mysql主从复制、半同步复制、并行复制、多组复制
一、主从复制
redhat6.5
master:server1 172.25.35.52
slave：server3 172.25.35.53
master：
[root@server2 ~]# ls
mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@server2 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@server2 ~]# yum install
mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm -y
[root@server2 ~]# grep "temporary password" /var/log/mysqld.log //查找数据库原始密码
2018-08-10T13:21:26.521345Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: EUaF grant replication slave on *.* to student@'172.25.69.%' identified by 'ZhanG@2424';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.17 sec)
mysql> show master status;
slave:
初始化过程同server2：
[root@server3 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id=3
[root@server3 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@server3 mysql]# mysql -pZhanG@2424
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.69.2',master_user='student',master_password='ZhanG@2424',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=450; //与 master 建立认证
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.26 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.69.2
Master_User: student
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 450
Relay_Log_File: server3-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //必须为yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //必须为yes
//这里尽显示部分status
测试:
master:添加数据库
mysql> create database haha;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.21 sec)
mysql> use haha;
Database changed
mysql> create table info(
-> username varchar(10) not null,
-> password varchar(10) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.93 sec)
mysql> insert into info values('user1','111');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)
mysql> insert into info values('user2','222');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.42 sec)
mysql> select * from haha.info;
slave：查看到同步过来
mysql> select * from haha.info;
二、Gtid主从复制
master：
[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf //末尾添加如下内容
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
slave：
[root@server3 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf //末尾添加如下内容
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
[root@server3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@server3 mysql]# mysql -pZhanG@2424
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.69.2' , master_user='student' , master_password='ZhanG@2424' , MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.20 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.69.2
Master_User: student
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: server3-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
测试：
master：给数据库插入内容
mysql> insert into info values('user3','333');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.22 sec)
mysql> select * from haha.info;
slave：可以同步过来
mysql> select * from haha.info;
三、半同步复制
master：
mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.37 sec)
mysql> show global variables like '%semi%'; //查看参数
timeout 10s，超过该时间会转为异步复制，不能保证数据完全同步
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show global status like '%semi%';
####slave:
mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show global variables like '%semi%';
mysql> stop slave io_thread; //重启io线程
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> start slave io_thread;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
测试：
master：删除数据库内容看slave是否同步
mysql> delete from info where username='user3';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.18 sec)
mysql> select * from haha.info;
slave：数据库已经删除，表示同步过来了
mysql> select * from haha.info;
master：可以看到参数有变化
mysql> show global status like '%semi%';
延时测试：
slave：
mysql> stop slave io_thread; //关掉io线程
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
master：
mysql> delete from info where username='user2'; //产生了10秒延时，变成异步传输
Query OK, 1 row affected (10.22 sec) //时间变化10秒左右
slave：
mysql> select * from haha.info;
slave：
mysql> start slave io_thread;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from haha.info;
解决SQL、IO状态为NO的步骤：
Slave： mysql> stop slave;
mysql> reset master;
mysql> reset slave;
mysql> start slave;
解决数据不同步的步骤：
（1）手动将master、slave的表和库等复制导入，保证数据同步
（2）Master：mysql> reset master; //重置
Slave： mysql> stop slave;
mysql> reset master;
mysql> reset slave;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //必须是yes
//如果都是 yes,表示从库的 I/O,Slave_SQL 线程都正确开启.表明数据库正在同步
四、数据库优化
server2为server3的master
server3为server4的master
server3:
[root@server3 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id=3
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-slave-updates
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
[root@server3 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@server3 mysql]# mysql -pZhanG@2424
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to student@'172.25.69.%' identified by 'ZhanG@2424';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.15 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.69.2
Master_User: student
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 952
Relay_Log_File: server3-relay-bin.000006
Relay_Log_Pos: 454
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
server4:
安装mysql、安全初始化同server2
[root@server4 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@server4 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id=4
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
[root@server4 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@server4 ~]# mysql -pZhanG@2424
mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.69.3', master_user='student', master_password='ZhanG@2424', master_auto_position=1; //与server3建立连接
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.42 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.46 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.25.69.3
Master_User: student
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: server4-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 367
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
mysql> show databases;
解决数据不同步：
server3:
[root@server3 ~]# mysqldump -p haha > haha.sql
Enter password:
Warning: A partial dump from a server that has GTIDs will by default include the GTIDs of all transactions, even those that changed suppressed parts of the database. If you don’t want to restore GTIDs, pass --set-gtid-purged=OFF. To make a complete dump, pass --all-databases --triggers --routines --events.
[root@server3 ~]# scp haha.sql server4:.
root@server4’s password:
haha.sql 100% 2051 2.0KB/s 00:00
Server4：
[root@server4 ~]# vim haha.sql
[root@server4 ~]# mysql -p < haha.sql
Enter password:
[root@server4 ~]# mysql -pZhanG@2424
mysql> show databases;
测试：
server2：
mysql> use haha;
mysql> select * from haha.info;
mysql> insert into info values('user2','222');
Query OK, 1 row affected (00.12 sec)
mysql> select * from info;
Server3、server4都同步过来
mysql> select * from haha.info;
注：bin log索引文件: /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index
查看二进制日志：mysqlbinlog -vv --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS mysql-bin.000006 //-vv详细显示，–base64查看加密的数据
五、并行复制
server3：
mysql> show processlist;
[root@server3 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf //添加如下内容
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=16
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_recovery=ON
[root@server3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
[root@server3 ~]# mysql -pZhanG@2424
mysql> show processlist;
六、多组复制
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
[root@server2 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@server2 mysql]# rm -fr *
[root@server2 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server_id=2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
binlog_checksum=NONE
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
loose-group_replication_group_name="cb59c76b-9cc1-11e8-9524-525400aebb10"
loose-group_replication_start_on_boot=off
loose-group_replication_local_address= "172.25.69.2:24901"
loose-group_replication_group_seeds="172.25.69.2:24901,172.25.69.3:24901,172.25.69.4:24901"
loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group=off
loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode=off
loose-group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=on
loose-group_replication_ip_whitelist="172.25.69.0/24,127.0.0.1/8"
在server3查看UUID：
[root@server2 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@server2 mysql]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-08-10T17:26:34.931718Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Gs8tZdr1=KLU
[root@server2 mysql]# mysql -p
Enter password: //输入Gs8tZdr1=KLU
mysql> show databases; //查看数据库时会报错，是因为没有给超级用户授权
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'ZhanG@2424';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
mysql> show databases;
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO student@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'ZhanG@2424';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.84 sec)
mysql> SET SQL_LOG_BIN=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='student', MASTER_PASSWORD='ZhanG@2424' FOR CHANNEL 'group_replication_recovery';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (1.16 sec)
mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN group_replication SONAME 'group_replication.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> START GROUP_REPLICATION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.56 sec)
mysql> SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
Server3、server4步骤和server2步骤基本相同，差别如下:
1、文件/etc/my.cnf中server_id不同loose-group_replication_local_address后面跟的参数是本机ip
2、在进入数据库后，加载完插件后，(不执行直接执行SET GLOBAL group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON;）START GROUP_REPLICATION;查看成员信息，全部都是ONLINE的即可
server3:
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
server4:
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
测试：
server2:创建数据库
mysql> show databases;
mysql> create database xixi;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.95 sec)
mysql> show databases;
Server3、server4:同步到数据库
mysql> show databases;
