2018-08-15

1.鎻忚堪璁＄畻鏈虹殑缁勬垚鍙婂叾鍔熻兘

锛堜竴锛夎绠楁満鐨勭粍鎴�/p>

1.CPU

2.CPU椋庢墖

3.BIOS

4.鍐呭瓨

5.纭洏

6.涓绘澘

7.鏄惧崱

8.鐢垫簮

9.缃戝崱

10.鏈虹

11.鍏夐┍

12.鏄剧ず鍣�/p>

13.閿洏

14.榧犳爣

锛堜簩锛夊姛鑳�/p>

1.CPU 涓ぎ澶勭悊鍣�/p>

CPU (Central Processing Unit)涓ぎ澶勭悊鍣細鐩稿綋 浜庝汉浣撶殑澶ц剳銆傜敱鎺у埗鍣�(Control)鍜屄疯繍绠楀櫒(Arithmetic Logic Unit)缁勬垚 銆傚畠鐨勪富瑕佸姛鑳芥槸璐熻矗璁＄畻鏈鸿繍绠楀拰鎺у埗銆傚畠鍐冲畾璁＄畻鏈虹殑宸ヤ綔閫熷害鍜屾晥鐜囥�傛瘮璁＄畻鏈轰腑鐨勪换浣曢儴浠堕兘鑳藉喅瀹氳绠楁満鐨勯�熷害鍜屾晥鐜囥�傛槸璁＄畻鏈烘渶閲嶇殑閮ㄤ欢銆�/p>

2.椋庢墖

cpu椋庢墖锛氫富瑕佺殑浣滅敤灏辨槸涓篶pu闄嶆俯銆傝嫢娓╁害杩囬珮 浼氬鑷磋绠楁満姝绘満锛屾垨鑰�b>閲嶅惎銆傛墍浠ュ畠涔熸槸璁＄畻鏈烘瘮杞噸瑕佺殑閮ㄤ欢涔嬩竴銆�/p>

3.BIOS

bios锛�/b>(Basic Input Output System)锛氬熀鏈緭鍏ヨ緭鍑虹郴缁燂紝璐熻矗涓绘澘閫氱數鍚庡悇閮ㄤ欢鑷锛岃缃紝淇濆瓨銆傚緟涓�鍒囨甯稿悗鎵嶈兘鍚姩绯荤粺銆�/p>

4.鍐呭瓨

聽鍐呭瓨鍙堝彨鍐呴儴瀛樺偍鍣紙RAM锛夛細灞炰簬鐢靛瓙寮忓瓨鍌ㄨ澶囷紝瀹冪敱鐢佃矾鏉垮拰鑺墖缁勬垚锛岀壒鐐规槸浣撶Н灏忥紝閫熷害蹇紝鏈夌數鍙瓨锛屾棤鐢垫竻绌猴紝鍗崇數鑴戝湪寮�鏈虹姸鎬佹椂鍐呭瓨涓彲瀛樺偍鏁版嵁锛屽叧鏈哄悗灏嗚嚜鍔ㄦ竻绌哄叾涓殑鎵�鏈夋暟鎹�傚唴瀛樻槸涓存椂瀛樺偍鍣紝瀹冩槸CPU鍜岀鐩樹箣闂寸殑缂撳啿璁惧銆備竴鑸▼搴忚繍琛岀殑鏃跺�欎細琚皟鍒板唴瀛樹腑鎵ц锛屾湇鍔″叧闂垨绋嬪簭鍏抽棴涔嬪悗锛屾暟鎹細鑷姩浠庡唴瀛樹腑閲婃斁鎺夈��/p>

5.纭洏

聽纭洏锛圚ardDisk锛夛細瀹冩槸姘镐箙瀛樻斁鏁版嵁鐨勫瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆傜鐩樹笂涔熸槸鏈夌紦瀛樼殑 銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑纾佺洏鏈�5鑻卞鐨勶紙IDE ,SAS ,SATA,SCSI锛夌‖鐩橈紝浣嗕粬浠兘灞炰簬鏈烘纭洏銆傝鍙栨�ц兘涓嶉珮锛屾瘮璧峰唴瀛樿宸緢澶氥�傜幇鍦ㄦ渶娴佽涓�绉嶅浐鎬佺鐩橈紙SSD锛�,瀹冩槸鐢靛瓙锛岃鍙栨�ц兘 閮芥瘮杈冮珮锛屼絾浠锋牸杈冭吹銆�/p>

6.涓绘澘

涓绘澘锛屽張鍙富鏈烘澘(mainboard)銆佺郴缁熸澘(systemboard)鎴栨瘝鏉�(motherboard)锛屽畠瀹夎鍦ㄦ満绠卞唴锛屾槸寰満鏈�鍩烘湰鐨勪篃鏄渶閲嶈鐨勯儴浠朵箣涓�銆備富鏉挎槸鐢佃剳涓悇涓儴浠跺伐浣滅殑涓�涓钩鍙帮紝瀹冩妸鐢佃剳鐨勫悇涓儴浠剁揣瀵嗚繛鎺ュ湪涓�璧凤紝鍚勪釜閮ㄤ欢閫氳繃涓绘澘杩涜鏁版嵁浼犺緭銆備篃灏辨槸璇达紝鐢佃剳涓噸瑕佺殑聽鈥滀氦閫氭灑绾解��/b>聽閮藉湪涓绘澘涓婏紝瀹冨伐浣滅殑绋冲畾鎬у奖鍝嶇潃鏁存満宸ヤ綔鐨勭ǔ瀹氭�� 銆�/p>

7.鏄惧崱

鏄惧崱鍦ㄥ伐浣滄椂涓庢樉绀哄櫒閰嶅悎杈撳嚭鍥惧舰锛屾枃瀛楋紝鍏朵綔鐢ㄦ槸璐熻矗灏咰PU閫佹潵鐨勬暟瀛椾俊鍙疯浆鎹㈡垚鏄剧ず鍣ㄨ瘑鍒殑妯℃嫙淇″彿锛屼紶閫佸埌鏄剧ず鍣ㄤ笂鏄剧ず鍑烘潵銆� 涓�鑸帺娓告垙锛屽仛澶ф暟鎹鐞嗚姹傛樉鍗＄殑鎬ц兘瑕佸ソ涓�鐐癸紝鏄惧崱涓婁篃鏈夌紦瀛樸��/p>

8.缃戝崱

鍏呭綋璁＄畻鏈轰笌缃戠嚎涔嬮棿鐨勬ˉ姊侊紝鏄粍鎴愪竴涓畬鏁寸綉缁滈噸瑕佺殑閮ㄤ欢銆�/p>

9.鐢垫簮

缁欒绠楁満鎻愪緵鑳芥簮鐨勮缃��/p>

10.鏈虹

鐢ㄦ潵鎶婁富鏉匡紝鐢垫簮锛岀‖鐩橈紝鍏夐┍绛夌‖浠惰澶囩粍瑁呭湪涓�璧风殑涓�涓搧鐩掑瓙銆�/p>

11.鍏夐┍

鍏夐┍鏄敤鏉ヨ鍙栧厜鐩樹腑鐨勮澶�,鍏夌洏涓哄彧璇诲閮ㄥ瓨鍌ㄨ澶囥��/p>

12.鏄剧ず鍣�/p>

鏄妸鐢佃剳澶勭悊瀹岀殑缁撴灉鏄剧ず鍑烘潵.瀹冩槸涓�涓緭鍑鸿澶囷紝鏄數鑴戝繀涓嶅彲缂哄皯鐨勯儴浠朵箣涓�銆�/p>

13.閿洏

聽涓烘彁渚涚敤鎴疯緭鍏ユ暟鎹��/p>

14.榧犳爣

涓虹敤鎴锋彁渚涙搷浣滃姛鑳姐��/p>

2.Linux鍙戣鐗堬紝涓嶅悓鍙戣鐗堜箣闂寸殑鍖哄埆

Linux 涓昏浣滀负Linux鍙戣鐗堬紙閫氬父琚О涓�"distro"锛夌殑涓�閮ㄥ垎鑰屼娇鐢ㄣ�傝繖浜涘彂琛岀増鐢变釜浜猴紝鏉炬暎缁勭粐鐨勫洟闃燂紝浠ュ強鍟嗕笟鏈烘瀯鍜屽織鎰胯�呯粍缁囩紪鍐欍�傚畠浠�氬父鍖呮嫭浜嗗叾浠栫殑绯荤粺杞欢鍜屽簲鐢ㄨ蒋浠讹紝浠ュ強涓�涓敤鏉ョ畝鍖栫郴缁熷垵濮嬪畨瑁呯殑瀹夎宸ュ叿锛屽拰璁╄蒋浠跺畨瑁呭崌绾х殑闆嗘垚绠＄悊鍣ㄣ�傚ぇ澶氭暟绯荤粺杩樺寘鎷簡鍍忔彁渚汫UI鐣岄潰鐨刋Free86涔嬬被鐨勬浘缁忚繍琛屼簬BSD鐨勭▼搴忋�備竴涓吀鍨嬬殑Linux鍙戣鐗堝寘鎷細Linux鍐呮牳锛屼竴浜汫NU绋嬪簭搴撳拰宸ュ叿锛屽懡浠よshell锛屽浘褰㈢晫闈㈢殑X Window绯荤粺鍜岀浉搴旂殑妗岄潰鐜锛屽KDE鎴朑NOME锛屽苟鍖呭惈鏁板崈绉嶄粠鍔炲叕濂椾欢锛岀紪璇戝櫒锛屾枃鏈紪杈戝櫒鍒扮瀛﹀伐鍏风殑搴旂敤杞欢銆�/p>

绠�浠嬶細

聽聽聽聽聽鍙戣鐗堜负璁稿涓嶅悓鐨勭洰鐨勮�屽埗浣�, 鍖呮嫭瀵逛笉鍚岃绠楁満缁撴瀯鐨勬敮鎸�, 瀵逛竴涓叿浣撳尯鍩熸垨璇█鐨勬湰鍦板寲锛屽疄鏃跺簲鐢紝鍜屽祵鍏ュ紡绯荤粺锛岀敋鑷宠澶氱増鏈晠鎰忓湴鍙姞鍏ュ厤璐硅蒋浠躲�傚凡缁忔湁瓒呰繃涓夌櫨涓彂琛岀増琚Н鏋佺殑寮�鍙戯紝鏈�鏅亶琚娇鐢ㄧ殑鍙戣鐗堟湁澶х害鍗佷簩涓��/p>

鏉ュ巻锛�/b>

Linux鏄竴涓癁鐢熶簬缃戠粶銆佹垚闀夸簬缃戠粶涓旀垚鐔熶簬缃戠粶鐨勫鐗圭殑鎿嶄綔绯荤粺銆�91骞达紝鑺叞澶у鐢烲inus Torvalds钀屽彂浜嗗紑鍙戜竴涓嚜鐢辩殑UNIX鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鐨勬兂娉曪紝褰撳勾锛孡inux灏辫癁鐢熶簡锛屼负浜嗕笉璁╄繖涓窘姣涙湭涓扮殑鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鐭㈡姌锛孡inus灏嗚嚜宸茬殑浣滃搧Linux閫氳繃Internet鍙戝竷銆備粠姝や竴澶ф壒鐭ュ悕鐨勩�佷笉鐭ュ悕鐨勭數鑴戦粦瀹€�佺紪绋嬩汉鍛樺姞鍏ュ埌寮�鍙戣繃绋嬩腑鏉ワ紝Linux閫愭笎鎴愰暱璧锋潵銆�/p>

Linux涓�寮�濮嬫槸瑕佹眰鎵�鏈夌殑婧愮爜蹇呴』鍏紑锛屽苟涓斾换浣曚汉鍧囦笉寰椾粠Linux浜ゆ槗涓幏鍒┿�傜劧鑰岃繖绉嶇函绮圭殑鑷敱杞欢鐨勭悊鎯冲浜嶭inux鐨勬櫘鍙婂拰鍙戝睍鏄笉鍒╃殑锛屼簬鏄疞inux寮�濮嬭浆鍚慓PL锛屾垚涓篏NU闃佃惀涓殑涓昏涓�鍛樸��/p>

Linux鍑�熶紭绉�鐨勮璁★紝涓嶅嚒鐨勬�ц兘锛屽姞涓奍BM銆両NTEL銆丆A銆丆ORE銆丱RACLE绛夊浗闄呯煡鍚嶄紒涓氱殑澶у姏鏀寔锛屽競鍦轰唤棰濋�愭鎵╁ぇ锛岄�愭笎鎴愪负涓绘祦鎿嶄綔绯荤粺涔嬩竴銆�/p>

鍙戣鐗堟渶娴佽鐨�涓細

Fedora Core

Fedora Core锛堣嚜绗竷鐗堢洿鎺ユ洿鍚嶄负Fedora锛夋槸浼楀 Linux 鍙戣鐗堜箣涓�銆傚畠鏄竴濂椾粠Red Hat Linux鍙戝睍鍑烘潵鐨勫厤璐筁inux绯荤粺銆侳edora Core 鐨勫墠韬氨鏄疪ed Hat Linux銆侳edora鏄竴涓紑鏀剧殑銆佸垱鏂扮殑銆佸墠鐬绘�х殑鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鍜屽钩鍙帮紝鍩轰簬Linux銆傚畠鍏佽浠讳綍浜鸿嚜鐢卞湴浣跨敤銆佷慨鏀瑰拰閲嶅彂甯冿紝鏃犺鐜板湪杩樻槸灏嗘潵銆傚畠鐢变竴涓己澶х殑绀剧兢寮�鍙戯紝杩欎釜绀剧兢鐨勬垚鍛樹互鑷繁鐨勪笉鎳堝姫鍔涳紝鎻愪緵骞剁淮鎶よ嚜鐢便�佸紑鏀炬簮鐮佺殑杞欢鍜屽紑鏀剧殑鏍囧噯銆侳edora 椤圭洰鐢� Fedora 鍩洪噾浼氱鐞嗗拰鎺у埗锛屽緱鍒颁簡 Red Hat, Inc. 鐨勬敮鎸併�侳edora 鏄竴涓嫭绔嬬殑鎿嶄綔绯荤粺锛屾槸Linux鐨勪竴涓彂琛岀増锛屽彲杩愯鐨勪綋绯荤粨鏋勫寘鎷� x86(鍗砳386-i686), x86_64 鍜� PowerPC銆�/p>

Linux鐗堟湰Debian

Debian Project璇炵敓浜�93骞��鏃ワ紝瀹冪殑鐩爣鏄彁渚涗竴涓ǔ瀹氬閿欑殑Linux鐗堟湰銆傛敮鎸丏ebian鐨勪笉鏄煇瀹跺叕鍙革紝鑰屾槸璁稿鍦ㄥ叾鏀硅繘杩囩▼涓姇鍏ヤ簡澶ч噺鏃堕棿鐨勫紑鍙戜汉鍛橈紝杩欑鏀硅繘鍚稿彇浜嗘棭鏈烲inux鐨勭粡楠屻��/p>

Debian浠ュ叾绋冲畾鎬ц憲绉帮紝铏界劧瀹冪殑鏃╂湡鐗堟湰Slink鏈変竴浜涢棶棰橈紝浣嗘槸瀹冪殑鐜版湁鐗堟湰Potato宸茬粡鐩稿綋绋冲畾浜嗐�傝繖涓増鏈洿澶氱殑浣跨敤浜� pluggable authentication modules (PAM)锛岀患鍚堜簡涓�浜涙洿鏄撲簬澶勭悊鐨勯渶瑕佽璇佺殑杞欢锛堝winbind for Samba锛夈��/p>

Debian鐨勫畨瑁呭畬鍏ㄦ槸鍩轰簬鏂囨湰鐨勶紝瀵逛簬鍏舵湰韬潵璇磋繖涓嶆槸涓�浠跺潖浜嬨�備絾瀵逛簬鍒濈骇鐢ㄦ埛鏉ヨ鍗村苟闈炶繖鏍枫�傚洜涓哄畠浠呬粎浣跨敤fdisk 浣滀负鍒嗗尯宸ュ叿鑰屾病鏈夎嚜鍔ㄥ垎鍖哄姛鑳斤紝鎵�浠ュ畠鐨勭鐩樺垎鍖鸿繃绋嬩护浜哄崄鍒嗚鍘屻�傜鐩樿缃畬姣曞悗锛岃蒋浠跺伐鍏峰寘鐨勯�夋嫨閫氳繃涓�涓悕涓篸select鐨勫伐鍏峰疄鐜帮紝浣嗗畠涓嶅悜鐢ㄦ埛鎻愪緵瀹夎鍩烘湰宸ュ叿缁勶紙濡傚紑鍙戝伐鍏凤級鐨勭畝鏄撹缃楠ゃ�傛渶鍚庨渶瑕佷娇鐢╝nXious宸ュ叿閰嶇疆X Windows锛岃繖涓繃绋嬩笌鍏朵粬鐗堟湰鐨刋 Windows閰嶇疆杩囩▼绫讳技銆傚畬鎴愯繖浜涢厤缃悗锛孌ebian灏卞彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄤ簡銆�/p>

Debian涓昏閫氳繃鍩轰簬Web鐨勮鍧涘拰閭欢鍒楄〃鏉ユ彁渚涙妧鏈敮鎸併�備綔涓烘湇鍔″櫒骞冲彴锛孌ebian鎻愪緵涓�涓ǔ瀹氱殑鐜銆備负浜嗕繚璇佸畠鐨勭ǔ瀹氭�э紝寮�鍙戣�呬笉浼氬湪鍏朵腑闅忔剰娣诲姞鏂版妧鏈紝鑰屾槸閫氳繃澶氭娴嬭瘯涔嬪悗鎵嶉�夊畾鍚堥�傜殑鎶�鏈姞鍏ャ�傚綋鍓嶆渶鏂版寮忕増鏈槸Debian 6锛岄噰鐢ㄧ殑鍐呮牳鏄疞inux 2.6.32銆侱ebian 6 绗竴娆″寘鍚簡涓�涓�0%寮�婧愮殑Linux鍐呮牳锛岃繖涓唴鏍镐腑涓嶅啀鍖呭惈浠讳綍闂簮鐨勭‖浠堕┍鍔ㄣ�傛墍鏈夌殑闂簮杞欢閮借闅旂鎴愬崟鐙殑杞欢鍖咃紝鏀惧埌Debian杞欢婧愮殑 "non-free" 閮ㄥ垎銆傜敱姝わ紝Debian鐢ㄦ埛渚垮彲浠ヨ嚜鐢卞湴閫夋嫨鏄娇鐢ㄤ竴涓畬鍏ㄥ紑婧愮殑绯荤粺杩樻槸娣诲姞涓�浜涢棴婧愰┍鍔ㄣ�俒1]

Linux鐗堟湰Mandrake

MandrakeSoft锛孡inux Mandrake鐨勫彂琛屽晢锛屽湪1998骞寸敱涓�涓帹宕嘗inux鐨勫皬缁勫垱绔嬶紝瀹冪殑鐩爣鏄敖閲忚宸ヤ綔鍙樺緱鏇寸畝鍗曘�傛渶缁堬紝Mandrake缁欎汉浠彁渚涗簡涓�涓紭绉�鐨勫浘褰㈠畨瑁呯晫闈紝瀹冪殑鏈�鏂扮増鏈繕鍖呭惈浜嗚澶歀inux杞欢鍖呫��/p>

浣滀负Red Hat Linux鐨勪竴涓垎鏀紝Mandrake灏嗚嚜宸卞畾浣嶅湪妗岄潰甯傚満鐨勬渶浣矻inux鐗堟湰涓娿�備絾璇ュ叕鍙歌繕鏄敮鎸佹湇鍔″櫒涓婄殑瀹夎锛岃�屼笖鎴愮哗骞朵笉鍧忋�侻andrake鐨勫畨瑁呴潪甯哥畝鍗曟槑浜嗭紝涓哄垵绾х敤鎴疯缃簡绠�鍗曠殑瀹夎閫夐」銆傚畠瀹屽叏浣跨敤GUI鐣岄潰锛岃繕涓虹鐩樺垎鍖哄埗浣滀簡涓�涓�傚悎鍚勭被鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭畝鍗旼UI鐣岄潰銆傝蒋浠跺寘鐨勯�夋嫨闈炲父鏍囧噯锛屽彟澶栬繕鏈夊杞欢缁勫拰鍗曚釜宸ュ叿鍖呯殑閫夐」銆傚畨瑁呭畬姣曞悗锛岀敤鎴峰彧闇�閲嶅惎绯荤粺骞剁櫥褰曡繘鍏ュ嵆鍙��/p>

Mandrake涓昏閫氳繃閭欢鍒楄〃鍜孧andrak 鑷繁鐨刉eb璁哄潧鎻愪緵鎶�鏈敮鎸併�侻andrak瀵规闈㈢敤鎴锋潵璇存槸涓�涓潪甯镐笉閿欑殑閫夋嫨锛屽畠杩樺彲浣滀负涓�娆句紭绉�鐨勬湇鍔″櫒绯荤粺锛屽挨鍏堕�傚悎Linux鏂版墜浣跨敤銆傚畠浣跨敤鏈�鏂扮増鏈殑鍐呮牳锛屾嫢鏈夎澶氱敤鎴烽渶瑕佸湪Linux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ幆澧冧腑浣跨敤鐨勮蒋浠垛�斺�旀暟鎹簱鍜學eb鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ��/p>

Mandrak娌℃湁閲嶅ぇ鐨勮蒋浠剁己闄凤紝鍙槸瀹冩洿鍔犲叧娉ㄦ闈㈠競鍦猴紝杈冨皯鍏虫敞鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ競鍦恒��/p>

Linux鐗堟湰Ubuntu

Ubuntu鏄竴涓互妗岄潰搴旂敤涓轰富鐨凩inux鎿嶄綔绯荤粺锛屽叾鍚嶇О鏉ヨ嚜闈炴床鍗楅儴绁栭瞾璇垨璞惃璇殑鈥渦buntu鈥濅竴璇嶏紙璇戜负鍚惧府鎵樻垨涔岀彮鍥撅級锛屾剰鎬濇槸鈥滀汉鎬р�濄�佲�滄垜鐨勫瓨鍦ㄦ槸鍥犱负澶у鐨勫瓨鍦ㄢ�濓紝鏄潪娲蹭紶缁熺殑涓�绉嶄环鍊艰锛岀被浼煎崕浜虹ぞ浼氱殑鈥滀粊鐖扁�濇�濇兂銆俇buntu鍩轰簬Debian鍙戣鐗堝拰unity妗岄潰鐜锛屼笌Debian鐨勪笉鍚屽湪浜庡畠姣�湀浼氬彂甯冧竴涓柊鐗堟湰銆俇buntu鐨勭洰鏍囧湪浜庝负涓�鑸敤鎴锋彁渚涗竴涓渶鏂扮殑銆佸悓鏃跺張鐩稿綋绋冲畾鐨勪富瑕佺敱鑷敱杞欢鏋勫缓鑰屾垚鐨勬搷浣滅郴缁熴�俇buntu鍏锋湁搴炲ぇ鐨勭ぞ鍖哄姏閲忥紝鐢ㄦ埛鍙互鏂逛究鍦颁粠绀惧尯鑾峰緱甯姪銆傞殢鐫�浜戣绠楃殑娴佽锛寀buntu鎺ㄥ嚭浜嗕竴涓簯璁＄畻鐜鎼缓鐨勮В鍐虫柟妗堬紝鍙互鍦ㄥ叾瀹樻柟缃戠珯鎵惧埌鐩稿叧淇℃伅銆備簬2012骞��鏃ュ彂甯冩渶缁堢増ubuntu 12.04锛寀buntu 12.04鏄暱鏈熸敮鎸佺殑鐗堟湰銆�/p>

Linux鐗堟湰Red Hat Linux

鍙兘杩欐槸鏈�钁楀悕鐨凩inux鐗堟湰浜嗭紝Red Hat Linux宸茬粡鍒涢�犱簡鑷繁鐨勫搧鐗岋紝瓒婃潵瓒婂鐨勪汉鍚杩囧畠銆俁ed Hat鍦�94骞村垱涓氾紝褰撴椂鑱樼敤浜嗗叏涓栫晫500澶氬悕鍛樺伐锛屼粬浠兘鑷村姏浜庡紑鏀剧殑婧愪唬鐮佷綋绯汇��/p>

Red Hat Linux鏄叕鍏辩幆澧冧腑琛ㄧ幇涓婁匠鐨勬湇鍔″櫒銆傚畠鎷ユ湁鑷繁鐨勫叕鍙革紝鑳藉悜鐢ㄦ埛鎻愪緵涓�濂楀畬鏁寸殑鏈嶅姟锛岃繖浣垮緱瀹冪壒鍒�傚悎鍦ㄥ叕鍏辩綉缁滀腑浣跨敤銆傝繖涓増鏈殑Linux涔熶娇鐢ㄦ渶鏂扮殑鍐呮牳锛岃繕鎷ユ湁澶у鏁颁汉閮介渶瑕佷娇鐢ㄧ殑涓讳綋杞欢鍖呫��/p>

Red Hat Linux鐨勫畨瑁呰繃绋嬩篃鍗佸垎绠�鍗曟槑浜嗐�傚畠鐨勫浘褰㈠畨瑁呰繃绋嬫彁渚涚畝鏄撹缃湇鍔″櫒鐨勫叏閮ㄤ俊鎭�傜鐩樺垎鍖鸿繃绋嬪彲浠ヨ嚜鍔ㄥ畬鎴愶紝杩樺彲浠ラ�夋嫨GUI宸ュ叿瀹屾垚锛屽嵆浣垮浜� Linux鏂版墜鏉ヨ杩欎簺閮介潪甯哥畝鍗曘�傞�夋嫨杞欢鍖呯殑杩囩▼涔熶笌鍏朵粬鐗堟湰绫讳技锛涚敤鎴峰彲浠ラ�夋嫨杞欢鍖呯绫绘垨鐗规畩鐨勮蒋浠跺寘銆傜郴缁熻繍琛岃捣鏉ュ悗锛岀敤鎴峰彲浠ヤ粠Web绔欑偣鍜� Red Hat閭ｉ噷寰楀埌鍏呭垎鐨勬妧鏈敮鎸併�傛垜鍙戠幇Red Hat鏄竴涓鍚堝ぇ浼楅渶姹傜殑鏈�浼樼増鏈�傚湪鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ拰妗岄潰绯荤粺涓畠閮藉伐浣滃緱寰堝ソ銆俁ed Hat鐨勫敮涓�缂洪櫡鏄甫鏈変竴浜涗笉鏍囧噯鐨勫唴鏍歌ˉ涓侊紝杩欎娇寰楀畠闅句簬鎸夌敤鎴风殑闇�姹傝繘琛屽畾鍒躲�� Red Hat閫氳繃璁哄潧鍜岄偖浠跺垪琛ㄦ彁渚涘箍娉涚殑鎶�鏈敮鎸侊紝瀹冭繕鏈夎嚜宸卞叕鍙哥殑鐢佃瘽鎶�鏈敮鎸侊紝鍚庤�呭瑕佹眰鏇撮珮鎶�鏈敮鎸佹按骞崇殑闆嗗洟瀹㈡埛鏇存湁鍚稿紩鍔涖��/p>

Linux鐗堟湰SuSE

鎬婚儴璁惧湪寰峰浗鐨凷uSE AG鍦ㄥ晢鐣屽凡缁忓鏂椾簡8骞村锛屽畠涓�鐩磋嚧鍔涗簬鍒涘缓涓�涓繛鎺ユ暟鎹簱鐨勬渶浣矻inux鐗堟湰銆備负浜嗗疄鐜拌繖涓�鐩殑锛孲uSE涓嶰racle 鍜孖BM鍚堜綔锛屼互浣夸粬浠殑浜у搧鑳界ǔ瀹氬湴宸ヤ綔銆係uSE杩樺紑鍙戜簡SuSE Linux eMail Server III锛屼竴涓潪甯哥ǔ瀹氱殑鐢靛瓙閭欢缇ょ粍搴旂敤銆�/p>

鍩轰簬2.4.10鍐呮牳鐨凷uSE 7.3锛屽湪鍘熸湁鐗堟湰鐨勫熀纭�涓婃彁楂樹簡鏄撶敤鎬с�傚畨瑁呰繃绋嬮�氳繃GUI瀹屾垚锛岀鐩樺垎鍖鸿繃绋嬩篃闈炲父绠�鍗曪紝浣嗗畠娌℃湁涓虹敤鎴锋彁渚涙洿澶氱殑鎺у埗鍜岄�夋嫨銆�/p>

鍦⊿uSE 鎿嶄綔绯荤粺涓嬶紝鍙互闈炲父鏂逛究鍦拌闂甒indows纾佺洏锛岃繖浣垮緱涓ょ骞冲彴涔嬮棿鐨勫垏鎹紝浠ュ強浣跨敤鍙岀郴缁熷惎鍔ㄥ彉寰楁洿瀹规槗銆係uSE鐨勭‖浠舵娴嬮潪甯镐紭绉�锛岃鐗堟湰鍦ㄦ湇鍔″櫒鍜屽伐浣滅珯涓婇兘鐢ㄥ緱寰堝ソ銆�/p>

SuSE鎷ユ湁鐣岄潰鍙嬪ソ鐨勫畨瑁呰繃绋嬶紝杩樻湁鍥惧舰绠＄悊宸ュ叿锛屽彲鏂逛究鍦拌闂甒indows纾佺洏锛屽浜庣粓绔敤鎴峰拰绠＄悊鍛樻潵璇翠娇鐢ㄥ畠鍚屾牱鏂逛究锛岃繖浣垮畠鎴愪负浜嗕竴涓己澶х殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ钩鍙般�� SuSE涔熼�氳繃鍩轰簬Web鐨勮鍧涙彁渚涙妧鏈敮鎸侊紝鍙﹀鎴戣繕鍙戠幇瀹冩湁鐢佃瘽鎶�鏈敮鎸併��/p>

Linux鐗堟湰Linux Mint

Linux Mint鏄竴浠藉熀浜嶶buntu鐨勫彂琛岀増锛屽叾鐩爣鏄彁渚涗竴绉嶆洿瀹屾暣鐨勫嵆鍒诲彲鐢ㄤ綋楠岋紝杩欏寘鎷彁渚涙祻瑙堝櫒鎻掍欢銆佸濯掍綋缂栬В鐮佸櫒銆佸DVD鎾斁鐨勬敮鎸併�丣ava鍜屽叾浠栫粍浠躲�傚畠涓嶶buntu杞欢浠撳簱鍏煎銆侺inux Mint 鏄竴涓负pc鍜孹86鐢佃剳璁捐鐨勬搷浣滅郴缁熴��/p>

鍥犳锛屼竴涓彲浠ヨ窇寰楀姩Windows鐨勭數鑴戜篃鍙互浣跨敤Linux Mint鏉ヤ唬鏇縒indows锛屾垨鑰呬袱涓兘璺戙�傛棦鏈塛indows鍙堟湁Linux鐨勭郴缁熷氨鏄紶璇翠腑鐨勨�滃弻绯荤粺鈥濄�傚悓鏍凤紝MAC锛孊SD鎴栬�呭叾浠栫殑Linux鐗堟湰涔熷彲浠ュ拰Linux Mint 鍏卞瓨銆備竴鍙拌鏈夊绯荤粺鐨勭數鑴戝湪寮�鏈虹殑鏃跺�欎細鍑虹幇涓�涓緵浣犻�夋嫨鎿嶄綔绯荤粺鐨勮彍鍗曘�侺inux Mint鍙互寰堝ソ鐨勫湪涓�涓崟绯荤粺鐨勭數鑴戜笂杩愯锛屼絾鏄畠涔熷彲浠ヨ嚜鍔ㄦ娴嬪叾浠栨搷浣滅郴缁熷苟涓庡叾浜掑姩锛屼緥濡傦紝濡傛灉浣犲畨瑁匧inux Mint鍦ㄤ竴涓畨瑁呬簡Windows鐗堟湰鐨勶紙xp锛寁ista鎴栬�呭叾浠栫増鏈級锛屽畠浼氳嚜鍔ㄦ娴嬪苟寤虹珛鍙屽惎鍔ㄤ互渚涙偍鍦ㄥ紑鏈虹殑鏃跺�欓�夋嫨鍚姩鍝釜绯荤粺銆傚苟涓斾綘鍙互鍦↙inux Mint涓嬭闂甒indows鍒嗗尯銆侺inux鏄洿瀹夊叏锛屾洿绋冲畾锛屾洿鏈夋晥骞朵笖鏃ョ泭鏄撲簬鎿嶄綔鐨勭敋鑷冲彲浠ュ拰Windows鐩稿缇庣殑绯荤粺锛屽畠瓒婃潵瓒婅浜烘劅鍒伴毦浠ユ妷鎷╀簡銆�/p>

Linux鐗堟湰Gentoo

Gentoo鏄疞inux涓栫晫鏈�骞磋交鐨勫彂琛岀増鏈紝姝ｅ洜涓哄勾杞伙紝鎵�浠ヨ兘鍚稿彇鍦ㄥス涔嬪墠鐨勬墍鏈夊彂琛岀増鏈殑浼樼偣銆侴entoo鏈�鍒濈敱Daniel Robbins锛團reeBSD鐨勫紑鍙戣�呬箣涓�锛夊垱寤猴紝棣栦釜绋冲畾鐗堟湰鍙戝竷浜�02骞淬�傜敱浜庡紑鍙戣�呭FreeBSD鐨勭啛璇嗭紝鎵�浠entoo鎷ユ湁濯茬編FreeBSD鐨勫箍鍙楃編瑾夌殑ports绯荤粺 鈥斺�擯ortage鍖呯鐞嗙郴缁熴��/p>

Linux鐗堟湰centos

CentOS锛圕ommunity ENTerprise Operating System锛夋槸Linux鍙戣鐗堜箣涓�锛屽畠鏄潵鑷簬Red Hat Enterprise Linux渚濈収寮�鏀炬簮浠ｇ爜瑙勫畾閲婂嚭鐨勬簮浠ｇ爜鎵�缂栬瘧鑰屾垚銆傜敱浜庡嚭鑷悓鏍风殑婧愪唬鐮侊紝鍥犳鏈変簺瑕佹眰楂樺害绋冲畾鎬х殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ互CentOS鏇夸唬鍟嗕笟鐗堢殑Red Hat Enterprise Linux浣跨敤銆備袱鑰呯殑涓嶅悓锛屽湪浜嶤entOS骞朵笉鍖呭惈灏侀棴婧愪唬鐮佽蒋浠�,CentOS 鏄竴涓熀浜嶳ed Hat Linux 鎻愪緵鐨勫彲鑷敱浣跨敤婧愪唬鐮佺殑浼佷笟绾inux鍙戣鐗堟湰銆傛瘡涓増鏈殑 CentOS閮戒細鑾峰緱鍗佸勾鐨勬敮鎸侊紙閫氳繃瀹夊叏鏇存柊鏂瑰紡锛夈�傛柊鐗堟湰鐨� CentOS 澶х害姣忎袱骞村彂琛屼竴娆★紝鑰屾瘡涓増鏈殑 CentOS 浼氬畾鏈燂紙澶ф姣忓叚涓湀锛夋洿鏂颁竴娆★紝浠ヤ究鏀寔鏂扮殑纭欢銆傝繖鏍凤紝寤虹珛涓�涓畨鍏ㄣ�佷綆缁存姢銆佺ǔ瀹氥�侀珮棰勬祴鎬с�侀珮閲嶅鎬х殑 Linux 鐜銆侰entOS鏄疌ommunity Enterprise Operating System鐨勭缉鍐欍��/p>

CentOS 鏄疪HEL锛圧ed Hat Enterprise Linux锛夋簮浠ｇ爜鍐嶇紪璇戠殑浜х墿锛岃�屼笖鍦≧HEL鐨勫熀纭�涓婁慨姝ｄ簡涓嶅皯宸茬煡鐨� Bug 锛岀浉瀵逛簬鍏朵粬 Linux 鍙戣鐗堬紝鍏剁ǔ瀹氭�у�煎緱淇¤禆銆�/p>

RHEL 鍦ㄥ彂琛岀殑鏃跺�欙紝鏈変袱绉嶆柟寮忋�備竴绉嶆槸浜岃繘鍒剁殑鍙戣鏂瑰紡锛屽彟澶栦竴绉嶆槸婧愪唬鐮佺殑鍙戣鏂瑰紡銆�/p>

鍖哄埆锛�/b>

銆�Redhat锛屽簲璇ョО涓篟edhat绯诲垪锛屽寘鎷琑HEL(Redhat Enterprise Linux锛屼篃灏辨槸鎵�璋撶殑Redhat Advance Server鏀惰垂鐗堟湰)銆丗edoraCore(鐢卞師鏉ョ殑Redhat妗岄潰鐗堟湰鍙戝睍鑰屾潵锛屽厤璐圭増鏈�)銆丆entOS(RHEL鐨勭ぞ鍖哄厠闅嗙増鏈紝鍏嶈垂)銆俁edhat搴旇璇存槸鍦ㄥ浗鍐呬娇鐢ㄤ汉缇ゆ渶澶氱殑Linux鐗堟湰锛岀敋鑷虫湁浜哄皢Redhat绛夊悓浜嶭inux锛岃�屾湁浜涜�侀笩鏇存槸鍙敤杩欎竴涓増鏈殑Linux銆傛墍浠ヨ繖涓増鏈殑鐗圭偣灏辨槸浣跨敤浜虹兢鏁伴噺澶э紝璧勬枡闈炲父澶氾紝瑷�涓嬩箣鎰忓氨鏄鏋滀綘鏈変粈涔堜笉鏄庣櫧鐨勫湴鏂癸紝寰堝鏄撴壘鍒颁汉鏉ラ棶锛岃�屼笖缃戜笂鐨勪竴鑸琇inux鏁欑▼閮芥槸浠edhat涓轰緥鏉ヨ瑙ｇ殑銆俁edhat绯诲垪鐨勫寘绠＄悊鏂瑰紡閲囩敤鐨勬槸鍩轰簬RPM鍖呯殑YUM鍖呯鐞嗘柟寮忥紝鍖呭垎鍙戞柟寮忔槸缂栬瘧濂界殑浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠躲�傜ǔ瀹氭�ф柟闈HEL鍜孋entOS鐨勭ǔ瀹氭�ч潪甯稿ソ锛岄�傚悎浜庢湇鍔″櫒浣跨敤锛屼絾鏄疐edora Core鐨勭ǔ瀹氭�ц緝宸紝鏈�濂藉彧鐢ㄤ簬妗岄潰搴旂敤銆�/p>

聽聽聽聽聽 Debian锛屾垨鑰呯ОDebian绯诲垪锛屽寘鎷珼ebian鍜孶buntu绛夈�侱ebian鏄ぞ鍖虹被Linux鐨勫吀鑼冿紝鏄縿浠婁负姝㈡渶閬靛惊GNU瑙勮寖鐨凩inux绯荤粺銆侱ebian鏈�鏃╃敱Ian Murdock浜�93骞村垱寤猴紝鍒嗕负涓変釜鐗堟湰鍒嗘敮锛坆ranch锛夛細 stable, testing鍜寀nstable銆傚叾涓紝unstable涓烘渶鏂扮殑娴嬭瘯鐗堟湰锛屽叾涓寘鎷渶鏂扮殑杞欢鍖咃紝浣嗘槸涔熸湁鐩稿杈冨鐨刡ug锛岄�傚悎妗岄潰鐢ㄦ埛銆倀esting鐨勭増鏈兘缁忚繃unstable涓殑娴嬭瘯锛岀浉瀵硅緝涓虹ǔ瀹氾紝涔熸敮鎸佷簡涓嶅皯鏂版妧鏈紙姣斿SMP绛夛級銆傝�宻table涓�鑸彧鐢ㄤ簬鏈嶅姟鍣紝涓婇潰鐨勮蒋浠跺寘澶ч儴鍒嗛兘姣旇緝杩囨椂锛屼絾鏄ǔ瀹氬拰瀹夊叏鎬ч兘闈炲父鐨勯珮銆侱ebian鏈�鍏风壒鑹茬殑鏄痑pt-get /dpkg鍖呯鐞嗘柟寮忥紝鍏跺疄Redhat鐨刌UM涔熸槸鍦ㄦā浠緿ebian鐨凙PT鏂瑰紡锛屼絾鍦ㄤ簩杩涘埗鏂囦欢鍙戣鏂瑰紡涓紝APT搴旇鏄渶濂界殑浜嗐�侱ebian鐨勮祫鏂欎篃寰堜赴瀵岋紝鏈夊緢澶氭敮鎸佺殑绀惧尯锛屾湁闂姹傛暀涔熸湁鍦版柟鍙幓銆�/p>

聽聽聽聽聽 Ubuntu涓ユ牸鏉ヨ涓嶈兘绠椾竴涓嫭绔嬬殑鍙戣鐗堟湰锛孶buntu鏄熀浜嶥ebian鐨剈nstable鐗堟湰鍔犲己鑰屾潵锛屽彲浠ヨ繖涔堣Ubuntu灏辨槸涓�涓嫢鏈塂ebian鎵�鏈夌殑浼樼偣锛屼互鍙婅嚜宸辨墍鍔犲己鐨勪紭鐐圭殑杩戜箮瀹岀編鐨凩inux妗岄潰绯荤粺銆傛牴鎹�夋嫨鐨勬闈㈢郴缁熶笉鍚岋紝鏈夊涓増鏈彲渚涢�夋嫨锛屾瘮濡傚熀浜巙nity鐨刄buntu锛屽熀浜嶨nome鐨刄buntu Gnome锛屽熀浜嶬DE鐨凨ubuntu锛屽熀浜嶭XDE鐨凩ubuntu浠ュ強鍩轰簬Xfce鐨刋ubuntu绛夈�傜壒鐐规槸鐣岄潰闈炲父鍙嬪ソ锛屽鏄撲笂鎵嬶紝瀵圭‖浠剁殑鏀寔闈炲父鍏ㄩ潰锛屾槸鏈�閫傚悎鍋氭闈㈢郴缁熺殑Linux鍙戣鐗堟湰銆�/p>

聽聽聽聽聽聽 Gentoo锛屼紵澶х殑Gentoo鏄疞inux涓栫晫鏈�骞磋交鐨勫彂琛岀増鏈紝姝ｅ洜涓哄勾杞伙紝鎵�浠ヨ兘鍚稿彇鍦ㄥス涔嬪墠鐨勬墍鏈夊彂琛岀増鏈殑浼樼偣锛岃繖涔熸槸Gentoo琚О涓烘渶瀹岀編鐨凩inux鍙戣鐗堟湰鐨勫師鍥犱箣涓�銆�/p>

聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 FreeBSD锛岄渶瑕佸己璋冪殑鏄細FreeBSD骞朵笉鏄竴涓狶inux绯荤粺锛佷絾FreeBSD涓嶭inux鐨勭敤鎴风兢鏈夌浉褰撲竴閮ㄥ垎鏄噸鍚堢殑锛屼簩鑰呮敮鎸佺殑纭欢鐜涔熸瘮杈冧竴鑷达紝鎵�閲囩敤鐨勮蒋浠朵篃姣旇緝绫讳技锛屾墍浠ュ彲浠ュ皢FreeBSD瑙嗕负涓�涓狶inux鐗堟湰鏉ユ瘮杈冦��/p>

FreeBSD鎷ユ湁涓や釜鍒嗘敮锛歴table鍜宑urrent銆傞【鍚嶆�濅箟锛宻table鏄ǔ瀹氱増锛岃�宑urrent鍒欐槸娣诲姞浜嗘柊鎶�鏈殑娴嬭瘯鐗堛�侳reeBSD閲囩敤Ports鍖呯鐞嗙郴缁燂紝涓嶨entoo绫讳技锛屽熀浜庢簮浠ｇ爜鍒嗗彂锛屽繀椤诲湪鏈湴鏈哄櫒缂栧悗鍚庢墠鑳借繍琛岋紝浣嗘槸Ports绯荤粺娌℃湁Portage绯荤粺浣跨敤绠�渚匡紝浣跨敤璧锋潵绋嶅井澶嶆潅涓�浜涖�侳reeBSD鐨勬渶澶х壒鐐瑰氨鏄ǔ瀹氬拰楂樻晥锛屾槸浣滀负鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ搷浣滅郴缁熺殑鏈�浣抽�夋嫨锛屼絾瀵圭‖浠剁殑鏀寔娌℃湁Linux瀹屽锛屾墍浠ュ苟涓嶉�傚悎浣滀负妗岄潰绯荤粺銆�/p>

涓嬮潰缁欎负閫夋嫨涓�涓狶inux鍙戣鐗堟湰鐘剚鐨勬湅鍙嬩竴浜涘缓璁細

濡傛灉浣犲彧鏄渶瑕佷竴涓闈㈢郴缁燂紝鑰屼笖鏃笉鎯充娇鐢ㄧ洍鐗堬紝鍙堜笉鎯宠姳澶ч噺鐨勯挶璐拱鍟嗕笟杞欢锛岄偅涔堜綘灏遍渶瑕佷竴娆鹃�傚悎妗岄潰浣跨敤鐨凩inux鍙戣鐗堟湰浜嗭紝濡傛灉浣犱笉鎯宠嚜宸卞畾鍒朵换浣曚笢瑗匡紝涓嶆兂鍦ㄧ郴缁熶笂娴垂澶鏃堕棿锛岄偅涔堝緢绠�鍗曪紝浣犲氨鏍规嵁鑷繁鐨勭埍濂藉湪ubuntu銆乲ubuntu浠ュ強xubuntu涓�変竴娆惧惂锛屼笁鑰呯殑鍖哄埆浠呬粎鏄闈㈢▼搴忕殑涓嶄竴鏍枫��/p>

濡傛灉浣犻渶瑕佷竴涓闈㈢郴缁燂紝鑰屼笖杩樻兂闈炲父鐏垫椿鐨勫畾鍒惰嚜宸辩殑Linux绯荤粺锛屾兂璁╄嚜宸辩殑鏈哄櫒璺戝緱鏇存锛屼笉浠嬫剰鍦↙inux绯荤粺瀹夎鏂归潰娴垂涓�鐐规椂闂达紝閭ｄ箞浣犵殑鍞竴閫夋嫨灏辨槸Gentoo锛屽敖鎯呬韩鍙桮entoo甯︽潵鐨勮嚜鐢卞揩鎰熷惂锛�/p>

濡傛灉浣犻渶瑕佺殑鏄竴涓湇鍔″櫒绯荤粺锛岃�屼笖浣犲凡缁忛潪甯稿帉鐑﹀悇绉峀inux鐨勯厤缃紝鍙槸鎯宠涓�涓瘮杈冪ǔ瀹氱殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ郴缁熻�屽凡锛岄偅涔堜綘鏈�濂界殑閫夋嫨灏辨槸CentOS浜嗭紝瀹夎瀹屾垚鍚庯紝缁忚繃绠�鍗曠殑閰嶇疆灏辫兘鎻愪緵闈炲父绋冲畾鐨勬湇鍔′簡銆�/p>

濡傛灉浣犻渶瑕佺殑鏄竴涓潥濡傜鐭崇殑闈炲父绋冲畾鐨勬湇鍔″櫒绯荤粺锛岄偅涔堜綘鐨勫敮涓�閫夋嫨灏辨槸FreeBSD銆�/p>

濡傛灉浣犻渶瑕佷竴涓ǔ瀹氱殑鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ郴缁燂紝鑰屼笖鎯虫繁鍏ユ懜绱竴涓婰inux鐨勫悇涓柟闈㈢殑鐭ヨ瘑锛屾兂鑷繁瀹氬埗璁稿鍐呭锛岄偅涔堟垜鎺ㄨ崘浣犱娇鐢℅entoo銆�/p>

鐗堟湰涔嬮棿鐨勮仈绯伙細

聽鍩轰簬Debian

1锛孉damantix锛氬熀浜嶥ebian锛岀壒鍒叧娉ㄥ畨鍏ㄣ��/p>

2锛孉mber Linux锛氬熀浜嶥ebian锛岄拡瀵规媺鑴辩淮浜氱敤鎴蜂綔浜嗕竴浜涘畾鍒躲��/p>

3锛孉SLinux Desktop锛氳タ鐝墮璇紝鍩轰簬Debian涓嶬DE锛岄拡瀵瑰悇绉嶆闈㈢敤閫旓紝鍖呮嫭瀹剁敤銆佸姙鍏�佹暀鑲层�佹父鎴忋�佺瀛︺�佽蒋浠跺紑鍙戯紝鏈�澶х殑鍗栫偣鍦ㄤ簬鍏朵赴瀵岀殑鍙敤鎬с��/p>

4锛孊2D Linux锛氬熀浜嶥ebian锛屽笇鏈涘彲浠ョ敱鈥滃仛涓鈥濇潵浜х敓涓�涓皬鑰岀編鐨勪腑鏂嘗inux鍖呯殑璁″垝銆�/p>

5锛孌ebian GNU/Linux锛氱敱澶ф壒绀惧尯蹇楁効鑰呮敹闆嗙殑鍖呫�侱ebian鎷ユ湁搴炲ぇ鐨勮蒋浠跺寘鍙緵閫夋嫨锛�000涓互涓婏級锛屾敮鎸佸ぇ閲忕殑纭欢骞冲彴(12涓绠楁満绯荤粺缁撴瀯)銆備互鍓嶈鍖呭洜涓哄畨瑁呭洶闅惧彈鍒拌矗闅撅紝浣嗘渶鏂扮殑鐗堟湰鍏峰浜嗙畝鍗曟槗鐢ㄧ殑鏂囨湰寮忓畨瑁呯幆澧冦�傞潪鑷敱杞欢涓嶄細鍖呭惈鍦―ebian鐨勪富瑕佽蒋浠跺寘涓��/p>

6锛孏uadalinex锛氱敱瑗跨彮鐗欑殑瀹夎揪鍗㈣タ浜氬湴鏂规斂搴滄帹鍔紝鍩轰簬Debian锛岄拡瀵硅タ鐝墮璇殑瀹跺涵鐢ㄦ埛浠ュ強瀛︽牎銆�/p>

7锛孠noppix锛氱涓�寮燚ebian鐨勮嚜鍚姩杩愯鍏夌洏銆傚寘鍚殑杞欢闈炲父澶氾紝鍚姩鏃朵細鑷姩杩涜纭欢鐩戞祴銆備粠4.0璧凤紝鐢―VD浣滃厜鐩樸��/p>

浠ヤ笅鍩轰簬Knoppix锛�/p>

Gnoppix锛欿noppix鐨凣NOME鐗堬紝璇ュ寘鍙戣鍛ㄦ湡杈冮暱锛屾湭鏉ヤ細璺烾buntu杩涜闆嗘垚銆�/p>

Kanotix锛氳嚜鍚姩杩愯鍏夌洏锛屽熀浜嶬noppix锛屼篃鍙互瀹夎鍒扮‖鐩樹笂銆傛湁寰堝ソ鐨勭‖浠舵敮鎸侊紝妗岄潰涓庣瑪璁版湰鐢佃剳鐨勯泦鎴愪篃寰堝嚭鑹层��/p>

Kurumin锛氶拡瀵瑰反瑗跨敤鎴风殑Knoppix銆�/p>

8锛孡inEx锛氱敱瑗跨彮鐗欑殑鍩冩柉鐗归浄椹潨鎷夊湴鏂规斂搴滄帹鍔ㄧ殑鍖呫��/p>

9锛孡oco Linux锛氬熀浜嶥ebian鐨勯樋鏍瑰环Linux銆�/p>

10锛孧EPIS: 鍩轰簬Debian鐨勬闈㈠拰鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ��/p>

11锛孯ays Linux锛堝崕闀級锛氬熀浜嶥ebian锛岄拡瀵逛簹娲插競鍦猴紝鐢辨柊鍗庣鎶�锛堝崡浜級绯荤粺杞欢鏈夐檺鍏徃寮�鍙戙��/p>

12锛孲kolelinux锛氬湪鎸▉鍙戣捣锛屾棬鍦ㄦ墦閫犻�傚悎浜庡鏍＄殑杞讳究鍖呫��/p>

13锛孲ymphony OS锛氬熀浜嶥ebian锛屼笌浼椾笉鍚屽湴閲囩敤Mezzo妗岄潰銆�/p>

14锛孶buntu锛氬鍒濆鑰呰�岃█鏈�鏄撶敤鐨凩inux鍖呫�傜敱Canonical鏈夐檺鍏徃璧炲姪锛屽熀浜嶥ebian锛屼娇鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑杞欢鍖呭簱锛屼笌Debian鐨勬湁鎵�涓嶅悓锛屾棬鍦ㄥ紑鍙戝嚭鏇村姞鍙嬪ソ鐨勬闈紝宸茬粡鍙栧緱浜嗚壇濂界殑澹拌獕銆�/p>

15锛學dlinux鏄熀浜嶤entOS绮剧畝鐨勫畾鍒剁増鏈�,鏄拡瀵箇eb鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑搴旂敤鑰岀簿绠�鐨�.鍚屾椂瀹夎鍋氫簡浜涜嚜鍔ㄥ寲瀹夎鐨勫鐞�,杈惧埌鏇存槗浜庡畨瑁呭拰浣跨敤.

浠ヤ笅鍩轰簬Ubuntu锛�/p>

Ubuntu Kylin锛氫腑鍥藉畾鍒舵湰鍦板寲鐨剈buntu鍙戣鐗�/p>

LinuxMint锛氬熀浜嶶buntu鐨勫彂琛岀増锛屼汉姘斿緢楂橈紝鏄洰鍓嶆帓琛屾涓婄涓夊悕鐨勫彂琛岀増銆�/p>

Edubuntu锛氭槸Ubuntu鐨勬暀鑲插彂琛岀増銆�/p>

Hiweed锛氬熀浜嶶buntu锛屼娇鐢╔fce妗岄潰鐜鐨勮交閲忕骇涓枃鍙戣鐗堛��x鐗堝熀浜嶥ebian锛堢幇宸叉敼鍚岲eepin锛夈��/p>

Kubuntu锛氫娇鐢↘DE妗岄潰鐜鐨刄buntu鍖呫��/p>

Lubuntu锛氫娇鐢↙XDE妗岄潰鐜鐨刄buntu鍖呫��/p>

PUD GNU/Linux锛氬熀浜嶶buntu鐨勫皬鍨婰inux锛屽彲瀹夎浜庡厜鐩樻垨256 MB浠ヤ笂鐨刄SB 闂瓨鐩樸��/p>

Xubuntu锛氫娇鐢╔fce妗岄潰鐜鐨刄buntu鍖呫��/p>

Linux鐗堟湰鍩轰簬RPM

1锛宎Linux锛氬師鍚峆eanut Linux锛岄拡瀵瑰搴敤鎴枫��/p>

2锛孉LT Linux锛氫笢娆х増鏈��/p>

3锛孉rk Linux锛氬己璋冩槗瀛︽槗鐢ㄣ��/p>

4锛孉SPLinux锛氭彁渚涗縿璇瓑涓滄璇█鐨勬敮鎸併��/p>

5锛孉sianux Server锛氱敱涓浗绾㈡棗銆佹棩鏈琈iracle銆侀煩鍥紿annsoft涓夊鑱斿悎寮�鍙戯紝涓昏甯傚満閽堝浜氭床鍦板尯锛屽涓�,鏂囥�佹棩鏂囥�侀煩鏂囩殑鏀寔姣旇緝濂姐��/p>

6锛孊lag Linux锛氫綋绉皬锛屼絾鍔熻兘杈冨銆�/p>

7锛孋aixa M谩gica锛氳憽钀勭墮璇殑Linux銆�/p>

8锛宑Aos Linux锛氱敱绀惧尯鍒涘缓鐨勫寘锛屽姛鑳介�氱敤銆佸煿妞嶇畝鍗曘��/p>

9锛孋entOS锛氱敱绀惧尯鏀寔鐨勫寘锛屾棬鍦�0%鍦颁笌Red Hat Linux浼佷笟鐗堝吋瀹癸紝浣嗕笉鍖呭惈Red Hat 鐨勫晢涓氳蒋浠躲��/p>

10锛孋obind锛氭闈€��/p>

11锛孋onectiva锛氫竴涓反瑗垮寘锛屾浘缁忔槸United Linux鐨勫垱寤烘垚鍛橈紝鐜板湪璇ュ叕鍙稿凡缁忓苟鍏ュ埌Mandriva Linux銆�/p>

12锛孍duLinux锛氱敤浜庢暀鑲茬殑鍖呫��/p>

13锛孎edora锛氬彲鐢ㄤ綔宸ヤ綔绔欍�佹闈互鍙婃湇鍔″櫒锛岀敱绾㈠附鍏徃鍙婂叾绀惧尯寮�鍙戙��/p>

14锛孡inux Mobile System锛氬熀浜嶧edora Core鐨勫寘锛岃璁℃垚浠嶶SB瀛樺偍璁惧鍚姩锛屾瘮濡俇鐩樸��/p>

15锛孡inpus Linux锛氭潵鑷彴婀惧巶鍟嗗彂琛岀殑Linux鐗堟湰銆傛槸涓�濂楅�氳繃LSB 3.1璁よ瘉銆丟B18030-2000缂栫爜妫�楠屾祴璇曞強鏀寔CNS11643涓枃鏍囧噯浜ゆ崲鐮佸叏瀛楀簱鐨凩inux妗岄潰鍨嬬郴缁熴�傚湪涓枃鏀寔鑳藉姏涓婅緝涓哄畬鍠勩��/p>

16锛孧agic Linux锛氫竴涓槗鐢ㄧ殑涓枃鍖呫��/p>

17锛孧andriva Linux锛氭渶鍒濇槸绾㈠附鐨勪竴涓彉绉嶏紝閽堝濂旇吘绾PU浣滀簡浼樺寲锛屽悗鏉ュ湪淇濇寔鍏煎鎬х殑鍚屾椂锛屾淳鐢熸垚涓烘洿鍙嬪ソ鐨勫寘銆侻andriva涓墍鏈夌殑杞欢浠嶇劧鍏嶈垂锛岃繕鏈夋椿璺冪殑绀惧尯鏀寔锛屽彟澶栭�氳繃娉ㄥ唽浠ュ強閿�鍞洅瑁呬骇鍝侊紝Mandriva杩樻彁渚涗紒涓氱骇鐨勬敮鎸佷笌鏈嶅姟锛岃繕鏈夐拡瀵逛粯璐圭敤鎴风殑淇变箰閮ㄣ��/p>

18锛孨ovell Linux Desktop锛氱敱浜嶯ovell鏀惰喘浜哠USE锛屼粬浠殑Linux浜у搧瀵瑰師鏉ョ殑鍖呮湁鎵�缁ф壙銆�/p>

19锛孭CLinuxOS锛氫竴涓槗鐢ㄧ殑鑷惎鍔ㄨ繍琛屽厜鐩橈紝浠ヨ壇濂界殑瑙傛劅钁楃О锛涚‖鐩樺畨瑁呬篃鍚屾牱杞昏�屾槗涓俱�傛渶鍒濆熀浜嶮andrake 9.2锛岃�屽悗PCLinuxOS閽堝妗岄潰鐢ㄦ埛锛屽紑濮嬭嚜宸辩殑寮�鍙戦亾璺�傚湪淇濈暀鍩轰簬RPM鍖呯殑鍚屾椂锛孭CLinuxOS鍒嚭蹇冭鍦颁娇鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑APT鍖呯鐞嗗伐鍏凤紙鍙桪ebian褰卞搷锛夛紝浣嗗浘褰㈠墠绔粛鐒剁敤鐨勬槸Synaptic銆�/p>

20锛孭CQLinux2004锛氱敱鍗板害鐨凱CQuest鏉傚織鐢熶骇锛屽熀浜嶧edora Core銆�/p>

21锛孭LD Linux锛氭潵鑷尝鍏扮殑鍖咃紝閽堝杈冮珮绾у埆鐨勭敤鎴凤紝姣擲lackware銆丟entoo鏇村姞鏄撶敤銆�/p>

22锛孮iLinux锛氭剰澶у埄鐢熶骇锛屽寘鎷闈㈢増銆佸厜鐩樿嚜鍚姩鐗堬紝杩樻湁鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ増銆侀珮绾ф湇鍔″櫒鐗堛��/p>

23锛岀孩鏃桳inux锛氱敱鍖椾含涓绾㈡棗杞欢鎶�鏈湁闄愬叕鍙稿紑鍙戯紝涓昏閽堝涓浗甯傚満銆�/p>

24锛孯ed Hat Enterprise Linux锛氱孩甯絃inux瀹舵棌涓敮涓�鐨勫晢涓氬垎鏀��/p>

25锛孲cientific Linux锛氱敱绾㈠附Linux浼佷笟鐗堬紝灏嗛伒寰狦PL鐨勮蒋浠堕噸鏂扮紪璇戣�屾垚銆�/p>

26锛孲USE/openSUSE锛氭潵鑷痉鍥斤紝鏄娲叉渶娴佽鐨勫寘涔嬩竴銆傝窡绾㈠附涓�鏍凤紝涔熷寘鎷ぇ閲忕殑杞欢锛岄渶瑕�犱互涓婄殑CD锛岀幇鍦ㄥ垯鐢ㄥ弻DVD銆傝繖涓寘鏈夌嫭鐗圭殑閰嶇疆宸ュ叿YaST銆備篃鏄疷nited Linux鐨勫垱绔嬭�呬箣涓�锛屽凡缁忚Novell鍏徃鏀惰喘銆俹penSUSE鏄竴涓柊鐨勭増鏈紝鍩轰簬绀惧尯锛屽畬鍏ㄥ紑婧愩��/p>

27锛孴infoil Hat Linux锛氬瀹夊叏鏍煎鍏虫敞鐨勫寘銆�/p>

28锛孴rustix锛氫笓娉ㄤ簬瀹夊叏涓庣ǔ瀹氭�х殑鍖呫��/p>

29锛孴urbo Linux锛氬湪浜氭床杈冩祦琛岀殑涓�涓寘锛屽熀浜嶳ed Hat锛屾槸United Linux鐨勬垚鍛樸��/p>

30锛孷ine Linux锛氬熀浜嶳ed Hat鐨勪竴涓棩鏈寘銆�/p>

31锛學hite Box Enterprise Linux锛氭剰鍦ㄥ吋瀹筊ed Hat浼佷笟鐗堢涓夌増銆�/p>

32锛孻ellow Dog锛氬熀浜嶳ed Hat锛岄拡瀵筆owerPC骞冲彴銆�/p>

33锛孻OPER锛�"Your Operating System"锛堜綘鐨勬搷浣滅郴缁燂級锛屾潵鑷柊瑗垮叞鐨勬闈㈠寘銆係lackware

Linux鐗堟湰鍏跺畠鎵撳寘鏂瑰紡鐨勫寘

1锛孉rchLinux锛氬熀浜嶬ISS鍘熷垯锛岄拡瀵筰686鐨凜PU鍋氫簡浼樺寲锛屼互.tar.xz鏍煎紡鎵撳寘骞剁敱鍖呯鐞嗗櫒杩涜璺熻釜缁存姢锛岀壒鍒�傚悎鍔ㄦ墜鑳藉姏寮虹殑linux鐢ㄦ埛銆�/p>

2锛孎oresight Linux锛氶噰鐢–onary鍖呯鐞嗙郴缁燂紝寮曞叆浜咷NOME涓殑璁稿鏈�鏂版妧鏈紝姣斿beagle銆乫-spot銆乭owl浠ュ強鏈�鏂扮殑hal绛夛紝杩欎釜鍖呭湪淇濇寔鏄撶敤鐨勫悓鏃讹紝鏇存敞閲嶉潻鏂般��/p>

3锛孏entoo锛氳繖涓寘閲囩敤鑷繁鐙壒鐨凱ortage鍖呯鐞嗙郴缁燂紝鍚稿紩浜嗚澶氱媯鐑埍濂借�呬互鍙婁笓涓氫汉澹紝寮鸿皟鑷繁缂栬瘧婧愮爜锛岃�屼笉鏄洿鎺ョ敤浜岃繘鍒跺寘锛岃繖鏍风▼搴忚繍琛岄�熷害鏇村揩銆�/p>

4锛孏oboLinux锛氭瀯寤轰簡鏂扮殑鏂囦欢绯荤粺锛屾瘮濡侴CC鏀惧湪/Programs/GCC/杩欐牱鐨勭洰褰曪紝涓轰簡璁╃郴缁熻兘鎵惧埌杩欎簺鏂囦欢锛屽湪/System/Links/Executables杩欐牱鐨勭洰褰曚笅褰掔粍锛岃繖鏍峰氨鍖呭惈浜�/Programs鐩綍涓嬫墍鏈夊彲鎵ц鏂囦欢鐨勭鍙烽摼鎺ャ��/p>

5锛孒eretix锛氫互鍓嶅彨鍋歊ubyX锛屽寘鐨勭鐞嗭紝鍖呮嫭鍖呯鐞嗭紝閮芥槸閫氳繃鐢盧uby鍐欑殑鑴氭湰鏉ュ畬鎴愶紝鎵�鏈夌殑鍖呴兘瀹夎鍦�/pkg鐩綍涓嬨��/p>

6锛孖mpiLinux锛屾潵鑷崡闈炵殑鍖咃紝涓昏閽堝闈炴床鐢ㄦ埛銆�/p>

7锛孞edi GNU/Linux锛氫娇鐢╢orce-get鍖呯鐞嗗櫒锛屽厑璁告簮鐮併�佷簩杩涘埗杞欢鍖呭叡瀛樸��/p>

8锛孡inux From Scratch锛氳繖鏄竴浠芥枃妗ｏ紝浠嬬粛濡備綍鑷繁鍔ㄦ墜锛屽浣曠櫧鎵嬭捣瀹剁紪璇戞墦閫犺嚜宸辩嫭涓�鏃犱簩鐨凩inux绯荤粺銆�/p>

9锛孡unar Linux锛屽熀浜庢簮鐮侊紝鐢盨orcerer GNU/Linux鎵�娲剧敓銆�/p>

10锛孧kLinux锛�"Microkernel Linux"鐨勭缉鍐欙紝鏃ㄥ湪灏哃inux绉绘鍒拌窇Mach寰牳鐨凱owerPC鏈哄櫒涓娿��/p>

11锛孫nebase Linux锛氶噰鐢∣LM鍖呯鐞嗗櫒锛屽浜岃繘鍒躲�佹簮鐮佽繘琛岀鐞嗐��/p>

12锛�i>Sabayon Linux锛氬熀浜嶨entoo锛屾潵鑷剰澶у埄銆�/p>

13锛孲orcerer GNULinux锛氬熀浜庢簮鐮併��/p>

14锛孲ource Mage GNU/Linux锛氫篃鏄熀浜庢簮鐮侊紝鐢盨orcerer GNU/Linux鎵�娲剧敓銆�/p>

15锛孶tuto锛氬熀浜嶨entoo锛屾潵鑷樋鏍瑰环銆�/p>

16锛孫pen Client锛氬熀浜嶳ed Hat Enterprise Linux锛屾潵鑷狪BM锛屾彁渚涙湁Fedora銆乁buntu銆丼LED鐨凩ayer銆傜粰鑰佹満鍣ㄨ鍒剁殑灏忓瀷鍖�/p>

3.Linux鐨勫摬瀛︽�濇兂

1.linux 绯荤粺閲屼竴鍒囩殕鏂囦欢銆傛妸鍑犱箮鎵�鏈夎祫婧愮粺缁熸娊璞′负鏂囦欢褰㈠紡锛屽寘鎷‖浠惰澶囷紝鐢氳嚦閫氫俊鎺ュ彛绛夈��/p>

Linux绯荤粺鎶婁竴鍒囩殑绯荤粺璧勬簮褰撳仛鏂囦欢鏉ョ鐞嗭紝鐢氳嚦杩炵‖浠舵湰韬篃鏄枃浠�/p>

2.鐢变紬澶氬姛鑳� 鍗曚竴鐨勭▼搴忕粍鎴愩�備竴涓皬绋嬪簭鍙仛涓�浠朵簨锛屽苟涓旇鍋氬ソ銆�/p>

Linux鍛戒护鏈夊緢澶氾紝鎬庝箞鎶婁笉鍚岀殑鍛戒护涓叉帴璧锋潵锛屾垨鑰呮妸涓嶅悓鐨勮剼鏈洿濂界殑鐩镐簰鍒╃敤璧锋潵锛屾槸Linux瀹屾垚澶嶆潅鐨勪换鍔＄殑鍏抽敭

3.灏介噺閬垮厤璺熺敤鎴蜂氦浜掋�傜洰鏍囦互缂栫▼鐨勬柟寮忓疄鐜拌嚜鍔ㄥ寲浠诲姟銆�/p>

4.浣跨敤鏂囨湰鏂囦欢淇濆瓨閰嶇疆淇℃伅銆�/p>

Linux鐢氳嚦杩炲紑鏈烘牱寮忛兘鑳介�氳繃profile.d鏉ラ厤缃紝寮�婧愮殑Linux

5.浠ヂ�.聽寮�澶寸殑鏂囦欢涓洪殣钘忔枃浠躲��/p>

Linux绯荤粺涓婂懡浠ょ殑浣跨敤鏍煎紡

command [options] [arguments]

command锛氬懡浠�/p>

options锛毬� --鍗曡瘝聽 鎴柭� -鍗曞瓧

濡傦細 ls --all

equ聽 聽 ls -a

ls -a -b -c

equ聽 聽 ls -abc

argument:鍙傛暟(妗ｆ鍚嶇О鎴栧叾浠�)

ifconfig

鍛戒护鏍煎紡锛�/p>

ifconfig [缃戠粶璁惧] [鍙傛暟]

鍛戒护鍔熻兘锛�/p>

ifconfig 鍛戒护鐢ㄦ潵鏌ョ湅鍜岄厤缃綉缁滆澶囥�傚綋缃戠粶鐜鍙戠敓鏀瑰彉鏃跺彲閫氳繃姝ゅ懡浠ゅ缃戠粶杩涜鐩稿簲鐨勯厤缃��/p>

鍛戒护鍙傛暟锛�/p>

up 鍚姩鎸囧畾缃戠粶璁惧/缃戝崱銆�/p>

down 鍏抽棴鎸囧畾缃戠粶璁惧/缃戝崱銆傝鍙傛暟鍙互鏈夋晥鍦伴樆姝㈤�氳繃鎸囧畾鎺ュ彛鐨処P淇℃伅娴侊紝濡傛灉鎯虫案涔呭湴鍏抽棴涓�涓帴鍙ｏ紝鎴戜滑杩橀渶瑕佷粠鏍稿績璺敱琛ㄤ腑灏嗚鎺ュ彛鐨勮矾鐢变俊鎭叏閮ㄥ垹闄ゃ��/p>

arp 璁剧疆鎸囧畾缃戝崱鏄惁鏀寔ARP鍗忚銆�/p>

-promisc 璁剧疆鏄惁鏀寔缃戝崱鐨刾romiscuous妯″紡锛屽鏋滈�夋嫨姝ゅ弬鏁帮紝缃戝崱灏嗘帴鏀剁綉缁滀腑鍙戠粰瀹冩墍鏈夌殑鏁版嵁鍖�/p>

-allmulti 璁剧疆鏄惁鏀寔澶氭挱妯″紡锛屽鏋滈�夋嫨姝ゅ弬鏁帮紝缃戝崱灏嗘帴鏀剁綉缁滀腑鎵�鏈夌殑澶氭挱鏁版嵁鍖�/p>

-a 鏄剧ず鍏ㄩ儴鎺ュ彛淇℃伅

-s 鏄剧ず鎽樿淇℃伅锛堢被浼间簬 netstat -i锛�/p>

add 缁欐寚瀹氱綉鍗￠厤缃甀Pv6鍦板潃

del 鍒犻櫎鎸囧畾缃戝崱鐨処Pv6鍦板潃

<纭欢鍦板潃> 閰嶇疆缃戝崱鏈�澶х殑浼犺緭鍗曞厓

mtu<瀛楄妭鏁�> 璁剧疆缃戝崱鐨勬渶澶т紶杈撳崟鍏� (bytes)

netmask<瀛愮綉鎺╃爜> 璁剧疆缃戝崱鐨勫瓙缃戞帺鐮併�傛帺鐮佸彲浠ユ槸鏈夊墠缂�0x鐨�浣嶅崄鍏繘鍒舵暟锛屼篃鍙互鏄敤鐐瑰垎寮�鐨�崄杩涘埗鏁般�傚鏋滀笉鎵撶畻灏嗙綉缁滃垎鎴愬瓙缃戯紝鍙互涓嶇杩欎竴閫夐」锛涘鏋滆浣跨敤瀛愮綉锛岄偅涔堣璁颁綇锛岀綉缁滀腑姣忎竴涓郴缁熷繀椤绘湁鐩稿悓瀛愮綉鎺╃爜銆�/p>

tunel 寤虹珛闅ч亾

dstaddr 璁惧畾涓�涓繙绔湴鍧�锛屽缓绔嬬偣瀵圭偣閫氫俊

-broadcast<鍦板潃> 涓烘寚瀹氱綉鍗¤缃箍鎾崗璁�/p>

-pointtopoint<鍦板潃> 涓虹綉鍗¤缃偣瀵圭偣閫氳鍗忚

multicast 涓虹綉鍗¤缃粍鎾爣蹇�/p>

address 涓虹綉鍗¤缃甀Pv4鍦板潃

txqueuelen<闀垮害> 涓虹綉鍗¤缃紶杈撳垪闃熺殑闀垮害

浣跨敤瀹炰緥锛�/p>

瀹炰緥1锛氭樉绀虹綉缁滆澶囦俊鎭紙婵�娲荤姸鎬佺殑锛�/p>

鍛戒护锛�/p>

ifconfig

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

璇存槑锛�/p>

eth0 琛ㄧず绗竴鍧楃綉鍗★紝 鍏朵腑 HWaddr 琛ㄧず缃戝崱鐨勭墿鐞嗗湴鍧�锛屽彲浠ョ湅鍒扮洰鍓嶈繖涓綉鍗＄殑鐗╃悊鍦板潃(MAC鍦板潃锛夋槸 00:50:56:BF:26:20

inet addr 鐢ㄦ潵琛ㄧず缃戝崱鐨処P鍦板潃锛屾缃戝崱鐨� IP鍦板潃鏄� 192.168.120.204锛屽箍鎾湴鍧�锛� Bcast:192.168.120.255锛屾帺鐮佸湴鍧�Mask:255.255.255.0

lo 鏄〃绀轰富鏈虹殑鍥炲潖鍦板潃锛岃繖涓竴鑸槸鐢ㄦ潵娴嬭瘯涓�涓綉缁滅▼搴忥紝浣嗗張涓嶆兂璁╁眬鍩熺綉鎴栧缃戠殑鐢ㄦ埛鑳藉鏌ョ湅锛屽彧鑳藉湪姝ゅ彴涓绘満涓婅繍琛屽拰鏌ョ湅鎵�鐢ㄧ殑缃戠粶鎺ュ彛銆傛瘮濡傛妸 HTTPD鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鎸囧畾鍒板洖鍧忓湴鍧�锛屽湪娴忚鍣ㄨ緭鍏� 127.0.0.1 灏辫兘鐪嬪埌浣犳墍鏋禬EB缃戠珯浜嗐�備絾鍙槸鎮ㄨ兘鐪嬪緱鍒帮紝灞�鍩熺綉鐨勫叾瀹冧富鏈烘垨鐢ㄦ埛鏃犱粠鐭ラ亾銆�/p>

绗竴琛岋細杩炴帴绫诲瀷锛欵thernet锛堜互澶綉锛塇Waddr锛堢‖浠秏ac鍦板潃锛�/p>

绗簩琛岋細缃戝崱鐨処P鍦板潃銆佸瓙缃戙�佹帺鐮�/p>

绗笁琛岋細UP锛堜唬琛ㄧ綉鍗″紑鍚姸鎬侊級RUNNING锛堜唬琛ㄧ綉鍗＄殑缃戠嚎琚帴涓婏級MULTICAST锛堟敮鎸佺粍鎾級MTU:1500锛堟渶澶т紶杈撳崟鍏冿級锛�00瀛楄妭

绗洓銆佷簲琛岋細鎺ユ敹銆佸彂閫佹暟鎹寘鎯呭喌缁熻

绗竷琛岋細鎺ユ敹銆佸彂閫佹暟鎹瓧鑺傛暟缁熻淇℃伅銆�/p>

瀹炰緥2锛氬惎鍔ㄥ叧闂寚瀹氱綉鍗�/p>

鍛戒护锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 up

ifconfig eth0 down

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

璇存槑锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 up 涓哄惎鍔ㄧ綉鍗th0 锛沬fconfig eth0 down 涓哄叧闂綉鍗th0銆俿sh鐧婚檰linux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ搷浣滆灏忓績锛屽叧闂簡灏变笉鑳藉紑鍚簡锛岄櫎闈炰綘鏈夊缃戝崱銆�/p>

瀹炰緥3锛氫负缃戝崱閰嶇疆鍜屽垹闄Pv6鍦板潃

鍛戒护锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 add 33ffe:3240:800:1005::2/64

ifconfig eth0 del 33ffe:3240:800:1005::2/64

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

璇存槑锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 add 33ffe:3240:800:1005::2/64 涓虹綉鍗th0閰嶇疆IPv6鍦板潃锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 add 33ffe:3240:800:1005::2/64 涓虹綉鍗th0鍒犻櫎IPv6鍦板潃锛�/p>

缁冧範鐨勬椂鍊欙紝ssh鐧婚檰linux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ搷浣滆灏忓績锛屽叧闂簡灏变笉鑳藉紑鍚簡锛岄櫎闈炰綘鏈夊缃戝崱銆�/p>

瀹炰緥4锛氱敤ifconfig淇敼MAC鍦板潃

鍛戒护锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:AA:BB:CC:DD:EE

瀹炰緥5锛氶厤缃甀P鍦板潃

鍛戒护锛�/p>

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56 netmask 255.255.255.0

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.120.255

璇存槑锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56

缁檈th0缃戝崱閰嶇疆IP鍦帮細192.168.120.56

ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56 netmask 255.255.255.0

缁檈th0缃戝崱閰嶇疆IP鍦板潃锛�2.168.120.56 锛屽苟鍔犱笂瀛愭帺鐮侊細255.255.255.0

ifconfig eth0 192.168.120.56 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.120.255

/缁檈th0缃戝崱閰嶇疆IP鍦板潃锛�2.168.120.56锛屽姞涓婂瓙鎺╃爜锛�5.255.255.0锛屽姞涓婁釜骞挎挱鍦板潃锛� 192.168.120.255

瀹炰緥6锛氬惎鐢ㄥ拰鍏抽棴ARP鍗忚

鍛戒护锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 arp

ifconfig eth0 -arp

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 arp

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 -arp

璇存槑锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 arp 寮�鍚綉鍗th0 鐨刟rp鍗忚锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 -arp 鍏抽棴缃戝崱eth0 鐨刟rp鍗忚锛�/p>

瀹炰緥7锛氳缃渶澶т紶杈撳崟鍏�/p>

鍛戒护锛�/p>

ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500

echo

鍔熻兘璇存槑锛氭樉绀烘枃瀛椼��/p>

璇� 銆� 娉曪細echo [-ne][瀛楃涓瞉鎴� echo [--help][--version]

琛ュ厖璇存槑锛歟cho浼氬皢杈撳叆鐨勫瓧绗︿覆閫佸線鏍囧噯杈撳嚭銆傝緭鍑虹殑瀛楃涓查棿浠ョ┖鐧藉瓧绗﹂殧寮�, 骞跺湪鏈�鍚庡姞涓婃崲琛屽彿銆�/p>

鍙傘��銆� 鏁帮細-n 涓嶈鍦ㄦ渶鍚庤嚜鍔ㄦ崲琛�/p>

-e 鑻ュ瓧绗︿覆涓嚭鐜颁互涓嬪瓧绗︼紝鍒欑壒鍒姞浠ュ鐞嗭紝鑰屼笉浼氬皢瀹冨綋鎴愪竴鑸�/p>

鏂囧瓧杈撳嚭锛�/p>

\a 鍙戝嚭璀﹀憡澹帮紱

\b 鍒犻櫎鍓嶄竴涓瓧绗︼紱

\c 鏈�鍚庝笉鍔犱笂鎹㈣绗﹀彿锛�/p>

\f 鎹㈣浣嗗厜鏍囦粛鏃у仠鐣欏湪鍘熸潵鐨勪綅缃紱

\n 鎹㈣涓斿厜鏍囩Щ鑷宠棣栵紱

\r 鍏夋爣绉昏嚦琛岄锛屼絾涓嶆崲琛岋紱

\t 鎻掑叆tab锛�/p>

\v 涓嶾f鐩稿悓锛�/p>

\ 鎻掑叆\瀛楃锛�/p>

\nnn 鎻掑叆nnn锛堝叓杩涘埗锛夋墍浠ｈ〃鐨凙SCII瀛楃锛�/p>

鈥揾elp 鏄剧ず甯姪

鈥搗ersion 鏄剧ず鐗堟湰淇℃伅

ECHO鍛戒护鏄ぇ瀹堕兘鐔熸倝鐨凞OS鎵瑰鐞嗗懡浠ょ殑涓�鏉″瓙鍛戒护锛屼絾瀹冪殑涓�浜涘姛鑳藉拰鐢ㄦ硶涔熻浣犲苟涓嶆槸鍏ㄩ兘鐭ラ亾锛屼笉淇′綘鐬э細

1锛� 浣滀负鎺у埗鎵瑰鐞嗗懡浠ゅ湪鎵ц鏃舵槸鍚︽樉绀哄懡浠よ鑷韩鐨勫紑鍏� 鏍煎紡锛欵CHO [ON|OFF] 濡傛灉鎯冲叧闂�淓CHO OFF鈥濆懡浠よ鑷韩鐨勬樉绀猴紝鍒欓渶瑕佸湪璇ュ懡浠よ鍓嶅姞涓娾�淍鈥濄��/p>

2锛� 鏄剧ず褰撳墠ECHO璁剧疆鐘舵�� 鏍煎紡锛欵CHO

3锛� 杈撳嚭鎻愮ず淇℃伅 鏍煎紡锛欵CHO淇℃伅鍐呭 涓婅堪鏄疎CHO鍛戒护甯歌鐨勪笁绉嶇敤娉曪紝涔熸槸澶у鐔熸倝鍜屼細鐢ㄧ殑锛屼絾浣滀负DOS鍛戒护娣橀噾鑰呬綘杩樺簲璇ョ煡閬撲笅闈㈢殑鎶�宸э細

4锛� 鍏抽棴DOS鍛戒护鎻愮ず绗� 鍦―OS鎻愮ず绗︾姸鎬佷笅閿叆ECHO OFF锛岃兘澶熷叧闂璂OS鎻愮ず绗︾殑鏄剧ず浣垮睆骞曞彧鐣欎笅鍏夋爣锛岀洿鑷抽敭鍏CHO ON锛屾彁绀虹鎵嶄細閲嶆柊鍑虹幇銆�/p>

5锛� 杈撳嚭绌鸿锛屽嵆鐩稿綋浜庤緭鍏ヤ竴涓洖杞� 鏍煎紡锛欵CHO锛� 鍊煎緱娉ㄦ剰鐨勬槸鍛戒护琛屼腑鐨勨�滐紟鈥濊绱ц窡鍦‥CHO鍚庨潰涓棿涓嶈兘鏈夌┖鏍硷紝鍚﹀垯鈥滐紟鈥濆皢琚綋浣滄彁绀轰俊鎭緭鍑哄埌灞忓箷銆傚彟澶栤�滐紟鈥濆彲浠ョ敤锛岋細锛涒�濓紡[/]锛嬬瓑浠讳竴绗﹀彿鏇夸唬銆� 鍦ㄤ笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙涓璄CHO锛庤緭鍑虹殑鍥炶溅锛岀粡DOS绠￠亾杞悜浣滀负TIME鍛戒护鐨勮緭鍏ワ紝鍗崇浉褰撲簬鍦═IME鍛戒护鎵ц鍚庣粰鍑轰竴涓洖杞︺�傛墍浠ユ墽琛屾椂绯荤粺浼氬湪鏄剧ず褰撳墠鏃堕棿鍚庯紝鑷姩杩斿洖鍒癉OS鎻愮ず绗︾姸鎬侊細 C:銆塃CHO.|TIME ECHO鍛戒护杈撳嚭绌鸿鐨勫彟涓�涓簲鐢ㄥ疄渚嬫槸锛氬皢ECHO锛庡姞鍦ㄨ嚜鍔ㄦ壒澶勭悊鏂囦欢涓紝浣垮師鏈湪灞忓箷涓嬫柟鏄剧ず鐨勬彁绀虹敾闈紝鍑虹幇鍦ㄥ睆骞曚笂鏂广��/p>

6锛� 绛斿鍛戒护涓殑鎻愰棶 鏍煎紡锛欵CHO绛斿璇瓅鍛戒护鏂囦欢鍚� 涓婅堪鏍煎紡鍙互鐢ㄤ簬绠�鍖栦竴浜涢渶瑕佷汉鏈哄璇濈殑鍛戒护锛堝锛欳HKDSK锛廎锛汧ORMAT Drive:锛沝el.锛夌殑鎿嶄綔锛屽畠鏄�氳繃DOS绠￠亾鍛戒护鎶奅CHO鍛戒护杈撳嚭鐨勯缃瓟澶嶈浣滀负浜烘満瀵硅瘽鍛戒护鐨勮緭鍏ャ�備笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙灏辩浉褰撲簬鍦ㄨ皟鐢ㄧ殑鍛戒护鍑虹幇浜烘満瀵硅瘽鏃惰緭鍏モ�淵鈥濆洖杞︼細 C:銆塃CHO Y|CHKDSK/F C:銆塃CHO Y|DEL A :.

7锛� 寤虹珛鏂版枃浠舵垨澧炲姞鏂囦欢鍐呭 鏍煎紡锛欵CHO 鏂囦欢鍐呭锛炴枃浠跺悕 ECHO 鏂囦欢鍐呭锛烇紴鏂囦欢鍚� 渚嬪锛欳:銆塃CHO @ECHO OFF銆堿UTOEXEC.BAT寤虹珛鑷姩鎵瑰鐞嗘枃浠� C:銆塃CHO C:/CPAV/BOOTSAFE銆夈�堿UTOEXEC.BAT鍚戣嚜鍔ㄦ壒澶勭悊鏂囦欢涓拷鍔犲唴瀹� C:TYPE AUTOEXEC.BAT鏄剧ず璇ヨ嚜鍔ㄦ壒澶勭悊鏂囦欢 @ECHO OFF C:/CPAV/BOOTSAFE

8锛� 鍚戞墦鍗版満杈撳嚭鎵撳嵃鍐呭鎴栨墦鍗版帶鍒剁爜 鏍煎紡锛欵CHO 鎵撳嵃鏈烘帶鍒剁爜锛濸RN ECHO 鎵撳嵃鍐呭锛濸RN 涓嬮潰鐨勪緥瀛愭槸鍚慚锛�24鎵撳嵃鏈鸿緭鍏ユ墦鍗版帶鍒剁爜銆傦紲Alt锛�6鏄寜浣廇lt閿湪灏忛敭鐩橀敭鍏�6锛岀被浼兼儏鍐典緷姝ょ被鎺細 C:銆塃CHO 銆圓lt銆�+156銆圓lt銆�+42銆圓lt銆�+116銆塒RN锛堣緭鍏ヤ笅鍒掔嚎鍛戒护FS锛妕锛� C:銆塃CHO 銆圓lt銆�+155@銆塒RN锛堣緭鍏ュ垵濮嬪寲鍛戒护ESC@锛� C:銆塃CHO.銆塒RN锛堟崲琛岋級

9锛� 浣垮枃鍙福鍝� C:銆塃CHO ^G 鈥淕鈥濇槸鐢–trl锛婫鎴朅lt锛�7杈撳叆锛岃緭鍏ュ涓狦鍙互浜х敓澶氬０楦ｅ搷銆備娇鐢ㄦ柟娉曟槸鐩存帴灏嗗叾鍔犲叆鎵瑰鐞嗘枃浠朵腑鎴栧仛鎴愭壒澶勭悊鏂囦欢璋冪敤銆�/p>

10锛庢墽琛孍SC鎺у埗搴忓垪淇敼灞忓箷鍜岄敭鐩樿缃� 鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾DOS鐨勮澶囬┍鍔ㄧ▼搴廇NSI.SYS鎻愪緵浜嗕竴濂楃敤鏉ヤ慨鏀瑰睆骞曞拰閿洏璁剧疆鐨凟SC鎺у埗搴忓垪銆傚鎵ц涓嬭堪鍐呭鐨勬壒澶勭悊绋嬪簭鍙互鎶婂姛鑳介敭F12瀹氫箟涓篋OS鍛戒护鈥淒IR锛廤鈥濓紝骞舵妸灞忓箷棰滆壊淇敼涓虹櫧鑹插瓧绗﹁摑鑹茶儗鏅�� @ECHO鈥濃啇[0;134;鈥滵IR/W鈥�13p @ECHO鈥濃啇[1;37;44m 锛堟敞锛氭壒澶勭悊鏂囦欢涓�溾啇鈥濆瓧绗︾殑杈撳叆鏂规硶鏄湪缂栬緫鐘舵�佷笅鎸堿lt涓皬閿洏涓婄殑27锛� DOS鍛戒护鏄帴瑙﹁绠楁満鐨勪汉棣栧厛瑕佸鍒扮殑锛屽璁稿浜烘潵璇存槸澶啛鎮夊お绠�鍗曚簡锛屽叾瀹炰笉鐒讹紝鍦ㄨ繖浜涘懡浠や腑钑磋棌鐫�涓板瘜鐨勫唴瀹癸紝浠嶆湁寰呬簬鎴戜滑杩涗竴姝ュ幓鐞嗚В鍘诲紑鍙戯紝濡傛灉浣犳槸涓�涓湁蹇冧汉灏变竴瀹氫細浠庤繖浜涜嚜浠ヤ负鐔熺煡鐨勫懡浠や腑鍙戠幇鏂扮殑闂厜鐐癸紝娣樺緱鐪熼噾銆�/p>

tty

鍔熻兘

鎵撳嵃杩炴帴鍒版爣鍑嗚緭鍏ョ殑缁堢鐨勬枃浠跺悕銆�/p>

鎻忚堪

鍛戒护椤癸細

-s, --silent, --quiet: 浠�涔堜篃涓嶆墦鍗帮紝鍙槸杩斿洖閫�鍑虹姸鎬佺爜銆�/p>

--help: 鎵撳嵃甯姪淇℃伅銆�/p>

--version: 鎵撳嵃鐗堟湰淇℃伅骞堕��鍑恒��/p>

杩斿洖鐨勭姸鎬佺爜锛�/p>

0 琛ㄧず鏍囧噯杈撳叆鏄竴涓粓绔��/p>

1 琛ㄧず鏍囧噯杈撳叆涓嶆槸涓�涓粓绔��/p>

2 琛ㄧず缁欏畾鐨勫弬鏁版槸涓嶆纭殑鍙傛暟銆�/p>

3 琛ㄧず鍙戠敓浜嗗啓閿欒銆�/p>

涓句緥

鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐨勬爣鍑嗙粓绔枃浠舵弿杩扮鍙凤細

[quietheart@lv-k etc]$ tty

/dev/pts/6

杩欓噷锛岃緭鍏ty涔嬪悗锛岃緭鍑�"/dev/pts/6"灏辨槸褰撳墠杩炴帴鐨勭粓绔搴旂殑鏂囦欢鎻忚堪绗﹀彿,鎴戜滑鍙互閫氳繃鍚戣繖涓枃浠讹紝杩欐牱浼氱湅鍒板綋鍓嶇粓绔細杈撳嚭鎴戜滑鍐欏叆鐨勬暟鎹紝渚嬪锛�/p>

[quietheart@lv-k etc]$ echo "mytest" >/dev/pts/6

mytest

鍙锛屽悜/dev/pts/6鏂囦欢鍐欏叆鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鐩存帴鏄剧ず鍒版垜浠殑缁堢涓婇潰浜嗐�傚鏋滄垜鍦ㄦ満鍣ㄤ笂闈㈠紑浜嗗涓粓绔紝鐒跺悗鎴戝湪鍒殑缁堢涓緭鍏ヤ笂闈㈢殑echo鍛戒护锛岄偅涔堝皢浼氱湅鍒板搴�"/dev/pts/6"鐨勭粓绔笂闈細鏄剧ず鐩稿簲鐨勫瓧绗︿簡銆�/p>

*杩愯tty浠�涔堜篃涓嶈緭鍑猴紝鐒跺悗鏌ョ湅鍏堕��鍑虹爜锛�/p>

[quietheart@lv-k etc]$ tty -s

[quietheart@lv-k etc]$ echo $?

0

杩欓噷锛屼娇鐢╯hell鐨勫懡浠�"echo $?"鏉ユ樉绀轰笂涓�鏉″懡浠ょ殑閫�鍑虹姸鎬佺爜銆傜姸鎬佺爜鐨勫惈涔夊涓嬶細

0 琛ㄧず鏍囧噯杈撳叆鏄竴涓粓绔��/p>

1 琛ㄧず鏍囧噯杈撳叆涓嶆槸涓�涓粓绔��/p>

2 琛ㄧず缁欏畾鐨勫弬鏁版槸涓嶆纭殑鍙傛暟銆�/p>

3 琛ㄧず鍙戠敓浜嗗啓閿欒

startx

鍒濆鍖栦竴涓� X 浼氳瘽銆�/p>

璇硶

startx [ -d Display:0 ] [ -t | -w ] [ -x Startup | [ -r Resources ] [ -m Window_Manager ] ] [ -wait ]

鎻忚堪

startx 鍛戒护绠�鍖栦簡鍚姩 X 浼氳瘽鐨勮繃绋嬨��/p>

璇ュ懡浠ゆ墽琛屼笅鍒楁搷浣滐細

璁剧疆鐢ㄦ埛鐨� DISPLAY 鐜鍙橀噺浠ユ爣璇� X 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ埌 X 瀹㈡埛鏈�/p>

褰撲粠宸ヤ綔绔欒繍琛屾椂锛屽惎鍔� X 鏈嶅姟鍣�/p>

鍚姩 X 瀹㈡埛鏈恒��/p>

startx 鍛戒护灏� X 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ拰 X 瀹㈡埛鏈虹殑閿欒娑堟伅閲嶅畾鍚戣嚦鐢ㄦ埛鐨� XERRORS 鐜鍙橀噺鎸囧畾鐨勬枃浠躲�傝澶勭悊瀵硅皟璇曞緢鏈夌敤锛屽苟涓斾娇 X 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ湪宸ヤ綔绔欎笂鏈変竴涓竻娲佺殑鍚姩鍜屽叧鏈哄瑙傘��/p>

濡傛灉 startup 鑴氭湰鏂囦欢鍚嶆病鏈夌敤 -x 閫夐」鍦ㄥ懡浠よ涓粰鍑猴紝閭ｄ箞 startx 鍛戒护灏变細鎼滅储涓�涓敱鐢ㄦ埛鐨� XINITRC 鐜鍙橀噺鎸囧畾鐨勬枃浠躲�傚鏋滄湭璁剧疆 XINITRC 鐜鍙橀噺锛宻tartx 鍛戒护灏变細鍦ㄧ敤鎴风殑涓荤洰褰曚腑鍒嗗埆鎼滅储鍚嶄负 .Xinit銆�.xinit銆� .Xinitrc銆�.xinitrc 鎴� .xsession 鐨勬枃浠舵潵寮�濮� X 瀹㈡埛鏈虹▼搴忋��/p>

濡傛灉鏈壘鍒板惎鍔ㄦ枃浠讹紝startx 鍛戒护杩愯鍦ㄥ懡浠よ涓婄敱 -m 閫夐」鎸囧畾鐨勭獥鍙ｇ鐞嗗櫒锛屾垨鍦ㄦ壘鍒扮浉鍏崇殑閰嶇疆鏂囦欢锛�.mwmrc銆�.twmrc銆�.awmrc 鎴� .uwmrc锛� 鍒嗗埆鍦帮級涔嬪悗锛岃皟鐢ㄧ獥鍙ｇ鐞嗗櫒 mwm銆乼wm銆乤wm 鎴� uwm銆傚鏋滄病鏈夊湪鐢ㄦ埛涓荤洰褰曚腑鎵惧埌绐楀彛绠＄悊鍣ㄩ厤缃枃浠讹紝startx 灏嗗惎鍔� Xterm 瀹㈡埛鏈哄拰 mwm 绐楀彛绠＄悊鍣ㄣ��/p>

褰撳惎鍔ㄦ枃浠舵壘涓嶅埌鏃讹紝startx 鍛戒护涔熷皢鍦ㄥ懡浠よ涓婁娇鐢� -r 閫夐」鎸囩ず瑁呭叆璧勬簮鏂囦欢锛屾垨鍒嗗埆瑁呭叆鐢ㄦ埛涓荤洰褰曚腑鐨勫悕涓� .Xdefaults銆�.xdefaults銆�.Xresources 鎴� .xresources 鐨勬枃浠躲�傚鏋滄湭鎵惧埌 X 璧勬簮鏂囦欢锛屽皢涓嶄釜鎬у寲 X 浼氳瘽銆�/p>

濡傛灉宸ヤ綔绔欎腑瀛樺湪涓�涓惎鍔ㄦ枃浠跺苟涓旂敤鎴锋湭瑁呭叆浠讳綍璧勬簮锛屽垯 startx 鍛戒护涓殑 xinit 鍛戒护灏嗗皾璇曡鍏� .Xdefaults 鏂囦欢銆�/p>

褰� X 浼氳瘽浠� /dev/lft* 鍚姩鏃讹紝灏卞亣瀹氫娇鐢ㄥ伐浣滅珯銆傚鏋滀笉鏄繖绉嶆儏鍐碉紝灏卞繀椤讳娇鐢� -t 鎴� -w 閫夐」銆�/p>

鏍囧織

-d Display :0聽 鎸囧畾鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄨ繃绋嬩腑浼犻�掔粰 X 瀹㈡埛鏈虹殑 X 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鏄剧ず鍚嶇О銆�/p>

-m Window_Manager聽 褰撴湭鎵惧埌 startup 鑴氭湰鏃讹紝鍚姩绐楀彛绠＄悊鍣ㄣ��/p>

-r Resources聽 聽 褰撴湭鎵惧埌 startup 鑴氭湰鏃讹紝瑁呭叆璧勬簮鏂囦欢銆�/p>

-t聽 涓轰竴涓� X 缁堢鍚姩 X 瀹㈡埛鏈恒��/p>

-w聽 涓哄伐浣滅珯涓婄殑 X 绐楀彛浼氳瘽鍚姩 X 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ拰 X 瀹㈡埛鏈恒��/p>

-wait聽 褰� xdm 鍛戒护璋冪敤 startx 鏃讹紝闃叉閲嶆柊鍚姩 X 浼氳瘽銆�/p>

-x Startup聽 浣跨敤 startup 鑴氭湰鍚姩 X 绐楀彛浼氳瘽銆�/p>

娉細鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ崟鐙垨鍚屾椂浣跨敤 -m 鍜� -r 閫夐」, 鎴栬�呬娇鐢� -x 閫夐」锛屼絾鏄偍涓嶈兘鍦ㄤ娇鐢� -x 閫夐」鐨勫悓鏃朵娇鐢� -m 鍜� -r 閫夐」銆傚湪鍚姩鑴氭湰涓紝鍚姩绐楀彛绠＄悊鍣ㄤ細璇濄�佽鍏� X 璧勬簮浠ュ強浜х敓 X 瀹㈡埛鏈烘槸鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮矗浠汇��/p>

绀轰緥

瑕佸湪宸ヤ綔绔欎笂鎴� X 缁堢涓婂惎鍔� X 浼氳瘽锛岃杈撳叆锛�/p>

startx

瑕佸湪宸ヤ綔绔欎笂寮哄埗鍚姩 X 浼氳瘽锛岃杈撳叆锛�/p>

startx -w

瑕佷负 X 缁堢鍚姩 X 浼氳瘽锛屽苟娉ㄩ攢鐢ㄦ埛鐨� Telnet 浼氳瘽锛岃杈撳叆锛�/p>

startx; kill -9 $$

瑕佷娇鐢� .xinitrc 鑴氭湰鍚姩 X 浼氳瘽锛岃杈撳叆锛�/p>

startx -x .xinitrc

瑕佷娇鐢� mwm 绐楀彛绠＄悊鍣ㄥ惎鍔� X 浼氳瘽锛岃杈撳叆锛�/p>

startx -m mwm

浣嗘槸锛屽鏋滄壘鍒板惎鍔ㄨ剼鏈枃浠讹紝鍒欏拷鐣� -w 閫夐」銆�/p>

鍦ㄥ惎鍔ㄨ剼鏈腑锛屽惎鍔ㄧ獥鍙ｇ鐞嗗櫒銆佽鍏� X 璧勬簮浠ュ強浜х敓 X 瀹㈡埛鏈烘槸鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮矗浠汇�備互涓嬫槸 .xsession 鑴氭湰鐨勪竴涓ず渚嬨��/p>

!/bin/csh

(mwm &)

xrdb -load .Xdefaults

(xclock -g 75x75+0+0 &)

(xbiff -g 75x75+101-0 &)

if ("/dev/lft*" == "tty") then

aixterm -g 80x24+0+0 +ut -C -Thostname

else

aixterm -g 80x24+0+0 +ut -Thostname

endif

瀵逛簬宸ヤ綔绔欙紝startup 鑴氭湰涓殑鏈�鍚庝竴琛屽簲璇ユ槸鍓嶅彴 aixterm 鍛戒护锛岃鍛戒护甯︽湁 -C 閫夐」琛ㄧず鎺у埗鍙颁俊鎭��/p>

瀵逛簬 X 缁堢锛宻tartup 鑴氭湰涓殑鏈�鍚庝竴琛屽簲璇ユ槸涓嶅甫鏈� -C 閫夐」鐨勫墠鍙� aixterm 鍛戒护銆傚彟澶栵紝鐢变簬鏌愪簺 X 缁堢鍦ㄥ叧闂椂涓嶇粓姝� telnet 浼氳瘽锛屾墍浠ョ敤鎴峰繀椤诲湪浣跨敤鐑敭鍒囨崲鑷� X 浼氳瘽鍓嶉��鍑哄綋鍓嶇殑 telnet 浼氳瘽銆�/p>

/usr/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession 鏂囦欢涓殑 xdm 鍛戒护涔熷彲浠ヤ娇鐢� startx 鍛戒护銆傝繖涓� xdm 鍛戒护鎻愪緵浜� startx 鍛戒护鐨勫姛鑳姐��/p>

鏂囦欢

浠ヤ笅鏄惎鍔� X 浼氳瘽涓�璐娇鐢ㄧ殑鏂囦欢鍚嶃��/p>

$HOME/.xerrors聽 鍏朵腑锛宻tartx 鐢ㄦ潵閲嶅畾鍚戦敊璇秷鎭�傚湪缂虹渷鎯呭喌涓嬶紝startx 灏嗛敊璇噸瀹氬悜鑷崇敤鎴蜂富鐩綍涓殑 .xerrors 鏂囦欢涓��/p>

$HOME/.Xinit,

$HOME/.xinit,

$HOME/.Xinitrc,

$HOME/.xinitrc,

$HOME/.xsession 浣滀负鍖呭惈 shell 鍛戒护鐨勨�滃惎鍔ㄦ枃浠垛�濇潵鍚姩绐楀彛绠＄悊鍣ㄣ�佽鍏� X 璧勬簮骞朵骇鐢� X 瀹㈡埛鏈恒��/p>

$HOME/.Xdefaults,

$HOME/.xresources聽 浣滀负瑁呭叆鐨� X 璧勬簮鏂囦欢鏉ヨ缃� X 瀹㈡埛鏈虹殑鐢ㄦ埛棣栭�夐」銆�/p>

$HOME/.mwmrc聽 聽 mwm 閰嶇疆鏂囦欢銆�/p>

$HOME/.twmrc聽 聽 twm 閰嶇疆鏂囦欢銆�/p>

$HOME/.awmrc聽 聽 awm 閰嶇疆鏂囦欢銆�/p>

$HOME/.uwmrc聽 聽 uwm 閰嶇疆鏂囦欢銆�/p>

/dev/lft*聽 缁堢鎴� tty銆佸伐浣滅珯鍒濆 login shell 鐨勭晫闈€��/p>

export

Linux export鍛戒护鐢ㄤ簬璁剧疆鎴栨樉绀虹幆澧冨彉閲忋��/p>

鍦╯hell涓墽琛岀▼搴忔椂锛宻hell浼氭彁渚涗竴缁勭幆澧冨彉閲忋�俥xport鍙柊澧烇紝淇敼鎴栧垹闄ょ幆澧冨彉閲忥紝渚涘悗缁墽琛岀殑绋嬪簭浣跨敤銆俥xport鐨勬晥鍔涗粎鍙婁簬璇ユ鐧婚檰鎿嶄綔銆�/p>

璇硶

export [-fnp][鍙橀噺鍚嶇О]=[鍙橀噺璁剧疆鍊糫

鍙傛暟璇存槑锛�/p>

-f 銆�浠ｈ〃[鍙橀噺鍚嶇О]涓负鍑芥暟鍚嶇О銆�/p>

-n 銆�鍒犻櫎鎸囧畾鐨勫彉閲忋�傚彉閲忓疄闄呬笂骞舵湭鍒犻櫎锛屽彧鏄笉浼氳緭鍑哄埌鍚庣画鎸囦护鐨勬墽琛岀幆澧冧腑銆�/p>

-p 銆�鍒楀嚭鎵�鏈夌殑shell璧嬩簣绋嬪簭鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲忋��/p>

瀹炰緥

鍒楀嚭褰撳墠鎵�鏈夌殑鐜鍙橀噺

瀹氫箟鐜鍙橀噺

export MYENV //瀹氫箟鐜鍙橀噺

export -p //鍒楀嚭褰撳墠鐨勭幆澧冨彉閲�/p>

declare -x HOME=鈥�/root鈥�/p>

declare -x LANG=鈥渮h_CN.UTF-8鈥�/p>

declare -x LANGUAGE=鈥渮h_CN:zh鈥�/p>

declare -x LESSCLOSE=鈥�/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s鈥�/p>

declare -x LESSOPEN=鈥渱 /usr/bin/lesspipe %s鈥�/p>

declare -x LOGNAME=鈥渞oot鈥�/p>

declare -x LS_COLORS=鈥溾��/p>

declare -x MAIL=鈥�/var/mail/root鈥�/p>

declare -x MYENV

declare -x OLDPWD

declare -x PATH=鈥�/opt/toolchains/arm920t-eabi/bin:/opt/toolchains/arm920t-eabi/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games鈥�/p>

declare -x PWD=鈥�/root鈥�/p>

declare -x SHELL=鈥�/bin/bash鈥�/p>

declare -x SHLVL=鈥��/p>

declare -x SPEECHD_PORT=鈥�60鈥�/p>

declare -x SSH_CLIENT=鈥�2.168.1.65 1674 22鈥�/p>

declare -x SSH_CONNECTION=鈥�2.168.1.65 1674 192.168.1.3 22鈥�/p>

declare -x SSH_TTY=鈥�/dev/pts/2鈥�/p>

declare -x TERM=鈥淴TERM鈥�/p>

declare -x USER=鈥渞oot鈥�/p>

declare -x XDG_SESSION_COOKIE=鈥�b5d3d03e032c0cf892a4474bebda9f-1273864738.954257-340206484鈥�/p>

瀹氫箟鐜鍙橀噺璧嬪��/p>

export MYENV=7 //瀹氫箟鐜鍙橀噺骞惰祴鍊�/p>

export -p

declare -x HOME=鈥�/root鈥�/p>

declare -x LANG=鈥渮h_CN.UTF-8鈥�/p>

declare -x LANGUAGE=鈥渮h_CN:zh鈥�/p>

declare -x LESSCLOSE=鈥�/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s鈥�/p>

declare -x LESSOPEN=鈥渱 /usr/bin/lesspipe %s鈥�/p>

declare -x LOGNAME=鈥渞oot鈥�/p>

declare -x LS_COLORS=鈥溾��/p>

declare -x MAIL=鈥�/var/mail/root鈥�/p>

declare -x MYENV=鈥��/p>

declare -x OLDPWD

declare -x PATH=鈥�/opt/toolchains/arm920t-eabi/bin:/opt/toolchains/arm920t-eabi/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games鈥�/p>

declare -x PWD=鈥�/root鈥�/p>

declare -x SHELL=鈥�/bin/bash鈥�/p>

declare -x SHLVL=鈥��/p>

declare -x SPEECHD_PORT=鈥�60鈥�/p>

declare -x SSH_CLIENT=鈥�2.168.1.65 1674 22鈥�/p>

declare -x SSH_CONNECTION=鈥�2.168.1.65 1674 192.168.1.3 22鈥�/p>

declare -x SSH_TTY=鈥�/dev/pts/2鈥�/p>

declare -x TERM=鈥淴TERM鈥�/p>

declare -x USER=鈥渞oot鈥�/p>

declare -x XDG_SESSION_COOKIE=鈥�b5d3d03e032c0cf892a4474bebda9f-1273864738.954257-340206484鈥�/p>

pwd

Linux涓敤 pwd 鍛戒护鏉ユ煡鐪嬧�濆綋鍓嶅伐浣滅洰褰曗�滅殑瀹屾暣璺緞銆� 绠�鍗曞緱璇达紝姣忓綋浣犲湪缁堢杩涜鎿嶄綔鏃讹紝浣犻兘浼氭湁涓�涓綋鍓嶅伐浣滅洰褰曘��/p>

鍦ㄤ笉澶‘瀹氬綋鍓嶄綅缃椂锛屽氨浼氫娇鐢╬wd鏉ュ垽瀹氬綋鍓嶇洰褰曞湪鏂囦欢绯荤粺鍐呯殑纭垏浣嶇疆銆�/p>

1锛庡懡浠ゆ牸寮忥細

pwd [閫夐」]

2锛庡懡浠ゅ姛鑳斤細

鏌ョ湅鈥濆綋鍓嶅伐浣滅洰褰曗�滅殑瀹屾暣璺緞

3锛庡父鐢ㄥ弬鏁帮細

涓�鑸儏鍐典笅涓嶅甫浠讳綍鍙傛暟

濡傛灉鐩綍鏄摼鎺ユ椂锛�/p>

鏍煎紡锛歱wd -P聽 鏄剧ず鍑哄疄闄呰矾寰勶紝鑰岄潪浣跨敤杩炴帴锛坙ink锛夎矾寰勩��/p>

4锛庡父鐢ㄥ疄渚嬶細

瀹炰緥1锛氱敤 pwd 鍛戒护鏌ョ湅榛樿宸ヤ綔鐩綍鐨勫畬鏁磋矾寰�/p>

鍛戒护锛�/p>

pwd

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

[root@localhost ~]# pwd

/root

[root@localhost ~]#

瀹炰緥2锛氫娇鐢� pwd 鍛戒护鏌ョ湅鎸囧畾鏂囦欢澶�/p>

鍛戒护锛�/p>

pwd

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/soft/

[root@localhost soft]# pwd

/opt/soft

[root@localhost soft]#

瀹炰緥涓夛細鐩綍杩炴帴閾炬帴鏃讹紝pwd -P聽 鏄剧ず鍑哄疄闄呰矾寰勶紝鑰岄潪浣跨敤杩炴帴锛坙ink锛夎矾寰勶紱pwd鏄剧ず鐨勬槸杩炴帴璺緞

鍛戒护锛�/p>

pwd -P

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

[root@localhost soft]# cd /etc/init.d

[root@localhost init.d]# pwd

/etc/init.d

[root@localhost init.d]# pwd -P

/etc/rc.d/init.d

[root@localhost init.d]#

瀹炰緥4锛�/bin/pwd

鍛戒护锛�/p>

/bin/pwd [閫夐」]

閫夐」锛�/p>

-L 鐩綍杩炴帴閾炬帴鏃讹紝杈撳嚭杩炴帴璺緞

-P 杈撳嚭鐗╃悊璺緞

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

[root@localhost init.d]# /bin/pwd

/etc/rc.d/init.d

[root@localhost init.d]# /bin/pwd --help

[root@localhost init.d]# /bin/pwd -P

/etc/rc.d/init.d

[root@localhost init.d]# /bin/pwd -L

/etc/init.d

[root@localhost init.d]#

瀹炰緥浜旓細褰撳墠鐩綍琚垹闄や簡锛岃�宲wd鍛戒护浠嶇劧鏄剧ず閭ｄ釜鐩綍

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

[root@localhost init.d]# cd /opt/soft

[root@localhost soft]# mkdir removed

[root@localhost soft]# cd removed/

[root@localhost removed]# pwd

/opt/soft/removed

[root@localhost removed]# rm ../removed -rf

[root@localhost removed]# pwd

/opt/soft/removed

[root@localhost removed]# /bin/pwd

/bin/pwd: couldn't find directory entry in 鈥�..鈥� with matching i-node

[root@localhost removed]# cd

[root@localhost ~]# pwd

/root

[root@localhost ~]#

history

History鍛戒护涓昏鐢ㄤ簬鏄剧ず鍘嗗彶鎸囦护璁板綍鍐呭, 涓嬭揪鍘嗗彶绾綍涓殑鎸囦护 銆�/p>

History鍛戒护璇硶锛�/p>

[test@linux]# history [n]

[test@linux]# history [-c]

[test@linux]# history [-raw] histfiles

鍙傛暟锛�/p>

n聽 锛氭暟瀛�,瑕佸垪鍑烘渶杩戠殑 n 绗斿懡浠ゅ垪琛�/p>

-c聽 锛氬皢鐩墠鐨剆hell涓殑鎵�鏈� history 鍐呭鍏ㄩ儴娑堥櫎

-a聽 锛氬皢鐩墠鏂板鐨刪istory 鎸囦护鏂板鍏� histfiles 涓紝鑻ユ病鏈夊姞 histfiles 锛�/p>

鍒欓璁惧啓鍏� ~/.bash_history

-r聽 锛氬皢 histfiles 鐨勫唴瀹硅鍒扮洰鍓嶈繖涓� shell 鐨� history 璁板繂涓�/p>

-w聽 锛氬皢鐩墠鐨� history 璁板繂鍐呭鍐欏叆 histfiles

Linux绯荤粺褰撲綘鍦╯hell(鎺у埗鍙�)涓緭鍏ュ苟鎵ц鍛戒护鏃讹紝shell浼氳嚜鍔ㄦ妸浣犵殑鍛戒护璁板綍鍒板巻鍙插垪琛ㄤ腑锛屼竴鑸繚瀛樺湪鐢ㄦ埛鐩綍涓嬬殑.bash_history鏂囦欢涓�傞粯璁や繚瀛�00鏉★紝浣犱篃鍙互鏇存敼杩欎釜鍊笺��/p>

濡傛灉浣犻敭鍏� history, history浼氬悜浣犳樉绀轰綘鎵�浣跨敤鐨勫墠1000涓巻鍙插懡浠わ紝骞朵笖缁欏畠浠紪浜嗗彿锛屼綘浼氱湅鍒颁竴涓敤鏁板瓧缂栧彿鐨勫垪琛ㄥ揩閫熶粠灞忓箷涓婂嵎杩囥�備綘鍙兘涓嶉渶瑕佹煡鐪�00涓懡浠や腑鐨勬墍鏈夐」鐩�,褰撶劧浣犱篃鍙互鍔犲叆鏁板瓧鏉ュ垪鍑烘渶杩戠殑绗斿懡浠ゅ垪琛ㄣ��/p>

linux涓環istory鍛戒护涓嶄粎浠呰鎴戜滑鍙互鏌ヨ鍘嗗彶鍛戒护鑰屽凡. 鎴戜滑杩樺彲浠ュ埄鐢ㄧ浉鍏崇殑鍔熻兘鏉ュ府鎴戜滑鎵ц鍛戒护銆�/p>

杩愯鐗瑰畾鐨勫巻鍙插懡浠�/p>

history浼氬垪鍑篵ash淇濆瓨鐨勬墍鏈夊巻鍙插懡浠わ紝骞朵笖缁欏畠浠紪浜嗗彿锛屾垜浠彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄢ�滃徆鍙锋帴缂栧彿鈥濈殑鏂瑰紡杩愯鐗瑰畾鐨勫巻鍙插懡浠�.

璇硶璇存槑:

[test@linux]# [!number]聽 [!command] [!!]

鍙傛暟璇存槑锛�/p>

number聽 锛氱鍑犱釜鎸囦护鐨勬剰鎬濓紱

command聽 锛氭寚浠ょ殑寮�澶村嚑涓瓧姣�/p>

!聽 聽 聽 聽 锛氫笂涓�涓寚浠ょ殑鎰忔�濓紒

History鍛戒护瀹炴垬

鍒楀嚭鎵�鏈夌殑鍘嗗彶璁板綍锛�/p>

[test@linux] # history

鍙垪鍑烘渶杩�鏉¤褰曪細

[test@linux] # history 10 (娉�,history鍜�涓棿鏈夌┖鏍�)

浣跨敤鍛戒护璁板綍鍙风爜鎵ц鍛戒护,鎵ц鍘嗗彶娓呭崟涓殑绗�鏉″懡浠�/p>

[test@linux] #!99 (!鍜�涓棿娌℃湁绌烘牸)

閲嶅鎵ц涓婁竴涓懡浠�/p>

[test@linux] #!!

鎵ц鏈�鍚庝竴娆′互rpm寮�澶寸殑鍛戒护(!?聽 ?浠ｈ〃鐨勬槸瀛楃涓�,杩欎釜String鍙互闅忎究杈擄紝Shell浼氫粠鏈�鍚庝竴鏉″巻鍙插懡浠ゅ悜鍓嶆悳绱紝鏈�鍏堝尮閰嶇殑涓�鏉″懡浠ゅ皢浼氬緱鍒版墽琛屻��)

[test@linux] #!rpm

閫愬睆鍒楀嚭鎵�鏈夌殑鍘嗗彶璁板綍锛�/p>

[test@linux]# history | more

绔嬪嵆娓呯┖history褰撳墠鎵�鏈夊巻鍙插懡浠ょ殑璁板綍

[test@linux] #history -c

闄や簡浣跨敤history鍛戒护,鍦� shell 鎴� GUI 缁堢鎻愮ず涓嬶紝浣犱篃鍙互浣跨敤涓婁笅鏂瑰悜閿潵缈婚槄鍛戒护鍘嗗彶(鍚戜笅绠ご浼氬悜鍓嶇炕闃�)锛岀洿鍒颁綘鎵惧埌鎵�闇�鍛戒护涓烘銆傝繖鍙互璁╂垜浠緢鏂逛究鍦扮紪杈戝墠闈㈢殑鏌愪竴鏉″懡浠わ紝鑰屼笉鐢ㄩ噸澶嶈緭鍏ョ被浼肩殑鍛戒护銆�/p>

shutdown

shutdown鍛戒护鍙互瀹夊叏鍦板叧闂垨閲嶅惎Linux绯荤粺锛屽畠鍦ㄧ郴缁熷叧闂箣鍓嶇粰绯荤粺涓婄殑鎵�鏈夌櫥褰曠敤鎴锋彁绀轰竴鏉¤鍛婁俊鎭�傝鍛戒护杩樺厑璁哥敤鎴锋寚瀹氫竴涓椂闂村弬鏁帮紝鍙互鏄竴涓簿纭殑鏃堕棿锛屼篃鍙互鏄粠鐜板湪寮�濮嬬殑涓�涓椂闂存銆�/p>

绮剧‘鏃堕棿鐨勬牸寮忔槸hh:mm锛岃〃绀哄皬鏃跺拰鍒嗛挓锛屾椂闂存鐢�+ 鍜屽垎閽熸暟琛ㄧず銆傜郴缁熸墽琛岃鍛戒护鍚庝細鑷姩杩涜鏁版嵁鍚屾鐨勫伐浣溿��/p>

璇ュ懡浠ょ殑涓�鑸牸寮�/p>

璇��銆�娉曪細

shutdown [-efFhknr][-t 绉掓暟][鏃堕棿][璀﹀憡淇℃伅]

鍙傘��銆�鏁帮細

-c 銆�褰撴墽琛�"shutdown -h 11:50"鎸囦护鏃讹紝鍙鎸�+閿氨鍙互涓柇鍏虫満鐨勬寚浠ゃ��/p>

-f 銆�閲嶆柊鍚姩鏃朵笉鎵цfsck銆�/p>

-F 銆�閲嶆柊鍚姩鏃舵墽琛宖sck銆�/p>

-h 銆�灏嗙郴缁熷叧鏈恒��/p>

-k 銆�鍙槸閫佸嚭淇℃伅缁欐墍鏈夌敤鎴凤紝浣嗕笉浼氬疄闄呭叧鏈恒��/p>

-n 銆�涓嶈皟鐢╥nit绋嬪簭杩涜鍏虫満锛岃�岀敱shutdown鑷繁杩涜銆�/p>

-r 銆�shutdown涔嬪悗閲嶆柊鍚姩銆�/p>

-t<绉掓暟> 銆�閫佸嚭璀﹀憡淇℃伅鍜屽垹闄や俊鎭箣闂磋寤惰繜澶氬皯绉掋��/p>

[鏃堕棿] 銆�璁剧疆澶氫箙鏃堕棿鍚庢墽琛宻hutdown鎸囦护銆�/p>

[璀﹀憡淇℃伅] 銆�瑕佷紶閫佺粰鎵�鏈夌櫥鍏ョ敤鎴风殑淇℃伅銆�/p>

闇�瑕佺壒鍒鏄庣殑鏄鍛戒护鍙兘鐢辫秴绾х敤鎴蜂娇鐢ㄣ��/p>

渚�岀郴缁熷湪鍗佸垎閽熷悗鍏虫満骞朵笖椹笂閲嶆柊鍚姩

shutdown 鈥搑 +10

渚�岀郴缁熼┈涓婂叧鏈哄苟涓斾笉閲嶆柊鍚姩

shutdown 鈥揾 now

poweroff

poweroff鍛戒护鐢ㄦ潵鍏抽棴璁＄畻鏈烘搷浣滅郴缁熷苟涓斿垏鏂郴缁熺數婧愩��/p>

璇硶

poweroff(閫夐」)

閫夐」

-n锛氬叧闂搷浣滅郴缁熸椂涓嶆墽琛宻ync鎿嶄綔锛� -w锛氫笉鐪熸鍏抽棴鎿嶄綔绯荤粺锛屼粎鍦ㄦ棩蹇楁枃浠垛��/var/log/wtmp鈥濅腑锛� -d锛氬叧闂搷浣滅郴缁熸椂锛屼笉灏嗘搷浣滃啓鍏ユ棩蹇楁枃浠垛��/var/log/wtmp鈥濅腑娣诲姞鐩稿簲鐨勮褰曪紱 -f锛氬己鍒跺叧闂搷浣滅郴缁燂紱 -i锛氬叧闂搷浣滅郴缁熶箣鍓嶅叧闂墍鏈夌殑缃戠粶鎺ュ彛锛� -h锛氬叧闂搷浣滅郴缁熶箣鍓嶅皢绯荤粺涓墍鏈夌殑纭欢璁剧疆涓哄鐢ㄦā寮忋�� 瀹炰緥 濡傛灉纭绯荤粺涓凡缁忔病鏈夌敤鎴峰瓨鍦ㄤ笖鎵�鏈夋暟鎹兘宸蹭繚瀛橈紝闇�瑕佺珛鍗冲叧闂郴缁燂紝鍙互浣跨敤poweroff鍛戒护銆� 浣跨敤poweroff绔嬪嵆鍏抽棴绯荤粺锛� poweroff

瀹炰緥 濡傛灉纭绯荤粺涓凡缁忔病鏈夌敤鎴峰瓨鍦ㄤ笖鎵�鏈夋暟鎹兘宸蹭繚瀛橈紝闇�瑕佺珛鍗冲叧闂郴缁燂紝鍙互浣跨敤poweroff鍛戒护銆� 浣跨敤poweroff绔嬪嵆鍏抽棴绯荤粺锛� poweroff

瀹炰緥

濡傛灉纭绯荤粺涓凡缁忔病鏈夌敤鎴峰瓨鍦ㄤ笖鎵�鏈夋暟鎹兘宸蹭繚瀛橈紝闇�瑕佺珛鍗冲叧闂郴缁燂紝鍙互浣跨敤poweroff鍛戒护銆� 浣跨敤poweroff绔嬪嵆鍏抽棴绯荤粺锛�/p>

pweroff

reboot

鍛戒护绠�浠嬶細

璇ュ懡浠ょ敤鏉ラ噸鍚疞inux绯荤粺銆傜浉褰撲簬Windows绯荤粺涓殑restart鍛戒护銆�/p>

鍛戒护璇硶锛�/p>

/sbin/reboot [-n] [-w] [-d] [-f] [-i]

鎴�/p>

reboot [-n] [-w] [-d] [-f] [-i]

鍛戒护鍙傛暟锛�/p>

-d 閲嶆柊鍚姩鏃朵笉鎶婃暟鎹啓鍏ヨ褰曟枃浠�/var/tmp/wtmp

-f 寮哄埗閲嶆柊寮�鏈猴紝涓嶈皟鐢╯hutdown鎸囦护鐨勫姛鑳姐��/p>

-h 鍦ㄧ郴缁熷叧鏈烘垨poweroff涔嬪墠锛屽皢鎵�鏈夌殑纭洏澶勪簬寰呮満妯″紡

-i 鍏抽棴缃戠粶璁剧疆涔嬪悗鍐嶉噸鏂板惎鍔ㄧ郴缁�/p>

-n 淇濆瓨鏁版嵁鍚庡啀閲嶆柊鍚姩绯荤粺

-p When halting the system, do a poweroff. This is the default when halt is called as poweroff

-w 浠呭仛娴嬭瘯锛屽苟涓嶇湡鐨勫皢绯荤粺閲嶆柊寮�鏈猴紝鍙細鎶婇噸寮�鏈虹殑鏁版嵁鍐欏叆/var/log鐩綍涓嬬殑wtmp璁板綍鏂囦欢

浣跨敤绀轰緥锛�/p>

寮哄埗閲嶆柊寮�鏈猴紝涓嶈皟鐢╯hutdown鎸囦护鐨勫姛鑳�/p>

[root@DB-Server ~]# reboot -f

鍏抽棴缃戠粶璁剧疆涔嬪悗鍐嶉噸鏂板惎鍔ㄧ郴缁�/p>

[root@DB-Server ~]# reboot -i

Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (Mon Jul 28 11:31:28 2014):

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

淇濆瓨鏁版嵁鍚庡啀閲嶆柊鍚姩绯荤粺

[root@DB-Server ~]# reboot -n

Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (Mon Jul 28 11:33:57 2014):

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

閲嶆柊鍚姩鏃朵笉鎶婃暟鎹啓鍏ヨ褰曟枃浠�/var/tmp/wtmp

[root@DB-Server ~]# reboot -d

Broadcast message from root (pts/2) (Mon Jul 28 11:23:26 2014):

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

hwclock

鍔熻兘璇存槑锛氭樉绀轰笌璁惧畾纭欢鏃堕挓銆�/p>

璇��銆�娉曪細hwclock [--adjust][--debug][--directisa][--hctosys][--show][--systohc][--test]

[--utc][--version][--set --date=<鏃ユ湡涓庢椂闂�>]

琛ュ厖璇存槑锛氬湪Linux涓湁纭欢鏃堕挓涓庣郴缁熸椂閽熺瓑涓ょ鏃堕挓銆傜‖浠舵椂閽熸槸鎸囦富鏈烘澘涓婄殑鏃堕挓璁惧锛屼篃灏辨槸閫氬父鍙湪BIOS鐢婚潰璁惧畾鐨勬椂閽熴�傜郴缁熸椂閽熷垯鏄寚kernel涓殑鏃堕挓銆傚綋Linux鍚姩鏃讹紝绯荤粺鏃堕挓浼氬幓璇诲彇纭欢鏃堕挓鐨勮瀹氾紝涔嬪悗绯荤粺鏃堕挓鍗崇嫭绔嬭繍浣溿�傛墍鏈塋inux鐩稿叧鎸囦护涓庡嚱鏁伴兘鏄鍙栫郴缁熸椂閽熺殑璁惧畾銆�/p>

鍙傘��銆�鏁帮細

--adjust 銆�hwclock姣忔鏇存敼纭欢鏃堕挓鏃讹紝閮戒細璁板綍鍦�/etc/adjtime鏂囦欢涓�備娇鐢�--adjust鍙傛暟锛屽彲浣縣wclock鏍规嵁鍏堝墠鐨勮褰曟潵浼扮畻纭欢鏃堕挓鐨勫亸宸紝骞剁敤鏉ユ牎姝ｇ洰鍓嶇殑纭欢鏃堕挓銆�/p>

--debug 銆�鏄剧ずhwclock鎵ц鏃惰缁嗙殑淇℃伅銆�/p>

--directisa 銆�hwclock棰勮浠�/dev/rtc璁惧鏉ュ瓨鍙栫‖浠舵椂閽熴�傝嫢鏃犳硶瀛樺彇鏃讹紝鍙敤姝ゅ弬鏁扮洿鎺ヤ互I/O鎸囦护鏉ュ瓨鍙栫‖浠舵椂閽熴��/p>

--hctosys 銆�灏嗙郴缁熸椂閽熻皟鏁翠负涓庣洰鍓嶇殑纭欢鏃堕挓涓�鑷淬��/p>

--set --date=<鏃ユ湡涓庢椂闂�> 銆�璁惧畾纭欢鏃堕挓銆�/p>

--show 銆�鏄剧ず纭欢鏃堕挓鐨勬椂闂翠笌鏃ユ湡銆�/p>

--systohc 銆�灏嗙‖浠舵椂閽熻皟鏁翠负涓庣洰鍓嶇殑绯荤粺鏃堕挓涓�鑷淬��/p>

--test 銆�浠呮祴璇曠▼搴忥紝鑰屼笉浼氬疄闄呮洿鏀圭‖浠舵椂閽熴��/p>

--utc 銆�鑻ヨ浣跨敤鏍兼灄濞佹不鏃堕棿锛岃鍔犲叆姝ゅ弬鏁帮紝hwclock浼氭墽琛岃浆鎹㈢殑宸ヤ綔銆�/p>

--version 銆�鏄剧ず鐗堟湰淇℃伅銆�/p>

date

1锛庡懡浠ゆ牸寮忥細

date [鍙傛暟]... [+鏍煎紡]

2锛庡懡浠ゅ姛鑳斤細

date 鍙互鐢ㄦ潵鏄剧ず鎴栬瀹氱郴缁熺殑鏃ユ湡涓庢椂闂淬��/p>

3锛庡懡浠ゅ弬鏁帮細

蹇呰鍙傛暟:

%H 灏忔椂(浠�-23鏉ヨ〃绀�)銆�/p>

%I 灏忔椂(浠�-12鏉ヨ〃绀�)銆�/p>

%K 灏忔椂(浠�23鏉ヨ〃绀�)銆�/p>

%l 灏忔椂(浠�12鏉ヨ〃绀�)銆�/p>

%M 鍒嗛挓(浠�-59鏉ヨ〃绀�)銆�/p>

%P AM鎴朠M銆�/p>

%r 鏃堕棿(鍚椂鍒嗙锛屽皬鏃朵互12灏忔椂AM/PM鏉ヨ〃绀�)銆�/p>

%s 鎬荤鏁般�傝捣绠楁椂闂翠负1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC銆�/p>

%S 绉�(浠ユ湰鍦扮殑鎯敤娉曟潵琛ㄧず)銆�/p>

%T 鏃堕棿(鍚椂鍒嗙锛屽皬鏃朵互24灏忔椂鍒舵潵琛ㄧず)銆�/p>

%X 鏃堕棿(浠ユ湰鍦扮殑鎯敤娉曟潵琛ㄧず)銆�/p>

%Z 甯傚尯銆�/p>

%a 鏄熸湡鐨勭缉鍐欍��/p>

%A 鏄熸湡鐨勫畬鏁村悕绉般��/p>

%b 鏈堜唤鑻辨枃鍚嶇殑缂╁啓銆�/p>

%B 鏈堜唤鐨勫畬鏁磋嫳鏂囧悕绉般��/p>

%c 鏃ユ湡涓庢椂闂淬�傚彧杈撳叆date鎸囦护涔熶細鏄剧ず鍚屾牱鐨勭粨鏋溿��/p>

%d 鏃ユ湡(浠�-31鏉ヨ〃绀�)銆�/p>

%D 鏃ユ湡(鍚勾鏈堟棩)銆�/p>

%j 璇ュ勾涓殑绗嚑澶┿��/p>

%m 鏈堜唤(浠�-12鏉ヨ〃绀�)銆�/p>

%U 璇ュ勾涓殑鍛ㄦ暟銆�/p>

%w 璇ュ懆鐨勫ぉ鏁帮紝0浠ｈ〃鍛ㄦ棩锛�ｈ〃鍛ㄤ竴锛屽紓璇嶇被鎺ㄣ��/p>

%x 鏃ユ湡(浠ユ湰鍦扮殑鎯敤娉曟潵琛ㄧず)銆�/p>

%y 骞翠唤(浠�-99鏉ヨ〃绀�)銆�/p>

%Y 骞翠唤(浠ュ洓浣嶆暟鏉ヨ〃绀�)銆�/p>

%n 鍦ㄦ樉绀烘椂锛屾彃鍏ユ柊鐨勪竴琛屻��/p>

%t 鍦ㄦ樉绀烘椂锛屾彃鍏ab銆�/p>

MM 鏈堜唤(蹇呰)

DD 鏃ユ湡(蹇呰)

hh 灏忔椂(蹇呰)

mm 鍒嗛挓(蹇呰)

ss 绉�(閫夋嫨鎬�)

閫夋嫨鍙傛暟:

-d<瀛楃涓�> 銆�鏄剧ず瀛楃涓叉墍鎸囩殑鏃ユ湡涓庢椂闂淬�傚瓧绗︿覆鍓嶅悗蹇呴』鍔犱笂鍙屽紩鍙枫��/p>

-s<瀛楃涓�> 銆�鏍规嵁瀛楃涓叉潵璁剧疆鏃ユ湡涓庢椂闂淬�傚瓧绗︿覆鍓嶅悗蹇呴』鍔犱笂鍙屽紩鍙枫��/p>

-u 銆�鏄剧ずGMT銆�/p>

--help 銆�鍦ㄧ嚎甯姪銆�/p>

--version 銆�鏄剧ず鐗堟湰淇℃伅

4锛庝娇鐢ㄨ鏄庯細

1.鍦ㄦ樉绀烘柟闈紝浣跨敤鑰呭彲浠ヨ瀹氭鏄剧ず鐨勬牸寮忥紝鏍煎紡璁惧畾涓轰竴涓姞鍙峰悗鎺ユ暟涓爣璁帮紝鍏朵腑鍙敤鐨勬爣璁板垪琛ㄥ涓� % :聽 鎵撳嵃鍑� %锛�/p>

%n : 涓嬩竴琛�/p>

%t : 璺虫牸

%H : 灏忔椂(00..23)

%I : 灏忔椂(01..12)

%k : 灏忔椂(0..23)

%l : 灏忔椂(1..12)

%M : 鍒嗛挓(00..59)

%p : 鏄剧ず鏈湴 AM 鎴� PM

%r : 鐩存帴鏄剧ず鏃堕棿 (12 灏忔椂鍒讹紝鏍煎紡涓� hh:mm:ss [AP]M)

%s : 浠� 1970 骞� 1 鏈� 1 鏃� 00:00:00 UTC 鍒扮洰鍓嶄负姝㈢殑绉掓暟

%S : 绉�(00..61)

%T : 鐩存帴鏄剧ず鏃堕棿 (24 灏忔椂鍒�)

%X : 鐩稿綋浜� %H:%M:%S

%Z : 鏄剧ず鏃跺尯 %a : 鏄熸湡鍑� (Sun..Sat)

%A : 鏄熸湡鍑� (Sunday..Saturday)

%b : 鏈堜唤 (Jan..Dec)

%B : 鏈堜唤 (January..December)

%c : 鐩存帴鏄剧ず鏃ユ湡涓庢椂闂�/p>

%d : 鏃� (01..31)

%D : 鐩存帴鏄剧ず鏃ユ湡 (mm/dd/yy)

%h : 鍚� %b

%j : 涓�骞翠腑鐨勭鍑犲ぉ (001..366)

%m : 鏈堜唤 (01..12)

%U : 涓�骞翠腑鐨勭鍑犲懆 (00..53) (浠� Sunday 涓轰竴鍛ㄧ殑绗竴澶╃殑鎯呭舰)

%w : 涓�鍛ㄤ腑鐨勭鍑犲ぉ (0..6)

%W : 涓�骞翠腑鐨勭鍑犲懆 (00..53) (浠� Monday 涓轰竴鍛ㄧ殑绗竴澶╃殑鎯呭舰)

%x : 鐩存帴鏄剧ず鏃ユ湡 (mm/dd/yy)

%y : 骞翠唤鐨勬渶鍚庝袱浣嶆暟瀛� (00.99)

%Y : 瀹屾暣骞翠唤 (0000..9999)

2.鍦ㄨ瀹氭椂闂存柟闈細

date -s //璁剧疆褰撳墠鏃堕棿锛屽彧鏈塺oot鏉冮檺鎵嶈兘璁剧疆锛屽叾浠栧彧鑳芥煡鐪嬨��/p>

date -s 20080523 //璁剧疆鎴�080523锛岃繖鏍蜂細鎶婂叿浣撴椂闂磋缃垚绌�:00:00

date -s 01:01:01 //璁剧疆鍏蜂綋鏃堕棿锛屼笉浼氬鏃ユ湡鍋氭洿鏀�/p>

date -s 鈥�:01:01 2008-05-23鈥� //杩欐牱鍙互璁剧疆鍏ㄩ儴鏃堕棿

date -s 鈥�:01:01 20080523鈥� //杩欐牱鍙互璁剧疆鍏ㄩ儴鏃堕棿

date -s 鈥�08-05-23 01:01:01鈥� //杩欐牱鍙互璁剧疆鍏ㄩ儴鏃堕棿

date -s 鈥�080523 01:01:01鈥� //杩欐牱鍙互璁剧疆鍏ㄩ儴鏃堕棿

3.鍔犲噺锛�/p>

date +%Y%m%d聽 聽 聽 聽 //鏄剧ず鍓嶅ぉ骞存湀鏃�/p>

date +%Y%m%d --date="+1 day"聽 //鏄剧ず鍓嶄竴澶╃殑鏃ユ湡

date +%Y%m%d --date="-1 day"聽 //鏄剧ず鍚庝竴澶╃殑鏃ユ湡

date +%Y%m%d --date="-1 month"聽 //鏄剧ず涓婁竴鏈堢殑鏃ユ湡

date +%Y%m%d --date="+1 month"聽 //鏄剧ず涓嬩竴鏈堢殑鏃ユ湡

date +%Y%m%d --date="-1 year"聽 //鏄剧ず鍓嶄竴骞寸殑鏃ユ湡

date +%Y%m%d --date="+1 year"聽 //鏄剧ず涓嬩竴骞寸殑鏃ユ湡

5锛庝娇鐢ㄥ疄渚嬶細

瀹炰緥1锛氭樉绀哄綋鍓嶆椂闂�/p>

鍛戒护锛�/p>

澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜浠ｇ爜濡備笅:

date

date '+%c'

date '+%D'

date '+%x'

date '+%T'

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜浠ｇ爜濡備笅:

[root@localhost ~]# date

2018骞� 08鏈� 19鏃� 鏄熸湡鏃� 16:01:26 CST

[root@localhost ~]# date '+%c'

2018骞� 08鏈� 19鏃� 鏄熸湡鏃� 19:42:26 CST

[root@localhost ~]# dat'+%D'

18/08/15root@localhost ~]# date '+%x'

2018骞� 08鏈� 19鏃� 鏄熸湡鏃� 13:07:26 CST

[root@localhost ~]# date '+%T'

08:35:36[root@localhost ~]# date '+%X'

2018骞� 08鏈� 19鏃� 鏄熸湡鏃� 11:03:26 CST

[root@localhost ~]#

瀹炰緥2锛氭樉绀烘棩鏈熷拰璁惧畾鏃堕棿

鍛戒护锛歞ate --date 08:42:00

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜浠ｇ爜濡備笅:

[root@localhost ~]# date '+%c'

2018骞� 08鏈� 19鏃� 鏄熸湡鏃� 12:02:26 CST

[root@localhost ~]# date --date 08:42:00

2018骞� 08鏈� 19鏃� 鏄熸湡鏃� 14:02:24 CST

[root@localhost ~]# date '+%c' --date 08:45:00

2018骞� 08鏈� 19鏃� 鏄熸湡鏃� 13:02:32 CST

[root@localhost ~]#

[code]

瀹炰緥3锛歞ate -d鍙傛暟浣跨敤

鍛戒护锛� date -d "nov 22"

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

[code]

[root@localhost ~]# date -d "nov 22"

2018骞� 08鏈� 19鏃� 鏄熸湡鏃� 16:02:52 CST

[root@localhost ~]# date -d '2 weeks'

2018骞� 08鏈� 19鏃� 鏄熸湡鏃� 14:06:23 CST

[root@localhost ~]# date -d 'next monday'

2018骞� 08鏈� 19鏃� 鏄熸湡涓� 00:00:00 CST

璇存槑锛�#鍚庝负闇�瑕佽緭鍏ョ殑鍛戒护

date 鍛戒护鐨勫彟涓�涓墿灞曟槸 -d 閫夐」锛岃閫夐」闈炲父鏈夌敤銆備娇鐢ㄨ繖涓姛鑳藉己澶х殑閫夐」锛岄�氳繃灏嗘棩鏈熶綔涓哄紩鍙锋嫭璧锋潵鐨勫弬鏁版彁渚涳紝鎮ㄥ彲浠ュ揩閫熷湴鏌ユ槑涓�涓壒瀹氱殑鏃ユ湡銆�-d 閫夐」杩樺彲浠ュ憡璇夋偍锛岀浉瀵逛簬褰撳墠鏃ユ湡鑻ュ共澶╃殑绌剁珶鏄摢涓�澶╋紝浠庣幇鍦ㄥ紑濮嬬殑鑻ュ共澶╂垨鑻ュ共鏄熸湡浠ュ悗锛屾垨鑰呬互鍓嶏紙杩囧幓锛夈�傞�氳繃灏嗚繖涓浉瀵瑰亸绉讳娇鐢ㄥ紩鍙锋嫭璧锋潵锛屼綔涓� -d 閫夐」鐨勫弬鏁帮紝灏卞彲浠ュ畬鎴愯繖椤逛换鍔°��/p>

鍏蜂綋璇存槑濡備笅锛�/p>

date -d "nov 22"聽 浠婂勾鐨� 11 鏈� 22 鏃ユ槸鏄熸湡涓�/p>

date -d '2 weeks' 2鍛ㄥ悗鐨勬棩鏈�/p>

date -d 'next monday' (涓嬪懆涓�鐨勬棩鏈�)

date -d next-day +%Y%m%d锛堟槑澶╃殑鏃ユ湡锛夋垨鑰咃細date -d tomorrow +%Y%m%d

date -d last-day +%Y%m%d(鏄ㄥぉ鐨勬棩鏈�) 鎴栬�咃細date -d yesterday +%Y%m%d

date -d last-month +%Y%m(涓婁釜鏈堟槸鍑犳湀)

date -d next-month +%Y%m(涓嬩釜鏈堟槸鍑犳湀)

浣跨敤 ago 鎸囦护锛屾偍鍙互寰楀埌杩囧幓鐨勬棩鏈燂細

date -d '30 days ago' 锛�澶╁墠鐨勬棩鏈燂級

浣跨敤璐熸暟浠ュ緱鍒扮浉鍙嶇殑鏃ユ湡锛�/p>

date -d 'dec 14 -2 weeks' 锛堢浉瀵�dec 14杩欎釜鏃ユ湡鐨勪袱鍛ㄥ墠鐨勬棩鏈燂級

date -d '-100 days' (100澶╀互鍓嶇殑鏃ユ湡)

date -d '50 days'(50澶╁悗鐨勬棩鏈�)

瀹炰緥4锛氭樉绀烘湀浠藉拰鏃ユ暟

鍛戒护锛歞ate聽 '+%B %d'

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜浠ｇ爜濡備笅:

[root@localhost ~]# date '+%B %d'

鍗佷簩鏈�/p>

08[root@localhost ~]#

瀹炰緥5锛氭樉绀烘椂闂村悗璺宠锛屽啀鏄剧ず鐩墠鏃ユ湡

鍛戒护锛歞ate '+%T%n%D'

杈撳嚭锛�/p>

澶嶅埗浠ｇ爜浠ｇ爜濡備笅:

[root@localhost ~]# date '+%T%n%D'

09:00:30

12/08/12

[root@localhost ~]#

5.濡備綍鑾峰彇Linux绯荤粺鍛戒护鐨勫府鍔╀俊鎭紝鎻忚堪man鏂囨。绔犺妭濡備綍鍒掑垎

linux鍛戒护鍒嗕负涓ゅぇ绫宦�/p>

## 鍐呯疆鍛戒护锛坆ultiin) ##

## 澶栭儴鍛戒护 ##

锛堜竴锛夊唴缃懡浠�/p>

涓�鑸敤help 鍐呯疆鍛戒护鏉ユ煡璇㈠叾鍔熻兘

锛堜簩锛夊缃懡浠�/p>

a. 鍛戒护鑷甫绠�瑕佹牸寮忕殑浣跨敤甯姪

b. 浣跨敤鎵嬪唽锛歮anual

c. infor 鍛戒护

d. 寰堝搴旂敤绋嬪簭浼氳嚜甯﹀府鍔╂枃妗�/p>

e. 涓绘祦鍙戣鐗堢殑瀹樻柟鏂囨。

f. 绋嬪簭鐨勫畼鏂规枃妗�/p>

g. 鍠勭敤鎼滅储寮曟搸

6.缃楀垪Linux鍙戣鐗堢殑鍩虹鐩綍鍚嶇О鍛藉悕娉曞垯鍙婂姛鐢ㄨ瀹�/h1>

Linux鍙戣鐗堟渶鍩烘湰鐨勭洰褰�/h2>

锛�/锛�/b>聽鏍圭洰褰暵�/p>

/boot

/etc

/sbin

/bin

/root

/home

/usr

/dev

/var

/mnt

/tmp

/lib

/ib64

/opt

/media

/proc

/srv

/sys

FHS锛氭枃浠剁郴缁�/p>

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

/鏍圭洰褰曪細涓�鑸綅浜巐inux鐩綍缁撴瀯鐨勯《灞傦紝涓�鑸牴鐩綍涓嬮潰鍙瓨鏀剧洰褰曪紝涓嶅瓨鏀炬枃浠躲��/p>

/bin锛氭墍鏈夌敤鎴峰彲鐢ㄧ殑鍩烘湰鍛戒护绋嬪簭鏂囦欢锛�/p>

/sbin锛氫緵绯荤粺绠＄悊浣跨敤鐨勫伐鍏风▼搴忥紱

/boot锛氬紩瀵煎姞杞藉櫒蹇呴』鐢ㄥ埌鐨勫悇闈欐�佹枃浠讹細kernel, initramfs(initrd), grub绛夛紱

/dev锛氬瓨鍌ㄧ壒娈婃枃浠舵垨璁惧鏂囦欢锛�/p>

璁惧鏈変袱绉嶇被鍨嬶細瀛楃璁惧(绾挎�ц澶�)銆佸潡璁惧(闅忔満璁惧)锛�/p>

/etc锛氱郴缁熺▼搴忕殑閰嶇疆鏂囦欢锛屽彧鑳戒负闈欐�侊紱

/home锛氭櫘閫氱殑瀹剁洰褰曠殑闆嗕腑浣嶇疆锛涗竴鑸瘡涓櫘閫氱敤鎴风殑瀹剁洰褰曢粯璁や负姝ょ洰褰曚笅涓庣敤鎴峰悕鍚屽悕鐨勫瓙鐩綍锛�/home/USERNAME锛�/p>

/root锛氱鐞嗗憳鐨勫鐩綍锛涘彲閫夛紱

/lib锛氫负绯荤粺鍚姩鎴栨牴鏂囦欢绯荤粺涓婄殑搴旂敤绋嬪簭(/bin, /sbin绛�)鎻愪緵鍏变韩搴擄紝浠ュ強涓哄唴鏍告彁渚涘唴鏍告ā鍧�/p>

libc.so.*锛氬姩鎬侀摼鎺ョ殑C搴擄紱

ld*锛氳繍琛屾椂閾炬帴鍣�/鍔犺浇鍣紱

modules锛氱敤浜庡瓨鍌ㄥ唴鏍告ā鍧楃殑鐩綍锛�/p>

/lib64锛�浣嶇郴缁熺壒鏈夌殑瀛樻斁64浣嶅叡浜簱鐨勮矾寰勶紱

/media锛氫究鎼哄紡璁惧鎸傝浇鐐癸紝cdrom, floppy绛夛紱

/mnt锛氬叾瀹冩枃浠剁郴缁熺殑涓存椂鎸傝浇鐐癸紱

/opt锛氶檮鍔犲簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕殑瀹夎浣嶇疆锛涘彲閫夎矾寰勶紱

/srv锛氬綋鍓嶄富鏈轰负鏈嶅姟鎻愪緵鐨勬暟鎹紱

/tmp锛氫负閭ｄ簺浼氫骇鐢熶复鏃舵枃浠剁殑绋嬪簭鎻愪緵鐨勭敤浜庡瓨鍌ㄤ复鏃舵枃浠剁殑鐩綍锛涘彲渚涙墍鐢ㄦ埛鎵ц鍐欏叆鎿嶄綔锛涙湁鐗规畩鏉冮檺锛�/p>

/usr锛歶sr Hierarchy锛屽叏灞�鍏变韩鐨勫彧璇绘暟鎹矾寰勶紱

bin, sbin

lib, lib64

include锛欳绋嬪簭澶存枃浠讹紱

share锛氬懡浠ゆ墜鍐岄〉鍜岃嚜甯︽枃妗ｇ瓑鏋舵瀯鐗规湁鐨勬枃浠剁殑瀛樺偍浣嶇疆

local锛氬彟涓�涓眰绾х洰褰曪紱

X11R6锛歑-Window绋嬪簭鐨勫畨瑁呬綅缃�/p>

src锛氱▼搴忔簮鐮佹枃浠剁殑瀛樺偍浣嶇疆

/usr/local锛歀ocal hierarchy锛岃绯荤粺绠＄悊鍛樺畨瑁呮湰鍦板簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忥紱涔熼�氬父鐢ㄤ簬瀹夎绗笁鏂圭▼搴忥紱

/var锛�/var Hierarchy锛屽瓨鍌ㄥ父鍙戠敓鍙樺寲鐨勬暟鎹殑鐩綍锛�/p>

cache Application cache data

lib Variable state information

local Variable data for /usr/local

lock Lock files

log Log files and directories

opt Variable data for /opt

run Data relevant to running processes

spool Application spool data

tmp Temporary files preserved between system reboots

/proc锛氬熀浜庡唴瀛樼殑铏氭嫙鏂囦欢绯荤粺锛岀敤浜庝负鍐呮牳鍙婅繘绋嬪瓨鍌ㄥ叾鐩稿叧淇℃伅锛涘畠浠涓哄唴鏍稿弬鏁帮紝渚嬪net.ipv4.ip_forward, 铏氭嫙涓簄et/ipv4/ip_forward, 瀛樺偍浜�/proc/sys/, 鍥犳鍏跺畬鏁磋矾寰勪负/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward锛�/p>

/sys锛歴ysfs铏氭嫙鏂囦欢绯荤粺鎻愪緵浜嗕竴绉嶆瘮proc鏇翠负鐞嗘兂鐨勮闂唴鏍告暟鎹殑閫斿緞锛涘叾涓昏浣滅敤鍦ㄤ簬涓虹鐞哃inux璁惧鎻愪緵涓�绉嶇粺涓�妯″瀷鐨勭殑鎺ュ彛锛�/p>

鍙傝�冿細https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-sysfs/聽