SpringCloud学习之zuul

一。为什么要有网关

  我们先看一个图,如果按照consumer and server(最初的调用方式),如下所示

SpringCloud学习之zuul_第1张图片

  这样我们要面临如下问题:

  1. 用户面临着一对N的问题既用户必须知道每个服务。随着服务的增多难免会....

  2.消费端(在这里可能是服务,也有可能为controller等),如何进行安全控制?比如说对调用者身份的验证,防止爬虫,或者限制IP在一定时间内的请求数?

  3.即便做了这些验证,那么每个消费端都要重复的编写代码?会不会造成冗余?

  那么解决这些问题,我们不妨进行改造一下:

  SpringCloud学习之zuul_第2张图片

  这样我们可以将一对N转成了一对一,用户只需跟网关打交道就好了,这样我们可以在网关里处理身份验证等安全性问题,何乐而不为呢

 

二。SpringCloud中的zuul

  Zuul 是在云平台上提供动态路由,监控,弹性,安全等服务框架,Zuul 相当于是设备和 Netflix 流应用的 Web 网站后端所有请求的前门。同时Zuul使用一系列不同类型的过滤器,使我们能够快速,灵活地将功能应用于我们的安全服务。这些过滤器可帮助我们执行以下功能:

  • 身份验证和安全性 - 识别每个资源的身份验证要求并拒绝不符合要求的请求。

  • 洞察和监测 - 跟踪有意义的数据和统计数据,以便为我们提供准确的生产视图。

  • 动态路由 - 根据需要动态路由请求到不同的后端群集。

  • 压力测试 - 逐渐增加群集流量以衡量性能。

  • 加载Shedding - 为每种类型的请求分配容量并删除超出限制的请求。

  • 静态响应处理 - 直接在边缘建立一些响应,而不是将它们转发到内部群集

  • 多区域弹性 - 跨AWS区域的路由请求,以便扩大我们的ELB使用范围。

 

  1.首先我们先添加spring-cloud对zuul的依赖:

compile('org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-starter-zuul')

  2.我们创建application.yml配置文件:

 

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-server
server:
  port: 8080
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8000/eureka
zuul:
  routes:
    orders:
      path: /orders/**
      #url: http://www.baidu.com
      serviceId: ORDER-SERVER
    pay:
      path: /pay/**
      serviceId: PAY-SERVER
View Code

 

 

  3.编写启动类

package com.zhibo.springcloud.zuul;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class,args);
    }
}
View Code

 

  注意@EnableZuulProxy是@EnableZuulServer的一个超集,我们可以通过源代码发现 org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.ZuulProxyAutoConfiguration继承了ZuulServerAutoConfiguration

三。 zuul中的filter

  4.1 filter(过滤器)是一个很重要的概念,它可以在真正的请求之前进行必要的业务操作,比如说验证等。那么在zuul中过滤器最核心的接口为IZuulFilter,该接口定义非常简单: 

/*
 * Copyright 2013 Netflix, Inc.
 *
 *      Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *      you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *      You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *      Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *      distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *      limitations under the License.
 */
package com.netflix.zuul;

import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;

/**
 * BAse interface for ZuulFilters
 *
 * @author Mikey Cohen
 *         Date: 10/27/11
 *         Time: 3:03 PM
 */
public interface IZuulFilter {
    /**
     * a "true" return from this method means that the run() method should be invoked
     *
     * @return true if the run() method should be invoked. false will not invoke the run() method
     */
    boolean shouldFilter();

    /**
     * if shouldFilter() is true, this method will be invoked. this method is the core method of a ZuulFilter
     *
     * @return Some arbitrary artifact may be returned. Current implementation ignores it.
     * @throws ZuulException if an error occurs during execution.
     */
    Object run() throws ZuulException;

}
View Code

  而ZuulFilter是一个实现IZuulFilter接口的抽象类,这个类在接口的基础上又添加了如下抽象方法

/**
     * to classify a filter by type. Standard types in Zuul are "pre" for pre-routing filtering,
     * "route" for routing to an origin, "post" for post-routing filters, "error" for error handling.
     * We also support a "static" type for static responses see  StaticResponseFilter.
     * Any filterType made be created or added and run by calling FilterProcessor.runFilters(type)
     *
     * @return A String representing that type
     */
    abstract public String filterType();

    /**
     * filterOrder() must also be defined for a filter. Filters may have the same  filterOrder if precedence is not
     * important for a filter. filterOrders do not need to be sequential.
     *
     * @return the int order of a filter
     */
    abstract public int filterOrder();
View Code

  我在这里简单解释一下这几个方法作用:

  filterType:定义过滤器的类型:常见的有pre(预处理阶段) post(请求原始服务之前) error(发生错误以后) route(请求原始服务之后)

  filterOrder:定义多个过滤器的优先级,值越小优先级越高

  shouldFilter:值如果为true,那么终会执行run()方法

  run : 过滤器实际上执行的内容

 

  4.2 RequestContext是ConcurrentMap的一个子类,这个类可以拿到HttpServletRequest与HttpServletResponse,同时这个类当中的数据可以被多个zuulFilter共享,其中有几个方法值得我们注意以下:

   getCurrentContext() 获取ThreadLocal中的RequestContext对象

   setSendZuulResponse() 如果设置为false那么将终止对原始地址的路由

   setResponseStatusCode() 设置http的状态响应码

   addZuulResponseHeader() 设置响应头,通过这个方法我们能解决响应时中文乱码问题

   setResponseBody() 设置响应体

 

  4.3 代码示例:实现用户名验证 

 

package com.zhibo.springcloud.zuul;

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Component
public class ValidateUserZuulFilter extends ZuulFilter {

    /**
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return "pre";
    }

    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = requestContext.getRequest();
        String loginName = request.getParameter("loginName");
        if (loginName == null || !"admin".equals(loginName)) {
            requestContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            requestContext.setResponseStatusCode(500);
            Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
            requestContext.addZuulResponseHeader("content-type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
            requestContext.setResponseBody(gson.toJson(new ResponseEntity("没有登录名", HttpStatus.CONFLICT)));
            return null;
        }
        return null;
    }
}
View Code

 

 

四。zuul中超时的设置总结

  在这篇文章里已经很详细的说明了,请大家参考:周立的Springcloud超时总结

你可能感兴趣的:(SpringCloud学习之zuul)