MySQL的主主互备+KEEPALIVED实现高可用（转）
标签：
keepalived MySQL主主互备高可用
试验环境：
主：192.168.1.210（CentOS6.5）
从属：192.168.1.211（CentOS6.5）
VIP：192.168.1.208
MySQL的主主互备模式配置
步骤1：主服务的/etc/my.cnf中配置
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[mysqld]
basedir =
/usr/local/mysql
datadir =
/var/lib/mysql
port = 3306
socket =
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
.sock
server_id = 1
log-bin = mysql-bin
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin
replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
#指定不需要复制的库，mysql.%表示mysql库下的所有对象
replicate-wild-ignore-table=
test
.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
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第二步：从服务的/etc/my.cnf中配置
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[mysqld]
basedir =
/usr/local/mysql
datadir =
/var/lib/mysql
port = 3306
socket =
/var/lib/mysql/mysql
.sock
server_id = 2
log-bin = mysql-bin
relay-log = mysql-relay-bin
replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=
test
.%
replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%
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第三步：重启两台主从mysql的服务
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[root@master ~]
# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
[root@slave ~]
# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
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第四步：查看主从的日志斌日志状态
记录文件和位置的值
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[root@master ~]
# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show master status'
Warning: Using a password on the
command
line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 414 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
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[root@slave ~]
# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show master status'
Warning: Using a password on the
command
line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 414 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
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第5步：创建主从同步复制用户
1，主
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mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to
'replication'
@
'192.168.1.211'
identified by
'replication'
;
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
-> master_host=
'192.168.1.211'
,
-> master_user=
'replication'
,
-> master_password=
'replication'
,
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file=
'mysql-bin.000001'
,
-> master_log_pos=414;
mysql> start slave;
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2，从属
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mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to
'replication'
@
'192.168.1.210'
identified by
'replication'
;
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> change master to
-> master_host=
'192.168.1.210'
,
-> master_user=
'replication'
,
-> master_password=
'replication'
,
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file=
'mysql-bin.000001'
,
-> master_log_pos=414;
mysql> start slave;
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同步失败可能需要停止或重设从
停止从站
mysql> reset slave;
步骤6：分别在主和从上查看从属状态，验证是否成功配置主主复制模式
1，主
2，从属
从状态同步过程可能需要重启MySQL的服务
[root @ master〜]＃service mysqld restart
[root @ slave〜]＃service mysqld restart
第7步：验证，在主上创建TEST1数据库，从上查看是否同步
如图1所示，主站上创建TEST1数据库
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[root@master ~]
# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'create database test1'
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2，从属上查看是否同步创建TEST1
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[root@slave ~]
# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show databases'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test1 |
+--------------------+
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安装和配置KEEPALIVED实现MySQL的双主高可用
第一步：安装KEEPALIVED
方法一：使用百胜安装KEEPALIVED，需要安装EPEL释放源
[root @ master〜]＃rpm -ivh http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root @ slave〜]＃rpm -ivh http：/ /mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[root @ slave〜]＃yum -y install keepalived
查看KEEPALIVED相关目录
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[root@slave ~]
# ls /usr/sbin/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
[root@slave ~]
# ls /etc/init.d/keepalived
/etc/init
.d
/keepalived
[root@slave ~]
# ls /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
/etc/keepalived/keepalived
.conf
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方法二：从KEEPALIVED网站官方http://www.keepalived.org下载源代码包compile-安装
1，下载KEEPALIVED最新版
[root @ master〜]＃wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
[root @ slave〜]＃wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
2，安装KEEPALIVED依赖软件包
[root @ master〜]＃yum install pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-devel
3，解压并安装的keepalived
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[root@master ~]
# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
[root@master ~]
# cd keepalived-1.2.19
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
--sysconf=
/etc
--with-kernel-
dir
=
/usr/src/kernels/2
.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
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[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]
# make
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]
# make install
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查看KEEPALIVED相关的文件
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[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]
# ls /etc/keepalived/
keepalived.conf samples
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]
# ls /etc/init.d/keepalived
/etc/init
.d
/keepalived
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链接在/ usr /本地/ KEEPALIVED / sbin目录/ KEEPALIVED到/ sbin目录/目录
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[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]
# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/
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设置KEEPALIVED启动级别
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[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]
# chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@master keepalived-1.2.19]
# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on
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第二步：配置KEEPALIVED
1，法师的keepalived.conf配置文件
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! Configuration File
for
keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance HA_1 {
state BACKUP
#master和slave都配置为BACKUP
interface eth0
#指定HA检测的网络接口
virtual_router_id 80
#虚拟路由标识，主备相同
priority 100
#定义优先级，slave设置90
advert_int 1
#设定master和slave之间同步检查的时间间隔
nopreempt
#不抢占模式。只在优先级高的机器上设置即可
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
#设置虚拟IP，可以设置多个，每行一个
192.168.1.208
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dev eth0
#MySQL对外服务的IP，即VIP
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {
delay_loop 2
#每隔2秒查询real server状态
lb_algo wrr
#lvs 算法
lb_kinf DR
#LVS模式（Direct Route）
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.210 3306 {
#监听本机的IP
weight 1
notify_down
/usr/local/keepalived/bin/mysql
.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
#10秒无响应超时
bingto 192.168.1.208
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
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KEEPALIVED检测脚本，当其中一台MySQL的服务出现故障向下掉时，实现自动切换到正常的MySQL的服务器继续提供服务
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[root@master ~]
# vim /usr/local/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
pkill keepalived
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2，从站的keepalived.conf配置文件
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! Configuration File
for
keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance HA_1 {
state BACKUP
#master和slave都配置为BACKUP
interface eth0
#指定HA检测的网络接口
virtual_router_id 80
#虚拟路由标识，主备相同
priority 90
#定义优先级，slave设置90
advert_int 1
#设定master和slave之间同步检查的时间间隔
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
#设置虚拟IP，可以设置多个，每行一个
192.168.1.208
/24
dev eth0
#MySQL对外服务的IP，即VIP
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo wrr
lb_kinf DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.211 3306 {
#监听本机的IP
weight 1
notify_down
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
bingto 192.168.1.208
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
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第三步：授权VIP的根用户权限
授权远程主机可以通过VIP登录的MySQL，并测试数据复制功能
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mysql> grant all on *.* to root@
'192.168.1.208'
identified by
'741616710'
;
mysql> flush privileges;
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第四步：测试KEEPALIVED高可用功能
1，远程主机登录通过VIP192.168.1.208登录的MySQL，MySQL的查看连接状态
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mysql> show variables like
'hostname%'
;
+---------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------+
|
hostname
| master |
+---------------+--------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
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从上面查看的结果看样看出在正常情况下连接的是主
2，故障测试，停止主的MySQL的服务，再次查看是否转移至从属服务器上
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[root@master ~]
# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!
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mysql> show variables like
'hostname%'
;
ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query
mysql> show variables like
'hostname%'
;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection
id
: 1268
Current database: *** NONE ***
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
|
hostname
| slave |
+---------------+-------+
1 row
in
set
(0.01 sec)
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由测试结果可以看出，KEEPALIVED成功转移的MySQL服务