iOS 多线程 - 崩溃case及应对措施

在上家公司遇到了好几次多线程崩溃导致的Case,故学习多线程容易崩溃的地方,笔记:

崩溃点

1.released twice:

多个线程同时访问set方法,可能导致被set的对象的多次释放


@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *target;

//....

dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_queue_create("parallel", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);

for (int i = 0; i < 1000000 ; i++) {

    dispatch_async(queue, ^{

        self.target = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"ksddkjalkjd%d",i];

    });

}

- (void)setUserName:(NSString *)userName {

      if (userName != _userName) {

          [userName retain];

          [_userName release];

          _userName = userName;

      }

}

2.读写时序有问题

逻辑上读写以不恰当的时序发生了(1)同时(2)不该发生的读先于写

3.在非主线程更新UI

查了一堆资料,Apple文档也只说了“Updating UI on a thread other than the main thread is a common mistake that can result in missed UI updates, visual defects, data corruptions, and crashes.”

我对于这些问题的理解:

UIKit相关的一切都是在main thread上处理的,子线程更新UI(访问某个子view的内存)的时候,可能主线程也在访问那块内存(比如拿subviews出来,一个一个绘制),可能正好撞在一起。所以更新UI的操作派发到串行的主线程就不存在可能跟老大哥撞车的问题了。

处理办法:

1.属性级别的线程安全:属性原子性

官方自旋锁实现属性的原子性


static  inline  void reallySetProperty(id  self, SEL _cmd, id newValue,

ptrdiff_t offset, bool atomic, bool  copy, bool mutableCopy)

{

 id oldValue;

 id *slot = (id*) ((char*)self + offset);

 if (copy) {

        newValue = [newValue copyWithZone:NULL];

} else  if (mutableCopy) {

        newValue = [newValue mutableCopyWithZone:NULL];

} else {

 if (*slot == newValue) return;

        newValue = objc_retain(newValue);

    }

 if (!atomic) {

        oldValue = *slot;

        *slot = newValue;

} else {

        spin_lock_t *slotlock = &PropertyLocks[GOODHASH(slot)];

        _spin_lock(slotlock);

        oldValue = *slot;

        *slot = newValue;        

        _spin_unlock(slotlock);

    }

    objc_release(oldValue);

}

2.抛出问题

该在某一线程的操作没在该线程可以直接在开发期抛出错误:

void PSPDFAssertIfNotMainThread(void) {

    NSAssert(NSThread.isMainThread, 

      @"Error: Method needs to be called on the main thread. %@", 

      [NSThread callStackSymbols]);

}

3.逻辑级别的线程安全:concurrent dispatch_queue VS @synchronized

concurrent dispatch_queue:

// header

@property (nonatomic, strong)  NSMutableSet  *delegates;

// in init

_delegateQueue = dispatch_queue_create("com.PSPDFKit.cacheDelegateQueue", 

  DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);

- (void)addDelegate:(id)delegate {

    dispatch_barrier_async(_delegateQueue, ^{

        [self.delegates addObject:delegate];

    });

}

- (void)removeAllDelegates {

    dispatch_barrier_async(_delegateQueue, ^{

 self.delegates removeAllObjects];

    });

}

- (void)callDelegateForX {

 dispatch_sync(_delegateQueue, ^{

        [self.delegates enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id delegate, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {

            // Call delegate

        }];

    });

}

如果发生次数不不是一秒几千次可以用@synchronized(有异常抛出处理所以慢一点):

// header

@property (atomic, copy) NSSet *delegates;

- (void)addDelegate:(id)delegate {

    @synchronized(self) {

 self.delegates = [self.delegates setByAddingObject:delegate];

    }

}

- (void)removeAllDelegates {

    @synchronized(self) {

 self.delegates = nil;

    }

}

- (void)callDelegateForX {

    [self.delegates enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id delegate, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {

        // Call delegate

    }];

}

4.自己设计的数据结构可以在修改方法中创造不可变copy(写放提供不可变copy)

5.不要这样把有时序问题的更新放在下一runloop:

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{

    // Some UIKit call that had timing issues but works fine

    // in the next runloop.

    [self updatePopoverSize];

});

延迟派发的更新越多,越可能出现新的时序问题,不如找准代码应该执行的位置如:viewdidload-》viewwillappear

6.自己Subclass NSOperation可以打印更多的调试信息

参考文章

Browse Issue Thread-Safe Class Design

UNDERSTANDING THE IOS MAIN THREAD

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