byte) ((len >> 8) & 0xff);
        try {
            // 写入的长度
            mOut.write(buf, 0, 2);
           // 写入的具体命令
            mOut.write(cmd, 0, len);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            Slog.e(TAG, "write error");
            disconnect();
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

这个方法很简单,把cmdString转化byte[] ,这里面涉及到一个buf,buf是一个size为1024的byte数组。然后把cmdString对应的byte写入到输入流中。

3.3、readReply()方法简介

代码在InstallerConnection.java 173行

    private int readReply() {
        if (!readFully(buf, 2)) {
            return -1;
        }
        final int len = (((int) buf[0]) & 0xff) | ((((int) buf[1]) & 0xff) << 8);
        if ((len < 1) || (len > buf.length)) {
            Slog.e(TAG, "invalid reply length (" + len + ")");
            disconnect();
            return -1;
        }
        if (!readFully(buf, len)) {
            return -1;
        }
        return len;
    }

这个方法内部很简单就是调用readFully(byte[] buffer, int len)读取输入流而已

private boolean readFully(byte[] buffer, int len) {
     try {
         Streams.readFully(mIn, buffer, 0, len);
     } catch (IOException ioe) {
         disconnect();
         return false;
     }
     return true;
 }
3.4、小结

可见,一次transct过程就是先connect()来判断是否建立socket连接,如果已经连接则调用writeCommand()将命令写入socket的mOut管道,等待从管道的mIn中readFully()读取应答消息。

4、execute(String cmd)方法

代码在InstallerConnection.java 85行

public void waitForConnection() {
    for (;;) {
        if (execute("ping") >= 0) {
            return;
        }
        Slog.w(TAG, "installd not ready");
        SystemClock.sleep(1000);
    }
}

通过循环地方式,每次休眠1s

5、总结

InstallerConnection就是一个连接类,负责连接installd

三、Installd守护进程

(一)、概述

我们知道PackageManagerServcie负责应用的安装,卸载等相关工作,但是大家注意,里面主要是"Manager",那具体负责这一块的是什么?就是我们要讲解的installd,installd才是真正的干活的。是通过PackageManagerService来访问的installd服务来执行程序包的安装与卸载的。

如下图


APK安装流程详解5——Installer、InstallerConnection和Installd守护进程_第1张图片
PackageManagerServcie与Installd.png

PackageManagerService是通过套接字方式访问installd服务进程的,

(二)、为什么要用intalld

有人会问了,PackageManageService这么大的组件了,为什么还需要intalld这个守护进程?这是因为权限的问题,PackageManagerService只有system权限。installd却是具有root权限

如下图:


APK安装流程详解5——Installer、InstallerConnection和Installd守护进程_第2张图片
Installd权限.png

(三)、intalld支持的命令

struct cmdinfo cmds[] = {
    { "ping",                 0, do_ping }, // 用于测试的空操作
    { "install",              5, do_install }, // 安装应用
    { "dexopt",               9, do_dexopt }, //将dex转换为oat或者patchoat oat文件
    { "markbootcomplete",     1, do_mark_boot_complete },
    { "movedex",              3, do_move_dex },  //把apk文件从一个目录移动到另一个目录
    { "rmdex",                2, do_rm_dex }, // 删除apk文件
    { "remove",               3, do_remove }, // 卸载应用
    { "rename",               2, do_rename }, // 更改应用数据目录的名称
    { "fixuid",               4, do_fixuid }, // 更改应用数据目录的uid
    { "freecache",            2, do_free_cache }, // 清除/cache目录下的文件
    { "rmcache",              3, do_rm_cache }, // 删除/cache下某个应用的目录
    { "rmcodecache",          3, do_rm_code_cache }, // 删除数据目录中code_cache文件夹
    { "getsize",              8, do_get_size }, // 计算一个应用占用的空间大小,包括apk大小,数据目录,cache目录等
    { "rmuserdata",           3, do_rm_user_data },// 删除一个用户中某个app的应用数据
    { "cpcompleteapp",        6, do_cp_complete_app },
    { "movefiles",            0, do_movefiles },//执行/system/etc/updatecmds/中的脚本
    { "linklib",              4, do_linklib }, // 建立 jib连接
    { "mkuserdata",           5, do_mk_user_data },// 为某个用户创建应用数据目录
    { "mkuserconfig",         1, do_mk_user_config },// 创建/data/misc/user/userid/
    { "rmuser",               2, do_rm_user },// 删除一个user的所有文件
    { "idmap",                3, do_idmap },
    { "restorecondata",       4, do_restorecon_data },// 恢复目录的SEAndroid安全上下文
    { "createoatdir",         2, do_create_oat_dir }, // 创建 /data/app/包名/oat/文件夹
    { "rmpackagedir",         1, do_rm_package_dir },// 删除/data/app/包名
    { "linkfile",             3, do_link_file } // 创建软连接
};

此命令表总共有25条命令,该表中第二列是指命令所需的参数个数,第三列是指命令所指向的函数。不同的Android版本该表格都会有所不同

不同Android版本中installd命令列表如下图,建议下载到PC上查看


image.png

(四)、intalld启动流程

1、启动

installd是由Android系统init进程(pid=1),在解析init.rc文件的代码时,通过fork创建用户空间的守护进程intalld

代码在init.rc 687行

service installd /system/bin/installd
    class main
    socket installd stream 600 system system

installd是随着系统启动过程中的main class而启动的,并且会创建一个socket套接字,用于跟上层的PackageManagerService进行交互。installd的启动入口是frameworks/base/cmds/installd/installd.c的main()方法,接下来从这里开始说

2、installd的main方法

代码在installd.cpp 660行

int main(const int argc __unused, char *argv[]) {
    char buf[BUFFER_MAX];
    struct sockaddr addr;
    socklen_t alen;
    int lsocket, s;
    int selinux_enabled = (is_selinux_enabled() > 0);

    setenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS", "*:v", 1);
    android::base::InitLogging(argv);

    ALOGI("installd firing up\n");

    union selinux_callback cb;
    cb.func_log = log_callback;
    selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_LOG, cb);

    // 初始化全局变量
    if (initialize_globals() < 0) {
        ALOGE("Could not initialize globals; exiting.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 初始化安装目录
    if (initialize_directories() < 0) {
        ALOGE("Could not create directories; exiting.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    if (selinux_enabled && selinux_status_open(true) < 0) {
        ALOGE("Could not open selinux status; exiting.\n");
        exit(1);
    }

     // 取得installd套接字,系统中所有的socket以ANDROID_SOCKET_[name]为key,
socket为为value的方式保存在 环境变量中
    lsocket = android_get_control_socket(SOCKET_PATH);
    if (lsocket < 0) {
        ALOGE("Failed to get socket from environment: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
    }

    // 监听socket消息
    if (listen(lsocket, 5)) {
        ALOGE("Listen on socket failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
    }

    // 修改该socket的属性
    fcntl(lsocket, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);

    for (;;) {
        alen = sizeof(addr);

       //接受socket客户端请求
        s = accept(lsocket, &addr, &alen);
        if (s < 0) {
            ALOGE("Accept failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
            continue;
        }

         // 接收到客户端的请求后,修改客户端请求socket客户端
        fcntl(s, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);

        ALOGI("new connection\n");
         // 循环读取客户端socket中内容,直到读取内容为空为止
         // 客户端 发送的数据格式:数据长度 | 数据内容
        for (;;) {
            unsigned short count;
  
             // 读取数据长度,读取成功返回0,反之返回-1
            if (readx(s, &count, sizeof(count))) {
                ALOGE("failed to read size\n");
                break;
            }
             //如果读取成功,但是读取的数据长度超出1024字节,同样停止读取
            if ((count < 1) || (count >= BUFFER_MAX)) {
                ALOGE("invalid size %d\n", count);
                break;
            }

            // 读取指令内容,读取成功返回0,反之返回-1
            if (readx(s, buf, count)) {
                ALOGE("failed to read command\n");
                break;
            }
            buf[count] = 0;
            if (selinux_enabled && selinux_status_updated() > 0) {
                selinux_android_seapp_context_reload();
            }

            // 执行指令
            if (execute(s, buf)) break;
        }
        ALOGI("closing connection\n");
        //执行完客户端的请求后,关闭socket连接,继续进入接手请求模式
        close(s);
    }
    return 0;
}

该方法首先初始化一些变量就安装目录,然后从环境变量中取得installd套接字的句柄值,然后进入监听此socket,当客户端发送过来请求时,接收客户端的请求,并读取客户端发送过来的命令数据,并根据读取客户端命令来执行命令操作。这里面涉及到3个关键方法:

  • initialize_globals()方法:初始化全局信息
  • initialize_directories()方法:初始化相关目录
  • static int execute(int s, char cmd[BUFFER_MAX])方法:执行指令
2.1、 initialize_globals()方法

代码在installd.cpp 349行

int initialize_globals() {
    // Get the android data directory.
    // 从环境变量中读取数据存储目录,在Android启动脚本init.rc中配置了ANDROID_DATA
     // 环境变量,export ANDORID_DATA  /data ,因此变量android_data_dir=/data/
    if (get_path_from_env(&android_data_dir, "ANDROID_DATA") < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Get the android app directory.
    // app目录/data/app/
    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_dir, &android_data_dir, APP_SUBDIR) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Get the android protected app directory.
    // 得到应用程序私有目录 android_app_private_dir=/data/app-private/
    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_private_dir, &android_data_dir, PRIVATE_APP_SUBDIR) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Get the android app native library directory.
    // app 本地库目录 /data/app-lib/
    if (copy_and_append(&android_app_lib_dir, &android_data_dir, APP_LIB_SUBDIR) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Get the sd-card ASEC mount point.
    // 从环境变量中取得sd-card ASEC 挂载点,在启动脚本init.rc中也有配置:
    //  export ASEC_MOUNTPOINT  /mnt/asec/  因此android_asec_dir=/mnt/asec/
    if (get_path_from_env(&android_asec_dir, "ASEC_MOUNTPOINT") < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Get the android media directory.
     // 多媒体目录 /data/media
    if (copy_and_append(&android_media_dir, &android_data_dir, MEDIA_SUBDIR) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Get the android external app directory.
    // 外部app 目录/mnt/expand
    if (get_path_from_string(&android_mnt_expand_dir, "/mnt/expand/") < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    // Take note of the system and vendor directories.
    // 系统和厂商目录
    android_system_dirs.count = 4;

    android_system_dirs.dirs = (dir_rec_t*) calloc(android_system_dirs.count, sizeof(dir_rec_t));
    if (android_system_dirs.dirs == NULL) {
        ALOGE("Couldn't allocate array for dirs; aborting\n");
        return -1;
    }

    dir_rec_t android_root_dir;
     // 目录 /system/app
    if (get_path_from_env(&android_root_dir, "ANDROID_ROOT") < 0) {
        ALOGE("Missing ANDROID_ROOT; aborting\n");
        return -1;
    }
    
     // 目录 /system/app
    android_system_dirs.dirs[0].path = build_string2(android_root_dir.path, APP_SUBDIR);
    android_system_dirs.dirs[0].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[0].path);

     // 目录 /system/app-lib
    android_system_dirs.dirs[1].path = build_string2(android_root_dir.path, PRIV_APP_SUBDIR);
    android_system_dirs.dirs[1].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[1].path);

     //  目录 /vendor/app/
    android_system_dirs.dirs[2].path = strdup("/vendor/app/");
    android_system_dirs.dirs[2].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[2].path);

     //  目录 /oem/app/
    android_system_dirs.dirs[3].path = strdup("/oem/app/");
    android_system_dirs.dirs[3].len = strlen(android_system_dirs.dirs[3].path);

    return 0;
}
2.2、 initialize_directories()方法

代码在installd.cpp 406行

int initialize_directories() {
    int res = -1;

    // Read current filesystem layout version to handle upgrade paths
    // 读取当前文件系统版本
    char version_path[PATH_MAX];
    snprintf(version_path, PATH_MAX, "%s.layout_version", android_data_dir.path);

    int oldVersion;
    if (fs_read_atomic_int(version_path, &oldVersion) == -1) {
        oldVersion = 0;
    }
    int version = oldVersion;

    // /data/user
     // 目录 /data/user
    char *user_data_dir = build_string2(android_data_dir.path, SECONDARY_USER_PREFIX);

    // /data/data
     // 目录 /data/data
    char *legacy_data_dir = build_string2(android_data_dir.path, PRIMARY_USER_PREFIX);

    // /data/user/0
     // 目录/data/user/0
    char *primary_data_dir = build_string3(android_data_dir.path, SECONDARY_USER_PREFIX, "0");
    if (!user_data_dir || !legacy_data_dir || !primary_data_dir) {
        goto fail;
    }

    // Make the /data/user directory if necessary
    // 如果 /data/user 目录不存在,则创建目录
    if (access(user_data_dir, R_OK) < 0) {
        if (mkdir(user_data_dir, 0711) < 0) {
            goto fail;
        }
         // 修改目录权限及所有属性
        if (chown(user_data_dir, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM) < 0) {
            goto fail;
        }
        if (chmod(user_data_dir, 0711) < 0) {
            goto fail;
        }
    }
    // Make the /data/user/0 symlink to /data/data if necessary
    // 将/data/user/0 链接到 /data/data
    if (access(primary_data_dir, R_OK) < 0) {
        if (symlink(legacy_data_dir, primary_data_dir)) {
            goto fail;
        }
    }

    if (version == 0) {
        // Introducing multi-user, so migrate /data/media contents into /data/media/0
        ALOGD("Upgrading /data/media for multi-user");

        // Ensure /data/media
        if (fs_prepare_dir(android_media_dir.path, 0770, AID_MEDIA_RW, AID_MEDIA_RW) == -1) {
            goto fail;
        }

        // /data/media.tmp
        char media_tmp_dir[PATH_MAX];
        snprintf(media_tmp_dir, PATH_MAX, "%smedia.tmp", android_data_dir.path);

        // Only copy when upgrade not already in progress
        if (access(media_tmp_dir, F_OK) == -1) {
            if (rename(android_media_dir.path, media_tmp_dir) == -1) {
                ALOGE("Failed to move legacy media path: %s", strerror(errno));
                goto fail;
            }
        }

        // Create /data/media again
        if (fs_prepare_dir(android_media_dir.path, 0770, AID_MEDIA_RW, AID_MEDIA_RW) == -1) {
            goto fail;
        }

        if (selinux_android_restorecon(android_media_dir.path, 0)) {
            goto fail;
        }

        // /data/media/0
        char owner_media_dir[PATH_MAX];
        snprintf(owner_media_dir, PATH_MAX, "%s0", android_media_dir.path);

        // Move any owner data into place
        if (access(media_tmp_dir, F_OK) == 0) {
            if (rename(media_tmp_dir, owner_media_dir) == -1) {
                ALOGE("Failed to move owner media path: %s", strerror(errno));
                goto fail;
            }
        }

        // Ensure media directories for any existing users
        DIR *dir;
        struct dirent *dirent;
        char user_media_dir[PATH_MAX];

        dir = opendir(user_data_dir);
        if (dir != NULL) {
            while ((dirent = readdir(dir))) {
                if (dirent->d_type == DT_DIR) {
                    const char *name = dirent->d_name;

                    // skip "." and ".."
                    if (name[0] == '.') {
                        if (name[1] == 0) continue;
                        if ((name[1] == '.') && (name[2] == 0)) continue;
                    }

                    // /data/media/
                    snprintf(user_media_dir, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", android_media_dir.path, name);
                    if (fs_prepare_dir(user_media_dir, 0770, AID_MEDIA_RW, AID_MEDIA_RW) == -1) {
                        goto fail;
                    }
                }
            }
            closedir(dir);
        }

        version = 1;
    }
2.3、execute(int s, char cmd[BUFFER_MAX])方法方法

代码在installd.cpp 265行

/* Tokenize the command buffer, locate a matching command,
 * ensure that the required number of arguments are provided,
 * call the function(), return the result.
 */
static int execute(int s, char cmd[BUFFER_MAX])
{
    char reply[REPLY_MAX];
    char *arg[TOKEN_MAX+1];
    unsigned i;
    unsigned n = 0;
    unsigned short count;
    int ret = -1;

    // ALOGI("execute('%s')\n", cmd);

        /* default reply is "" */
    reply[0] = 0;

        /* n is number of args (not counting arg[0]) */
    // arg[0] 为命令名称,命令格式:[name arg1 arg2 arg3 arg4]
    arg[0] = cmd;
    // 计算命令参数个数
    while (*cmd) {
        if (isspace(*cmd)) {
            *cmd++ = 0;
            n++;
            arg[n] = cmd;
            if (n == TOKEN_MAX) {
                ALOGE("too many arguments\n");
                goto done;
            }
        }
        if (*cmd) {
          // 计算参数个数
          cmd++;
        }
    }
    // 根据命令名称匹配命令数组cmds中命令
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(cmds) / sizeof(cmds[0]); i++) {
         // 命令名称比较
        if (!strcmp(cmds[i].name,arg[0])) {
             // 判断该命令的参数个数是否满足要求
            if (n != cmds[i].numargs) {
                // 参数不匹配,直接返回
                ALOGE("%s requires %d arguments (%d given)\n",
                     cmds[i].name, cmds[i].numargs, n);
            } else {
                // 执行相应的命令
                ret = cmds[i].func(arg + 1, reply);
            }
            goto done;
        }
    }
    ALOGE("unsupported command '%s'\n", arg[0]);

done:
    // 格式化返回结果
    if (reply[0]) {
        n = snprintf(cmd, BUFFER_MAX, "%d %s", ret, reply);
    } else {
        n = snprintf(cmd, BUFFER_MAX, "%d", ret);
    }
    if (n > BUFFER_MAX) n = BUFFER_MAX;
     // 返回结果数据长度
    count = n;

    // ALOGI("reply: '%s'\n", cmd);
    // 写结果数据长度
    if (writex(s, &count, sizeof(count))) return -1;
      // 写结果数据
    if (writex(s, cmd, count)) return -1;
    return 0;
}

(五)、总结

PMS启动过程中使用了Installer的多个方法。Android APK的安装和卸载主要是由Installer和Installd完成的。Installer是Java层提供的Java API接口,Installd则是init进程启动的Daemon Service。Installer与Installd通过Socket通信,Installer是Socket的Client端,Installd则是Socket的Server端。通过Socket通信,将Installer的API调用转化为Installd中具体命令,这种转化关系通过cmds[]数组配置和映射。Installer和Installd的关系如图所示:


APK安装流程详解5——Installer、InstallerConnection和Installd守护进程_第3张图片
image.png

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