最近为了升级曾经用Django做的网站，决定升级修改下架构，而且在当今Rest风格API的架构正在一步步的***到各个公司的API设计中，那Django这个框架呢？当然也会例外。
现在现在以相对比较好用的rest framework做个demo:
环境：ubuntu, mysql, python, django, django-rest-framework
在开始创建项目之前，我们用virtualenv先搭建一个新的虚拟环境，这样会确保我们的包配置很好的从正在工作的其他项目中隔离,在这里里面你可以做任何你想做的，而且可以共享系统中已安装的组件，只需要安装本项目特有的组件，是一个很好用的"沙盒"：
virtualenv env source env/bin/activate #激活当前虚拟环境
在任何时候想要退出虚拟环境，只需要输入：
deactivate
安装django
(env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local$pip install django Downloading/unpackingdjango Downloading Django-1.9.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl(6.6MB): 6.6MB downloaded Installing collectedpackages: django Successfullyinstalled django Cleaning up...
安装djangorestframework
(env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local$pip install djangorestframework Downloading/unpackingdjangorestframework Downloadingdjangorestframework-3.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (705kB): 0% 4.1k Downloading djangorestframework-3.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl(705kB): 1% 8.2k Downloading djangorestframework-3.4.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (705kB): 1% 12kB ……….. loaded Installing collectedpackages: djangorestframework Successfullyinstalled djangorestframework Cleaning up... (env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local$
安装markdown - 让API可浏览
(env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local$pip install django
安装django-filter - 过滤器
(env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local$pip install django-filter
安装MySqL:
(env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local$sudo apt-get install mysql-server Reading packagelists... Done Building dependencytree Reading stateinformation... Done The following extrapackages will be installed: libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perllibhtml-template-perl libmysqlclient18 libterm-readkey-perl mysql-client-5.5mysql-client-core-5.5 mysql-common mysql-server-5.5 mysql-server-core-5.5 Suggested packages: libmldbm-perl libnet-daemon-perllibplrpc-perl libsql-statement-perl libipc-sharedcache-perl tinyca mailx The following NEWpackages will be installed: libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perllibhtml-template-perl libmysqlclient18 libterm-readkey-perl mysql-client-5.5mysql-client-core-5.5 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.5mysql-server-core-5.5 0 upgraded, 11 newlyinstalled, 0 to remove and 24 not upgraded. Need to get 99.3kB/9,594 kB of archives. After thisoperation, 97.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
安装成功后验证：
(env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local$mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQLmonitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQLconnection id is 44 Server version:5.5.50-0ubuntu0.14.04.1 (Ubuntu) Copyright (c) 2000,2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is aregistered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Othernames may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h'for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
现在开始创建项目
django-admin.py startproject resttest
创建Web API.
cd resttest python manage.py startapp testapi cd ..
第一次同步数据库
(env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local/resttest$python manage.py migrate Operations toperform: Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes,auth, sessions Running migrations: Rendering model states... DONE Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applyingadmin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK Applyingcontenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK Applyingauth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK Applyingauth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK Applyingauth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK Applyingauth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK Applyingauth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK Applyingauth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK (env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local/resttest$
为我们的项目初始化一个管理员：
(env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local/resttest$python manage.py createsuperuser Username (leaveblank to use 'lybing'): Email address:[email protected] Password: Password (again): Superuser createdsuccessfully. (env)bing@ubuntu:/usr/local/resttest$
Serializers - 数据的展示模块: resttest/testapi/serializers.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import serializers
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
fields = ('url', 'name')
备注：这里我们使用hyperlinked关联，同样你可以用主键或其他各种其他关系，但是hyperlinking是一个很好的RESTful设计
Views : resttest/testapi/views.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from testapi.serializers import UserSerializer, GroupSerializer
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
与其写多个view倒不如将一些有相同行为的view分组叫ViewSets，如果有需有需要，我们可以很容易的拆成单独的view，但是使用viewsets保持view逻辑便于组织也非常简明.
配置API Url：resttest/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from testapi import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
# 用自动url路由来连接我们的API
# 另外，包含我们登录用的可浏览的API的url
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
设置：resttest/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework',
)
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES':('rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser',),
'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}
启动服务端测试
python manage.py runserver
未登录的页面
点击右上角的Log in登录，用户名和密码在是上面初始化的管理员
如要添加新的用户则可以在下面输入数据，直接点击Post即可
