RedHat server6.3/centos6.5系统配置本地yum源并安装图形界面

1、说明

虚拟机上安装 redhat6.3sever版本的系统,该系统安装完毕后只具备命令行界面,而不具备图形界面。

我选择配置本地yum源再用本地yum源安装图形界面的方式。

2、用本地文件创建本地yum

VMware下的虚拟光驱位于/dev/sr0,所以,只需在redhat系统下挂载VMware中作为yum源的redhat6.3镜像,就可以配置yum库了。具体步骤及相关代码如下:

1挂载镜像

[root@localhost~]# mkdir /mnt/iso

[root@localhost~]# mount -o loop /dev/sr0 /mnt/iso

2、修改/etc/fstab配置文件使redhat镜像能开机自动挂载

[root@localhost~]#vi /etc/fstab

#在/etc/fstab的最下面添加下面一句

/dev/sr0  /mnt/iso   iso9660     ro,loop    0 0

3、编辑/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo配置文件,新建一个本地repo文件

[root@localhost~]#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

[Server]
name=Server
baseurl=file:///mnt/iso/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

 

[HighAvailability]
name=HighAvailability
baseurl=file:///mnt/iso/HighAvailability
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

[LoadBalancer]
name=LoadBalancer
baseurl=file:///mnt/iso/LoadBalancer
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

4、测试yum源是否设置完成,使用yum list即可查看是否存在大量安装软件

[root@localhost iso]# yum list|grep ftp     

至此,本地yum源配置完成,可以利用本地yum源安装必要软件。

 

3、利用本地yum源为Linux系统安装图形界面

3.1、说明

区别于redhat5系统,Redhat6版本的桌面在软件组desktop中,在开始安装桌面前必须先安装Xwindow软件组;

3.2、安装图形界面,步骤及相关代码如下

1、检查软件组,查看桌面位于哪个软件组里

[root@localhost~]#yumgrouplist
Loadedplugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Group Process
Installed Groups:
   Additional Development

……

Desktop
   Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools
   ……

X WindowSystem

……

2、安装图形界面软件组

[root@localhost~]#yum groupinstall “X Window System”
[root@localhost ~]#yumgroupinstall “Desktop”

3创建一个普通用户避免使用root用户直接登录图形界面

[root@localhost~]# useraddfieldyang

创建fieldyang的密码

[root@localhost~]# passwdfieldyang

4启动图形界面

[root@localhost~]# su -fieldyang

[fieldyang@localhost~] $startx

至此图形界面安装完毕,启动后即可直接切换至图形界面。

5、为了在图形见面进行一些必要操作以简化过程,此处更改启动模式,调整开机时默认启动方式为图形桌面,通过修改配置文件/etc/inittab即可

打开终端,输入“ vim /etc/inittab”,回车;

找到id:3:initdefault:

修改默认启动方式值为5,即“id:5:initdefault:”;

Esc退出插入模式后输入“:wq”保存退出;

 [root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/inittab
# System initialization is started by /etc/init/rcS.conf
#
# Individual runlevels are started by /etc/init/rc.conf
#
# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf
#
# Terminal gettys are handled by /etc/init/tty.conf and /etc/init/serial.conf,
# with configuration in /etc/sysconfig/init.
#
# For information on how to write upstart event handlers, or how
# upstart works, see init(5), init(8), and initctl(8).
#
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:
#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#   1 - Single user mode
#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not havenetworking)
#   3 - Full multiuser mode
#   4 - unused
#   5 - X11
#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#
id:5:initdefault:
 

【附】、centos6.5配置本地yum源

1、挂载镜像并设置开机自动挂载

[[email protected]]# mkdir /mnt/iso

[[email protected]]# mount -o loop /dev/sr0 /mnt/iso

[[email protected]]# df -h

[[email protected]]# vi /etc/fstab

#

# /etc/fstab

# Created byanaconda on Mon Jun 6 08:22:55 2016

#

# Accessiblefilesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See manpages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

UUID=87e997b7-b9b4-49b9-83ca-f37548b7e71e/                      ext4   defaults       1 1

UUID=f60df2aa-3a58-43e3-9f73-30ea7d87993d/boot                  ext4   defaults       1 2

UUID=2c43c63f-d338-4ab2-bc58-541771ced9df/home                  ext4   defaults       1 2

UUID=45569a42-6750-4280-8a9f-26dd0fefaa7fswap                   swap   defaults       0 0

tmpfs      /dev/shm               tmpfs  defaults       0 0

devpts     /dev/pts               devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0

sysfs      /sys                   sysfs  defaults       0 0

proc       /proc                  proc   defaults       0 0

/dev/sr0   /mnt/iso               iso9660 ro,loop        0 0

~

2、创建本地repos.d文件并使之生效                                                                                

[[email protected]]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[[email protected]]# ls

CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo

[[email protected]]# mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak

#使默认yum源失效

CentOS-Base.repo.bak CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo

[[email protected]]# vim CentOS6.5-Media.repo

[c6-media]

name=CentOS-$releasever- Media

#本地yum源名称(可随意修改)

baseurl=file:///mnt/iso

#光盘挂载目录/mnt/iso

gpgcheck=1

enabled=1

#使用此yum源(等于0为不启用)

gpgkey=file:///mnt/sr0/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

#本地yum源密钥

3、查看成功与否

 [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list | grephttpd

Repositoryc6-media is listed more than once in the configuration

httpd.x86_64                        2.2.15-29.el6.centos     @base/$releasever

httpd-tools.x86_64                  2.2.15-29.el6.centos     @base/$releasever

RedHat server6.3/centos6.5系统配置本地yum源并安装图形界面_第1张图片

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