Unit 1 比较(注意:只有形容词和副词才会有比较)
比较变化
为了表示性质、程度等差异,形容词在字形上所做的变化,称为比较。比较分为原级、比较级、最高级。
(1)规则变化
1.原级+er, est
short-shorter-shortest
2.原级字尾有e+r, st
nice-nicer-nicest
3.原级为短元音+辅音→重复字尾+er, est
hot-hotter-hottest
4.原级字尾为辅音+y→去y+ier, iest
easy-easier-easiest
5.两音节以上的形容词→more, most+原级
beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
(2)不规则变化 注意:不规则变化并不是很多,大多数变化都是规则变化,所以不规则变化只要记住列举出来的就可以。
bad (坏的)、ill (生病)-worse-worst
good (好的)、well (健康)-better-best
many (指可数的)、much (指不可数的)-more-most
little (少的)-less-least
far (远的)-farther-farthest(表距离)
far (远的)-further-furthest(表程度,数量,距离) 常用
late (晚的;迟的)-later-latest (表时间) 时间最晚也可以解释成最新的
late-lastter-last (表顺序)
old (老的;旧的)-older-oldest(表年纪;新旧)
old-elder-eldest (表长幼)
例:l. He was happy in(指生活时用in)his later life. (他晚年很快乐。)
2. As forFrench and German, the latter is more difficult for me than the former.
(就法文和德文而言,我觉得后者比前者难。) 注意:as for 就什么而言 上述latter是表顺序
形容词的比较级
(1) 比较级 ~ than~
例:1. Your article is longer than mine. (你的文章比我长。)
2. Mary is more beautiful than she/her. (口语) (玛丽比她漂亮。)
(2) the+比较级 ~of the two/ both /parents/ twins~
例:1. Kevin is the older of the two boys. (Kevin是两位男孩中年纪较大的。)
2. Jack is the more active of the twins. (Jack是这对双胞胎中较活跃的。)
(3) 修饰比较级的词语
much, a lot, far(表程度的副词或词组)+比较级→…得多了
even+比较级→…更加 a little+比较→…一点 (much、a lot、far、even 可以通用 )
例:1. He is much busier than I(me). (他比我忙碌得多了。)
2. This is a little cheaper than that. (这个比那个便宜一点。)
3. The price of the blue pants is far higher than that of the green pants. (蓝裤子的价格比绿裤子的价格高得多。)
注意:上述句子中要用be动词is,因为真正的主语是price ,而不是它前面的pants。
昂贵: expensive 遇到价格的时候不能用昂贵这个单词,at high /low price翻译成以很高的价格或者很低的价格 举例: I sold my car at high price 我以很高的价格卖掉我的车
4. The weather in Kaohsiung is far hotter than that in Taipei.
=The weather is far hotter in Kaohsiung than in Taipei.(两种表达方式)
(高雄的天气比台北的天气更加炎热。)
注意:比较时,若主题相同或语意上清楚明白时,than后面的主语和动词部分可省略。
例:They live a more pleasant life than (they did) before. (他们现在比以前过着更愉快的生活。)
Live a~life 过什么样的生活
(4) 比较级…to… 注意:这里to是介词
junior(年幼的)、senior(年长的)、major(大的)、minor(小的)等形容词,本身就有比较级的含义,在表示比较的对象时,不用than而用to。
例:She is two years older than I / me. 注意:这里I和me,都可以,用的多的是than后面用宾格me。
=She is senior to me by two years. (她比我大2岁。) 注意:这里是用了by这个介词。
She is two years younger than I / me. =She is junior to me by two years. (她比我小2岁。)
(5) 比较级的惯用表现
a.比较级 and 比较级 越来越…… taller and taller越来越高
例:The story became more and more interesting. (这故事变得越来越有趣。)
more and more important(越来越重要)more and more danger(越来越危险)
more and more convenience(越来越方便)
b. the比较级,the比较级 越……越……
例:l. The more, the better. (越多越好。)
2. The more we get, the happier we'll be. (我们得到越多就越快乐。)
3.The more we make friend(交朋友),the happier we'll be.
c.more than 超过
less than 少于
例:The man is more than / over eighty years old. (这个人超过80岁。)