Cocoa框架中的NSPredicate用于查询，原理和用法都类似于SQL中的where，作用相当于数据库的过滤取

pragma mark Predicate 的通配

- (void)testPredicateWildcard{
    /*(5)通配符：LIKE
     例：@"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'"
     //  *代表通配符,Like也接受[cd].
     @"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"
     */
    NSArray *placeArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Shanghai",@"Hangzhou",@"Beijing",@"Macao",@"Taishan", nil];
    NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF  like '*ai*' "];
    
    NSArray *tempArray = [placeArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
    [tempArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
        NSLog(@"obj == %@",obj);
    }];

pragma mark Predicate 字符串相关：BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS

- (void)testPredicateRelateToNSString{
    /* (4)字符串相关：BEGINSWITH、ENDSWITH、CONTAINS
     例：@"name CONTAIN[cd] 'ang'"   //包含某个字符串
     @"name BEGINSWITH[c] 'sh'"     //以某个字符串开头
     @"name ENDSWITH[d] 'ang'"      //以某个字符串结束
     注:[c]不区分大小写[d]不区分发音符号即没有重音符号[cd]既不区分大小写，也不区分发音符号。
     */
    NSArray *placeArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Shanghai",@"Hangzhou",@"Beijing",@"Macao",@"Taishan", nil];
    NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF CONTAINS [cd] 'an' "];
    // NSPredicate *predicate1 = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF Beginswith [cd] 'sh' "];
    NSArray *tempArray = [placeArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
    [tempArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
        NSLog(@"obj == %@",obj);
    }]; 
}

pragma mark Predicate 与自身相比的功能

- (void)testPredicateComparationToSelf{
    /*
     (3)字符串本身:SELF
     例：@“SELF == ‘APPLE’"
     */
    NSArray *placeArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"Shanghai",@"Hangzhou",@"Beijing",@"Macao",@"Taishan", nil];
 NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF == 'Beijing'"];
    NSArray *tempArray = [placeArray filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
    [tempArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) { NSLog(@"obj == %@",obj);
    }];   
}

pragma mark Predicate范围运算功能

- (void)testPredicateRange{
    /*
     (2)范围运算符：IN、BETWEEN
     例：@"number BETWEEN {1,5}"
     @"address IN {'shanghai','beijing'}"
     */
//    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@1,@2,@3,@4,@5,@2,@6, nil];
    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"shanghai",@"beijing", nil];
    //NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF in {2,5}"]; 找到 in 的意思是array中{2,5}的元素
    
    NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF BETWEEN {2,5}"];
    NSArray *fliterArray = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
    [fliterArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationConcurrent usingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
        NSLog(@"fliterArray = %@",obj);
    }];
}

pragma mark 测试Predicate的比较功能

- (void)testPredicateComparation{
    /*
     (1)比较运算符>,<,==,>=,<=,!=
     可用于数值及字符串
     例：@"number > 100"
     */
    NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@1,@2,@3,@4,@5,@2,@6, nil];
    NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF >4"];
    NSArray *fliterArray = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];
    [fliterArray enumerateObjectsWithOptions:NSEnumerationConcurrent usingBlock:^(id  _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
        NSLog(@"fliterArray = %@",obj);
    }];
}