典型开源3D引擎分类比较
常见的3D引擎有：Unreal,Quake,Lithtech,OGRE,Nebula,Irrlicht,Truevision3D...等，其中开源免费的有：orge,irrlicht,fly3d, NeoEngine, revolution3d, Nebula2，Genesis3d等。OGRE 在免费、开源的引擎中评价最高，一个原因是作为一个图形渲染引擎，它支持的图形特性最多，所以渲染质量也不错；另一个原因是设计模式的清晰；另外，速度也不错。OGRE 将专注于向一个纯粹的、然而富于协作和扩展性的图形引擎发展，这得益于它的庞大的社群支持，使得很多事情可以通过外挂一些更专业的引擎来实现，物理引擎使用 ODE 、 Tokamak 、 NovodeX ，网络引擎使用 openTNL 、 RakNet 、 eNet ，声音引擎使用 FMod 、 OpenAL ，以及界面引擎使用 CEGUI 。
| Standard |
OGRE |
IrrLicht |
Truevision3D |
| General |
|||
| Type |
Only rendering engine |
|
Game engine IncludeTV3DEngine,TV3DMedia,TV3DNet…… |
| Languages |
Written in pure C++, totally object orientated. |
Written in pure C++, totally object orientated. |
Written in C++ and VB6 with DirectX8.1 |
| License |
LGPL |
zlib/libpng License(totally free) |
· Free TV3DSDK · Registered Developer License · group or site licenses |
| Develop platforms |
· C++ · .NET |
· C++ · .NET language binding |
VB/VC++/DELPHI/ C#/vb.net |
| Platforms |
|||
| Windows |
ü Support |
ü Support |
ü Support |
| Linux
|
ü Support |
ü Support |
|
| MacOS |
ü Support |
ü Support |
|
| 3D API |
|||
| Direct3D |
ü Support |
ü Support |
ü Support |
| OpenGL |
ü Support |
ü Support |
|
| Other |
|
· The Irrlicht Engine software renderer. · The Apfelbaum Software Renderer |
|
| Architecture |
|||
| Extensibility |
· Extensible example framework · Flexible plugin architecture allows engine to be extended without recompilation · Use some other professional engines to achieve other features |
|
|
| Scripting |
|
|
|
| Materials & Textures |
|||
| Materials |
· Powerful material declaration language · Multiple material · Material LOD · Multi-texture and multi-pass blending · Projective texturing · Textures can be provided and updated in real-time by plugins |
· Provide common built in materials based on fixed function pipeline or programmable pipeline · add new materials to Irrlicht at runtime, without the need of modifying/recompiling the engine |
|
| Textures and Mapping |
自动产生MipMap；
自动调整纹理大小以满足硬件需求。
支持可程序控制的纹理坐标生成和转换。 |
· Bump mapping · Parallax mapping · Light maps · Sphere mapping |
DOT3 Bump mapping
没有提供多层纹理和混合模式 |
| Shaders |
· Supports vertex and fragment programs, both written in assembler, and in Cg, DirectX9 HLSL, or GLSL · Support many commonly bound constant parameters like worldview matrices, light state information, object space eye position etc |
· Pixel and Vertex Shaders 1.1 to 3.0 · ARB Fragment and Vertex Programs · HLSL · GLSL |
· Hardware Vertex Shaders · HLSL |
| Scene Management |
|||
| General |
· Highly customizable, flexible scene management, not tied to any single scene type. · Hierarchical scene graph; nodes allow objects to be attached to each other and follow each others movements, articulated structures etc · Scene querying |
· Using a hierarchical scene graph, can mix indoor and outdoor scene seamless together · Extensible hierarchical scene management
|
|
| BSP Support |
BSP 场景的天空穹、粒子特效、高级材质属性，乃至 BSP 的空间分割规则都会被正确识别、自动实现 |
· 对 BSP 的特性支持比较贫乏 |
对 BSP 的读取存在 BUG |
| Other |
|
|
|
| Special effects |
|||
| Particle System
|
· easily extensible emitters, affectors and renderers · can be defined in text scripts for adjusting in real-time · particle pooling |
· Customizeable Particle systems for snow, smoke, fire, ... |
Atmospheric effects like fog, cloud, sky (box and sphere), stars. |
| Light & Shadow
|
当前支持三种阴影：调整纹理阴影,调整模版阴影,附加模板阴影。不支持软阴影 Multiple shadow rendering techniques, |
· Dynamic lights · Dynamic shadows using the stencil buffer |
· Optimized dynamic stencil shadows · DirectX Hardware Lighting |
| Other |
· Support for skyboxes, skyplanes and skydomes · Billboarding for sprite graphics · Transparent objects automatically managed
|
· Realistic water surfaces · Billboards · Transparent objects · Skyboxes · Fog · Texture animation |
Billboard |
| Character Animation |
|||
|
|
· Skeletal animation · blending of multiple animations · variable bone weight skinning · hardware-accelerated skinning
|
· Morph target animation: · Skeletal animation |
· Skeleton based, Key frame based, morph based animations · Animations that can be enhanced by bone attaching or custom bone rotations. |
| Supported Formats |
|||
| textures file formats |
· PNG, JPEG, TGA, BMP or DDS · 1D textures, volumetric textures, cubemaps and compressed textures (DXT/S3TC) |
· PSD,JPG,PNG,TGA,BMP,PCX |
|
| mesh file formats |
Milkshape3D, 3D Studio Max, Maya, Blender and Wings3D |
· 3DS,OBJ,CSM,DAE,DMF,OCT,X,MS3D,MY3D,LMTS,BSP,MD2 |
3DS, X, MDL, MD2, MD3 |
| Document |
|||
|
|
Great number of users and well documented. |
well documented API with lots of examples and tutorials. |
|
| Other |
|||
| GUI |
|
|
|
| 2D Drawing |
|
|
|
| XML |
ü Support XML Converter: convert efficient runtime binary formats to/from XML for interchange or editing |
ü Support 快速的XML分析器 |
|
| Web Site |
|||
|
|
http://www.ogre3d.org |
http://irrlicht.sourceforge.net |
http://www.truevision3d.com |