@Configuration注解提供了全新的bean创建方式。最初spring通过xml配置文件初始化bean并完成依赖注入工作。从spring3.0开始,在spring framework模块中提供了这个注解,搭配@Bean等注解,可以完全不依赖xml配置,在运行时完成bean的创建和初始化工作。例如:
public interface IBean { } public class AppBean implements IBean{ } //@Configuration申明了AppConfig是一个配置类 @Configuration public class AppConfig { //@Bean注解申明了一个bean,bean名称默认为方法名appBean @Bean IBean appBean(){ return new AppBean(); } }
默认情况下bean的名称和方法名称相同,你也可以使用name属性来指定,如
@Configuration注解使用
我们先来看看@Configuration 这个注解的定义
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Component //@Component元注解 public @interface Configuration { String value() default ""; }
我们看到源码里面,@Configuration 标记了@Component元注解,因此可以被@ComponentScan扫描并处理,在Spring容器初始化时Configuration类 会被注册到Bean容器中,最后还会实例化。
使用@Autowired/@Inject
因为@Configuration本身也是一个@Component,因此配置类本身也会被注册到应用上下文,并且也可以使用IOC的@Autowired/@Inject等注解来注入所需bean。我们来修改配置类如下:
@Configuration public class AppConfig { @Autowired public Environment env; @Bean IBean appBean(){ return new AppBean(); } }
使用@CompomentScan
配置类也可以自己添加注解@CompomentScan,来显式扫描需使用组件。
@Configuration 使用@Component 进行原注解,因此@Configuration 类也可以被组件扫描到(特别是使用XML元素)。
@Configuration @ComponentScan("abc.xxx") public class AppConfig { @Bean IBean appBean(){ return new AppBean(); } }
在这里认识几个注解: @Controller, @Service, @Repository, @Component
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@Controller: 表明一个注解的类是一个"Controller",也就是控制器,可以把它理解为MVC 模式的Controller 这个角色。这个注解是一个特殊的@Component,允许实现类通过类路径的扫描扫描到。它通常与@RequestMapping 注解一起使用。
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@Service: 表明这个带注解的类是一个"Service",也就是服务层,可以把它理解为MVC 模式中的Service层这个角色,这个注解也是一个特殊的@Component,允许实现类通过类路径的扫描扫描到
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@Repository: 表明这个注解的类是一个"Repository",团队实现了JavaEE 模式中像是作为"Data Access Object" 可能作为DAO来使用,当与 PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor 结合使用时,这样注释的类有资格获得Spring转换的目的。这个注解也是@Component 的一个特殊实现,允许实现类能够被自动扫描到
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@Component: 表明这个注释的类是一个组件,当使用基于注释的配置和类路径扫描时,这些类被视为自动检测的候选者。
@Target({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Component public @interface Controller { @AliasFor(annotation = Component.class) String value() default ""; } @Target({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Component public @interface Service { @AliasFor(annotation = Component.class) String value() default ""; } @Target({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Component public @interface Repository { @AliasFor(annotation = Component.class) String value() default ""; }
我们可以看到@Controller, @Service, @Repository这三个注解上都有@Component这个注解
也就是说,上面四个注解标记的类都能够通过@ComponentScan 扫描到,上面四个注解最大的区别就是使用的场景和语义不一样,比如你定义一个Service类想要被Spring进行管理,你应该把它定义为@Service 而不是@Controller因为我们从语义上讲,@Service更像是一个服务的类,而不是一个控制器的类,@Component通常被称作组件,它可以标注任何你没有严格予以说明的类,比如说是一个配置类,它不属于MVC模式的任何一层,这个时候你更习惯于把它定义为 @Component。@Controller,@Service,@Repository 的注解上都有@Component,所以这三个注解都可以用@Component进行替换。
同@Import注解组合使用
新建一个配置类,例如数据库配置类:
@Configuration public class DatabaseConfig { @Bean public DataSource dataSource(){ return new DataSource(){ ... }; } }
然后在AppConfig中用@Import来导入配置类
@Configuration @Import(DatabaseConfig.class) public class AppConfig { @Autowired public DataSource dataSource; //注入的bean在DatabaseConfig.class中定义 @Bean IBean appBean(){ return new AppBean(); } }
最后执行:
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class); DatabaseConfig dataSourceConfig = context.getBean(DatabaseConfig.class);
可以看到只注册了AppConfig.class,容器自动会把@Import指向的配置类初始化。
同@Profile注解组合使用
在配置类中可以申明@Profile注解,仅当满足profile条件时,才会处理配置类,也可以将@Profile注解加载配置类中的每一个@Bean来实现更细粒度的条件控制。
@Configuration @Profile("develop") public class DatabaseConfig { @Bean public DataSource dataSource(){ return new DataSource(){...}; } }
嵌套使用@Configuration
在配置类中可以创建静态内部类,并添加@Configuration注解,这样上下文只需要注册最外面的配置类,内部的配置类会自动被加载。这样做省略了@Import,因为本身就在配置类内部,无需再特别指定了。
@Configuration public class AppConfig { @Autowired public DataSource dataSource; //注入的bean在内部定义 @Configuration public static class DatabaseConfig{ @Bean DataSource dataSource(){ return new DataSource() {...}; } } @Bean IBean appBean(){ return new AppBean(); } }
注意:任何嵌套的@Configuration 都必须是static 的。
@Lazy初始化
默认情况下,配置类中的Bean都随着应用上下文被初始化,可以在配置类中添加@Lazy注解来延迟初始化,当然也可以在每个@Bean注解上添加,来实现更细粒度的控制。
@Configuration @Lazy//延时加载 public class AppConfig { @Bean IBean appBean(){ return new AppBean(); } }
配置类约束
- 配置类必须为显式申明的类,而不能通过工厂类方法返回实例。允许运行时类增强。
- 配置类不允许标记final。
- 配置类必须全局可见(不允许定义在方法本地内部类中)
- 嵌套配置类必须申明为static 内部类
- @Bean方法不可以再创建新的配置类(所有实例都当做bean处理,不解析相关配置注解)
@Configuration源码
ApplicationContext的refresh方法
在我之前的一篇文章spring5 源码深度解析-----ApplicationContext容器refresh过程中写过,Spring容器启动时,即ApplicationContext接口实现类的对象实例执行refresh方法时,在Bean初始化完成之前,有一个扩展点,用来操作BeanFactory,来扩展对应的功能,比喻往BeanFactory中注册BeanDefintion,我们回顾一下ApplicationContext的refresh函数:
1 public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException { 2 synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) { 3 //准备刷新的上下文 环境 4 prepareRefresh(); 5 //初始化BeanFactory,并进行XML文件读取 6 ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory(); 7 //对beanFactory进行各种功能填充 8 prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory); 9 try { 10 postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory); 11 //激活各种beanFactory处理器 12 invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory); 13 //注册拦截Bean创建的Bean处理器,这里只是注册,真正的调用实在getBean时候 14 registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory); 15 //为上下文初始化Message源,即不同语言的消息体,国际化处理 16 initMessageSource(); 17 //初始化应用消息广播器,并放入“applicationEventMulticaster”bean中 18 initApplicationEventMulticaster(); 19 //留给子类来初始化其它的Bean 20 onRefresh(); 21 //在所有注册的bean中查找Listener bean,注册到消息广播器中 22 registerListeners(); 23 //初始化剩下的单实例(非惰性的) 24 finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory); 25 //完成刷新过程,通知生命周期处理器lifecycleProcessor刷新过程,同时发出ContextRefreshEvent通知别人 26 finishRefresh(); 27 } 28 catch (BeansException ex) { 29 if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) { 30 logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " + 31 "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex); 32 } 33 destroyBeans(); 34 cancelRefresh(ex); 35 throw ex; 36 } 37 finally { 38 resetCommonCaches(); 39 } 40 } 41 }
看到第12行,在初始化BeanFactory后,会激活各种beanFactory处理器,我们来看看invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors方法
1 public static void invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, ListbeanFactoryPostProcessors) { 2 3 // Invoke BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors first, if any. 4 // 1、首先调用BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessors 5 Set processedBeans = new HashSet<>(); 6 7 // beanFactory是BeanDefinitionRegistry类型 8 if (beanFactory instanceof BeanDefinitionRegistry) { 9 BeanDefinitionRegistry registry = (BeanDefinitionRegistry) beanFactory; 10 // 定义BeanFactoryPostProcessor 11 List regularPostProcessors = new ArrayList<>(); 12 // 定义BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor集合 13 List registryProcessors = new ArrayList<>(); 14 15 // 循环手动注册的beanFactoryPostProcessors 16 for (BeanFactoryPostProcessor postProcessor : beanFactoryPostProcessors) { 17 // 如果是BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor的实例话,则调用其postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry方法,对bean进行注册操作 18 if (postProcessor instanceof BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor) { 19 // 如果是BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor类型,则直接调用其postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry 20 BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor registryProcessor = (BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor) postProcessor; 21 registryProcessor.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(registry); 22 registryProcessors.add(registryProcessor); 23 } 24 // 否则则将其当做普通的BeanFactoryPostProcessor处理,直接加入regularPostProcessors集合,以备后续处理 25 else { 26 regularPostProcessors.add(postProcessor); 27 } 28 } 29 //略.... 30 } 31 32 // 2、如果不是BeanDefinitionRegistry的实例,那么直接调用其回调函数即可-->postProcessBeanFactory 33 else { 34 // Invoke factory processors registered with the context instance. 35 invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactoryPostProcessors, beanFactory); 36 } 37 //略.... 38 }
我们看看第21行,看看其实现类,如下截图,发现其中有一个ConfigurationClassPostProcessor,这个类就是本章的重点
ConfigurationClassPostProcessor这个BeanFactoryPostProcessor,来开启整个@Configuration注解的系列类的加载的,即开启基于@Configuration的类配置代替beans标签的容器配置的相关bean的加载。
ConfigurationClassPostProcessor
public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { //生成唯一标识,用于重复处理验证 int registryId = System.identityHashCode(registry); if (this.registriesPostProcessed.contains(registryId)) { throw new IllegalStateException( "postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry already called on this post-processor against " + registry); } if (this.factoriesPostProcessed.contains(registryId)) { throw new IllegalStateException( "postProcessBeanFactory already called on this post-processor against " + registry); } this.registriesPostProcessed.add(registryId); //解析Java类配置bean processConfigBeanDefinitions(registry); }
processConfigBeanDefinitions(registry)处理逻辑:
public void processConfigBeanDefinitions(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { ListconfigCandidates = new ArrayList<>(); //所有已经注册的bean String[] candidateNames = registry.getBeanDefinitionNames(); //遍历bean定义信息 for (String beanName : candidateNames) { BeanDefinition beanDef = registry.getBeanDefinition(beanName); if (ConfigurationClassUtils.isFullConfigurationClass(beanDef) || ConfigurationClassUtils.isLiteConfigurationClass(beanDef)) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Bean definition has already been processed as a configuration class: " + beanDef); } } //1.如果当前的bean是Javabean配置类(含有@Configuration注解的类),则加入到集合configCandidates中, else if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(beanDef, this.metadataReaderFactory)) { configCandidates.add(new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDef, beanName)); } } // Return immediately if no @Configuration classes were found // 没有@Configuration注解的类,直接退出 if (configCandidates.isEmpty()) { return; } // 多个Java配置类,按@Ordered注解排序 configCandidates.sort((bd1, bd2) -> { int i1 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd1.getBeanDefinition()); int i2 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd2.getBeanDefinition()); return Integer.compare(i1, i2); }); // Detect any custom bean name generation strategy supplied through the enclosing application context SingletonBeanRegistry sbr = null; if (registry instanceof SingletonBeanRegistry) { sbr = (SingletonBeanRegistry) registry; if (!this.localBeanNameGeneratorSet) { BeanNameGenerator generator = (BeanNameGenerator) sbr.getSingleton(CONFIGURATION_BEAN_NAME_GENERATOR); if (generator != null) { this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator = generator; this.importBeanNameGenerator = generator; } } } if (this.environment == null) { this.environment = new StandardEnvironment(); } // Parse each @Configuration class //初始化一个ConfigurationClassParser解析器,可以解析@Congiguration配置类 ConfigurationClassParser parser = new ConfigurationClassParser( this.metadataReaderFactory, this.problemReporter, this.environment, this.resourceLoader, this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator, registry); Set candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>(configCandidates); Set alreadyParsed = new HashSet<>(configCandidates.size()); do { //2.解析Java配置类 parser.parse(candidates); //主要校验配置类不能使用final修饰符(CGLIB代理是生成一个子类,因此原先的类不能使用final修饰) parser.validate(); //排除已处理过的配置类 Set configClasses = new LinkedHashSet<>(parser.getConfigurationClasses()); configClasses.removeAll(alreadyParsed); // Read the model and create bean definitions based on its content if (this.reader == null) { this.reader = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader( registry, this.sourceExtractor, this.resourceLoader, this.environment, this.importBeanNameGenerator, parser.getImportRegistry()); } //3.加载bean定义信息,主要实现将@bean @Configuration @Import @ImportResource @ImportRegistrar注册为bean this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses); alreadyParsed.addAll(configClasses); //清空已处理的配置类 candidates.clear(); //再次获取容器中bean定义数量 如果大于 之前获取的bean定义数量,则说明有新的bean注册到容器中,需要再次解析 if (registry.getBeanDefinitionCount() > candidateNames.length) { String[] newCandidateNames = registry.getBeanDefinitionNames(); Set oldCandidateNames = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(candidateNames)); Set alreadyParsedClasses = new HashSet<>(); for (ConfigurationClass configurationClass : alreadyParsed) { alreadyParsedClasses.add(configurationClass.getMetadata().getClassName()); } for (String candidateName : newCandidateNames) { if (!oldCandidateNames.contains(candidateName)) { BeanDefinition bd = registry.getBeanDefinition(candidateName); //新注册的bean如果也是@Configuration配置类,则添加到数据,等待解析 if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(bd, this.metadataReaderFactory) && !alreadyParsedClasses.contains(bd.getBeanClassName())) { candidates.add(new BeanDefinitionHolder(bd, candidateName)); } } } candidateNames = newCandidateNames; } } while (!candidates.isEmpty()); // Register the ImportRegistry as a bean in order to support ImportAware @Configuration classes if (sbr != null && !sbr.containsSingleton(IMPORT_REGISTRY_BEAN_NAME)) { sbr.registerSingleton(IMPORT_REGISTRY_BEAN_NAME, parser.getImportRegistry()); } if (this.metadataReaderFactory instanceof CachingMetadataReaderFactory) { // Clear cache in externally provided MetadataReaderFactory; this is a no-op // for a shared cache since it'll be cleared by the ApplicationContext. ((CachingMetadataReaderFactory) this.metadataReaderFactory).clearCache(); } }
processConfigBeanDefinitions整个方法可以大体划分为三个阶段:
- 从容器中获取和Configuration有关系的BeanDefinition
- 以该BeanDefinition为起点,进行解析操作,得到解析结果集
- 将解析到的结果集加载到容器中,即构造成一个BeanDefinition放到容器中待初始化
1、判断类是否与@Configuration有关
在上面第1步中,有@Configuration注解的会加入到集合当中,这个判断是在ConfigurationClassUtils#checkConfigurationClassCandidate
当中实现
public static boolean checkConfigurationClassCandidate(BeanDefinition beanDef, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) { String className = beanDef.getBeanClassName(); if (className == null || beanDef.getFactoryMethodName() != null) { return false; } //获取注解元数据信息 AnnotationMetadata metadata; if (beanDef instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition && className.equals(((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) beanDef).getMetadata().getClassName())) { metadata = ((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) beanDef).getMetadata(); } else if (beanDef instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition && ((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDef).hasBeanClass()) { Class> beanClass = ((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDef).getBeanClass(); metadata = new StandardAnnotationMetadata(beanClass, true); } else { try { MetadataReader metadataReader = metadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(className); metadata = metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata(); } catch (IOException ex) { return false; } } // 查找当前注解是否是与@Configuration相关 // 该方法还会判断该注解上的注解是否有@Configuration,一直往上寻找 // 因为有的注解为复合注解 if (isFullConfigurationCandidate(metadata)) { beanDef.setAttribute(CONFIGURATION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE, CONFIGURATION_CLASS_FULL); } // 查找当前注解上是否有ComponentScan、Component、Import、ImportResource注解 //如果没有则查找Bean注解,同上,一直往上查找 else if (isLiteConfigurationCandidate(metadata)) { beanDef.setAttribute(CONFIGURATION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE, CONFIGURATION_CLASS_LITE); } else { return false; } return true; }
我们看看isFullConfigurationCandidate和isLiteConfigurationCandidate
public static boolean isFullConfigurationCandidate(AnnotationMetadata metadata) { return metadata.isAnnotated(Configuration.class.getName()); }
public static boolean isLiteConfigurationCandidate(AnnotationMetadata metadata) { // Do not consider an interface or an annotation... if (metadata.isInterface()) { return false; } // Any of the typical annotations found? for (String indicator : candidateIndicators) { if (metadata.isAnnotated(indicator)) { return true; } } // Finally, let's look for @Bean methods... try { return metadata.hasAnnotatedMethods(Bean.class.getName()); } catch (Throwable ex) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Failed to introspect @Bean methods on class [" + metadata.getClassName() + "]: " + ex); } return false; } } private static final SetcandidateIndicators = new HashSet<>(8); static { candidateIndicators.add(Component.class.getName()); candidateIndicators.add(ComponentScan.class.getName()); candidateIndicators.add(Import.class.getName()); candidateIndicators.add(ImportResource.class.getName()); }
2、解析Java配置类parser.parse(candidates)
parser.parse(candidates)方法最终调用processConfigurationClass方法来处理@Configuration配置类,ConfigurationClassParser. processConfigurationClass()方法实现代码如下:
protected void processConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClass configClass) throws IOException { //判断是否需要解析 if (this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass.getMetadata(), ConfigurationPhase.PARSE_CONFIGURATION)) { return; } //判断同一个配置类是否重复加载过,如果重复加载过,则合并,否则从集合中移除旧的配置类,后续逻辑将处理新的配置类 ConfigurationClass existingClass = this.configurationClasses.get(configClass); if (existingClass != null) { if (configClass.isImported()) { if (existingClass.isImported()) { existingClass.mergeImportedBy(configClass); } // Otherwise ignore new imported config class; existing non-imported class overrides it. return; } else { // Explicit bean definition found, probably replacing an import. // Let's remove the old one and go with the new one. this.configurationClasses.remove(configClass); this.knownSuperclasses.values().removeIf(configClass::equals); } } // Recursively process the configuration class and its superclass hierarchy. SourceClass sourceClass = asSourceClass(configClass); do { //【真正解析配置类】 sourceClass = doProcessConfigurationClass(configClass, sourceClass); } while (sourceClass != null); //再次添加到到集合中 this.configurationClasses.put(configClass, configClass); }
doProcessConfigurationClass方法主要实现从配置类中解析所有bean,包括处理内部类,父类以及各种注解
ConfigurationClassParser. doProcessConfigurationClass()解析配置类逻辑如下:
protected final SourceClass doProcessConfigurationClass(ConfigurationClass configClass, SourceClass sourceClass) throws IOException { //递归处理任何成员(嵌套)类 processMemberClasses(configClass, sourceClass); // 处理@PropertySource注解 for (AnnotationAttributes propertySource : AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable( sourceClass.getMetadata(), PropertySources.class, org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource.class)) { if (this.environment instanceof ConfigurableEnvironment) { processPropertySource(propertySource); } else { logger.warn("Ignoring @PropertySource annotation on [" + sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName() + "]. Reason: Environment must implement ConfigurableEnvironment"); } } // 处理@ComponentScan //获取@ComponentScan注解信息 SetcomponentScans = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesForRepeatable( sourceClass.getMetadata(), ComponentScans.class, ComponentScan.class); if (!componentScans.isEmpty() && !this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ConfigurationPhase.REGISTER_BEAN)) { for (AnnotationAttributes componentScan : componentScans) { // 按@CmponentScan注解扫描bean Set scannedBeanDefinitions = this.componentScanParser.parse(componentScan, sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName()); // 遍历扫描出的bean定义是否是配置类bean for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : scannedBeanDefinitions) { BeanDefinition bdCand = holder.getBeanDefinition().getOriginatingBeanDefinition(); if (bdCand == null) { bdCand = holder.getBeanDefinition(); } //若果扫描出的bean定义是配置类(含有@COnfiguration),则继续调用parse方法,内部再次调用doProcessConfigurationClas(),递归解析 if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(bdCand, this.metadataReaderFactory)) { parse(bdCand.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName()); } } } } //处理@Import注解 processImports(configClass, sourceClass, getImports(sourceClass), true); //处理@ImportResource注解 AnnotationAttributes importResource = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(sourceClass.getMetadata(), ImportResource.class); if (importResource != null) { String[] resources = importResource.getStringArray("locations"); Class extends BeanDefinitionReader> readerClass = importResource.getClass("reader"); for (String resource : resources) { String resolvedResource = this.environment.resolveRequiredPlaceholders(resource); configClass.addImportedResource(resolvedResource, readerClass); } } //处理@Bean注解 Set beanMethods = retrieveBeanMethodMetadata(sourceClass); for (MethodMetadata methodMetadata : beanMethods) { //将解析出的所有@Bean注解方法添加到configClass配置类信息中 configClass.addBeanMethod(new BeanMethod(methodMetadata, configClass)); } //处理接口中所有添加@Bean注解的方法,内部通过遍历所有接口,解析得到@Bean注解方法,并添加到configClass配置类信息中 processInterfaces(configClass, sourceClass); // 如果有父类,则返回父类,递归执行doProcessConfigurationClass()解析父类 if (sourceClass.getMetadata().hasSuperClass()) { String superclass = sourceClass.getMetadata().getSuperClassName(); if (superclass != null && !superclass.startsWith("java") && !this.knownSuperclasses.containsKey(superclass)) { this.knownSuperclasses.put(superclass, configClass); // Superclass found, return its annotation metadata and recurse return sourceClass.getSuperClass(); } } // No superclass -> processing is complete return null; }
下面看两个很重要的注解@Bean和@ComponentScan的实现过程
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@ComponentScan注解解析过程
SetscannedBeanDefinitions = this.componentScanParser.parse(componentScan, sourceClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
@ComponentScan注解解析,从上面的代码可以看出@ComponentScan注解解析通过调用ComponentScanAnnotationParser的parse方法完成,而parse()方法内部处理了一些scanner属性(过滤器设置)和basePackages包名处理,最终通过调用ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner.doScan方法实现扫面工作
public Setparse(AnnotationAttributes componentScan, final String declaringClass) { ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this.registry, componentScan.getBoolean("useDefaultFilters"), this.environment, this.resourceLoader); Class extends BeanNameGenerator> generatorClass = componentScan.getClass("nameGenerator"); boolean useInheritedGenerator = (BeanNameGenerator.class == generatorClass); scanner.setBeanNameGenerator(useInheritedGenerator ? this.beanNameGenerator : BeanUtils.instantiateClass(generatorClass)); ScopedProxyMode scopedProxyMode = componentScan.getEnum("scopedProxy"); if (scopedProxyMode != ScopedProxyMode.DEFAULT) { scanner.setScopedProxyMode(scopedProxyMode); } else { Class extends ScopeMetadataResolver> resolverClass = componentScan.getClass("scopeResolver"); scanner.setScopeMetadataResolver(BeanUtils.instantiateClass(resolverClass)); } scanner.setResourcePattern(componentScan.getString("resourcePattern")); for (AnnotationAttributes filter : componentScan.getAnnotationArray("includeFilters")) { for (TypeFilter typeFilter : typeFiltersFor(filter)) { scanner.addIncludeFilter(typeFilter); } } for (AnnotationAttributes filter : componentScan.getAnnotationArray("excludeFilters")) { for (TypeFilter typeFilter : typeFiltersFor(filter)) { scanner.addExcludeFilter(typeFilter); } } boolean lazyInit = componentScan.getBoolean("lazyInit"); if (lazyInit) { scanner.getBeanDefinitionDefaults().setLazyInit(true); } Set basePackages = new LinkedHashSet<>(); String[] basePackagesArray = componentScan.getStringArray("basePackages"); for (String pkg : basePackagesArray) { String[] tokenized = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(this.environment.resolvePlaceholders(pkg), ConfigurableApplicationContext.CONFIG_LOCATION_DELIMITERS); Collections.addAll(basePackages, tokenized); } for (Class> clazz : componentScan.getClassArray("basePackageClasses")) { basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz)); } if (basePackages.isEmpty()) { basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(declaringClass)); } scanner.addExcludeFilter(new AbstractTypeHierarchyTraversingFilter(false, false) { @Override protected boolean matchClassName(String className) { return declaringClass.equals(className); } }); return scanner.doScan(StringUtils.toStringArray(basePackages)); }
doScan扫描basePackages下所有bean
protected SetdoScan(String... basePackages) { Assert.notEmpty(basePackages, "At least one base package must be specified"); Set beanDefinitions = new LinkedHashSet<>(); for (String basePackage : basePackages) { //根据basePackage加载包下所有java文件,并扫描出所有bean组件 Set candidates = findCandidateComponents(basePackage); //遍历beandefition for (BeanDefinition candidate : candidates) { //解析作用域Scope ScopeMetadata scopeMetadata = this.scopeMetadataResolver.resolveScopeMetadata(candidate); candidate.setScope(scopeMetadata.getScopeName()); String beanName = this.beanNameGenerator.generateBeanName(candidate, this.registry); if (candidate instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) { postProcessBeanDefinition((AbstractBeanDefinition) candidate, beanName); } //通用注解解析到candidate结构中,主要是处理Lazy, primary DependsOn, Role ,Description这五个注解 if (candidate instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) { AnnotationConfigUtils.processCommonDefinitionAnnotations((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidate); } //检查当前bean是否已经注册,不存在则注册 if (checkCandidate(beanName, candidate)) { BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(candidate, beanName); definitionHolder = AnnotationConfigUtils.applyScopedProxyMode(scopeMetadata, definitionHolder, this.registry); beanDefinitions.add(definitionHolder); // 注册到ioc容器中,主要是一些@Component组件,@Bean注解方法并没有在此处注册,beanname和beandefinition 键值对 registerBeanDefinition(definitionHolder, this.registry); } } } return beanDefinitions; }
ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner.scanCandidateComponents实现bean定义信息扫描
private SetscanCandidateComponents(String basePackage) { Set candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>(); try { // @ComponentScan("com.sl.springlearning.extension")包路径处理:packageSearchPath = classpath*:com/sl/springlearning/extension/**/*.class String packageSearchPath = ResourcePatternResolver.CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX + resolveBasePackage(basePackage) + '/' + this.resourcePattern; //获取当前包下所有的class文件 Resource[] resources = getResourcePatternResolver().getResources(packageSearchPath); boolean traceEnabled = logger.isTraceEnabled(); boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled(); for (Resource resource : resources) { if (traceEnabled) { logger.trace("Scanning " + resource); } if (resource.isReadable()) { try { MetadataReader metadataReader = getMetadataReaderFactory().getMetadataReader(resource); //按照scanner过滤器过滤,比如配置类本身将被过滤掉,没有@Component等组件注解的类将过滤掉 //包含@Component注解的组件将创建BeanDefinition if (isCandidateComponent(metadataReader)) { ScannedGenericBeanDefinition sbd = new ScannedGenericBeanDefinition(metadataReader); sbd.setResource(resource); sbd.setSource(resource); if (isCandidateComponent(sbd)) { if (debugEnabled) { logger.debug("Identified candidate component class: " + resource); } candidates.add(sbd); } else { if (debugEnabled) { logger.debug("Ignored because not a concrete top-level class: " + resource); } } } else { if (traceEnabled) { logger.trace("Ignored because not matching any filter: " + resource); } } } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException( "Failed to read candidate component class: " + resource, ex); } } else { if (traceEnabled) { logger.trace("Ignored because not readable: " + resource); } } } } catch (IOException ex) { throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException("I/O failure during classpath scanning", ex); } return candidates; }
- @Bean注解解析过程
retrieveBeanMethodMetadata方法实现了@Bean方法的解析,但并未将实现bean实例的创建。
private SetretrieveBeanMethodMetadata(SourceClass sourceClass) { AnnotationMetadata original = sourceClass.getMetadata(); //获取所有@Bean注解的方法 Set beanMethods = original.getAnnotatedMethods(Bean.class.getName()); // 如果配置类中有多个@Bean注解的方法,则排序 if (beanMethods.size() > 1 && original instanceof StandardAnnotationMetadata) { // Try reading the class file via ASM for deterministic declaration order... // Unfortunately, the JVM's standard reflection returns methods in arbitrary // order, even between different runs of the same application on the same JVM. try { AnnotationMetadata asm = this.metadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(original.getClassName()).getAnnotationMetadata(); SetasmMethods = asm.getAnnotatedMethods(Bean.class.getName()); if (asmMethods.size() >= beanMethods.size()) { Set selectedMethods = new LinkedHashSet<>(asmMethods.size()); for (MethodMetadata asmMethod : asmMethods) { for (MethodMetadata beanMethod : beanMethods) { if (beanMethod.getMethodName().equals(asmMethod.getMethodName())) { selectedMethods.add(beanMethod); break; } } } if (selectedMethods.size() == beanMethods.size()) { // All reflection-detected methods found in ASM method set -> proceed beanMethods = selectedMethods; } } } catch (IOException ex) { logger.debug("Failed to read class file via ASM for determining @Bean method order", ex); // No worries, let's continue with the reflection metadata we started with... } } return beanMethods; }
3.加载bean定义信息 this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses)
回到ConfigurationClassPostProcessor#processConfigBeanDefinitions
方法,当调用完parse方法之后,能得到一批ConfigurationClass集合,但是这时候只是获取到,而容器中还没有对应的注册信息,那么接下来就是对这批集合进行注册处理
ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions()方法的功能就是将之前解析出的configClasses配置类信息中所有配置相关的信息添加到spring的bean定义,主要是配置类中的@Bean注解方法,配置类@ImportResource和@Import(实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口方式)的bean注册
ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions()方法 实现逻辑如下:
public void loadBeanDefinitions(SetconfigurationModel) { TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator = new TrackedConditionEvaluator(); for (ConfigurationClass configClass : configurationModel) { loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(configClass, trackedConditionEvaluator); } }
private void loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass( ConfigurationClass configClass, TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator) { if (trackedConditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass)) { String beanName = configClass.getBeanName(); if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.registry.containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) { this.registry.removeBeanDefinition(beanName); } this.importRegistry.removeImportingClass(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName()); return; } //与@Import注解相关 if (configClass.isImported()) { registerBeanDefinitionForImportedConfigurationClass(configClass); } //将@Bean方法注册为bean for (BeanMethod beanMethod : configClass.getBeanMethods()) { loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(beanMethod); } //将configClass中中ImportResource指定的资源注册为bean loadBeanDefinitionsFromImportedResources(configClass.getImportedResources()); //将configClass中ImportedRegistrar注册为bean loadBeanDefinitionsFromRegistrars(configClass.getImportBeanDefinitionRegistrars()); }
主要看下loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod方法
private void loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(BeanMethod beanMethod) { ConfigurationClass configClass = beanMethod.getConfigurationClass(); MethodMetadata metadata = beanMethod.getMetadata(); //获取方法名 String methodName = metadata.getMethodName(); // Do we need to mark the bean as skipped by its condition? if (this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(metadata, ConfigurationPhase.REGISTER_BEAN)) { configClass.skippedBeanMethods.add(methodName); return; } if (configClass.skippedBeanMethods.contains(methodName)) { return; } //获取@Bean注解的元数据信息 AnnotationAttributes bean = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(metadata, Bean.class); Assert.state(bean != null, "No @Bean annotation attributes"); // Consider name and any aliases //获取@Bean注解是否有name属性,如@Bean(name = "myBean") Listnames = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(bean.getStringArray("name"))); //默认bean的名称和方法名称相同,但是如果设置了name,就取name作为beanName String beanName = (!names.isEmpty() ? names.remove(0) : methodName); //创建一个BeanMethod的BeanDefinition ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition beanDef = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition(configClass, metadata); beanDef.setResource(configClass.getResource()); beanDef.setSource(this.sourceExtractor.extractSource(metadata, configClass.getResource())); //设置工厂方法 //后期Bean的实例化,getBean的时候,会判断BeanMethod是否存在FactoryMethod,如果存在,就使用反射调用工厂方法,返回工厂方法中的对象 if (metadata.isStatic()) { // static @Bean method beanDef.setBeanClassName(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName()); beanDef.setFactoryMethodName(methodName); } else { // instance @Bean method beanDef.setFactoryBeanName(configClass.getBeanName()); beanDef.setUniqueFactoryMethodName(methodName); } //.... this.registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, beanDefToRegister); }
上面只列出了核心代码,主要是构造了BeanDefinition,然后注册进容器,而BeanDefinition的一些属性则是由注解中获取,这部分代码省略。
另外,可以看到@Bean的方式构造的BeanDefinition的时候,与普通的不同,这种方式是会设置工厂方法去初始化,也就是说,AppConfig 类下的appBean方法被Spring当成一个工厂方法,也就是说这种方式与下列的初始化方式原理类似:
class="com.example.springboot.springbootdemo.bean.AppConfig"/>
总结
处理逻辑理了一遍后,看一下ConfigurationClassPostProcessor处理器解析@configuration配置类主要过程:
1. Spring容器初始化时注册默认后置处理器ConfigurationClassPostProcessor
2. Spring容器初始化执行refresh()方法中调用ConfigurationClassPostProcessor
3. ConfigurationClassPostProcessor处理器借助ConfigurationClassParser完成配置类解析
4. ConfigurationClassParser配置内解析过程中完成嵌套的MemberClass、@PropertySource注解、@ComponentScan注解(扫描package下的所有Class并进行迭代解析,主要是@Component组件解析及注册)、@ImportResource、@Bean等处理
5. 完成@Bean注册, @ImportResource指定bean的注册以及@Import(实现ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口方式)的bean注册
6.有@Bean注解的方法在解析的时候作为ConfigurationClass的一个属性,最后还是会转换成BeanDefinition进行处理, 而实例化的时候会作为一个工厂方法进行Bean的创建