项目中要用到libevent,所以就自学了libevent,参考资料为张亮的《libevent源码深度剖析》和《linux高性能服务器编程》
Libevent简介
Libevent是开源社区一款高性能的I/O框架库,其具有如下特点:
1.跨平台支持。Libevent支持Linux、UNIX和Windows。
2.统一事件源。libevent对i/o事件、信号和定时事件提供统一的处理。
3.线程安全。libevent使用libevent_pthreads库来提供线程安全支持。
4.基于reactor模式的实现。
reactor基本知识
reactor是i/o框架库的核心,它主要提供的几个方法是:
1.handle_events:该方法执行事件循环,重复如下过程:等待事件,然后依次处理所有就绪事件对应的时间处理器。
2.register_handler:该方法调用事件多路分发器的register_event方法来往事件多路分发器中注册一个事件。
3.remove_handler:该方法调用事件多路分发器的remove_event方法来删除事件多路分发器中的一个事件。
下图为i/o框架库的工作时序图:
reactor具有如下优点:
1.响应快,不必为单个同步事件所阻塞;
2.编程相对简单,可以最大程度的避免复杂的多线程及同步问题,并且避免了多线程/进程的切换开销;
3.可扩展性,可以方便的通过增加reactor实例个数来充分利用CPU资源;
4.可复用性,reactor框架本身与具体事件处理逻辑无关,具有很高的复用性。
libevent库的主要逻辑:
1.调用event_init函数创建event_base对象。一个event_base相当于一个reactor实例。
2.创建具体的事件处理器,并设置它们所从属的reactor实例。evsignal_new和evtimer_new分别用于创建信号事件处理器和定时事件处理器,它们的统一入口是event_new函数,event_new函数成功时返回一个event类型的对象,也就是libevent的事件处理器
3.调用event_add函数,将事件处理器添加到注册事件队列中,并将该事件处理器对应的事件添加到事件多路分发器中。
4.调用event_base_dispatch函数来执行事件循环。
5.事件循环结束后,使用*_free系列函数来释放系统资源。
源代码组织结构
1)头文主要就是 event.h:事件宏定义、接口函数声明,主要结构体 event 的声明;
2)内部头文件
xxx-internal.h:内部数据结构和函数,对外不可见,以达到信息隐藏的目的;
3) libevent 框架
event.c: event 整体框架的代码实现;
4)对系统 I/O 多路复用机制的封装
epoll.c:对 epoll 的封装;
select.c:对 select 的封装;
devpoll.c:对 dev/poll 的封装;
kqueue.c:对 kqueue 的封装;
5)定时事件管理
min-heap.h:其实就是一个以时间作为 key 的小根堆结构;
6)信号管理
signal.c:对信号事件的处理;
7)辅助功能函数
evutil.h 和 evutil.c:一些辅助功能函数,包括创建 socket pair 和一些时间操作函数:加、减
和比较等。
8)日志
log.h 和 log.c: log 日志函数
9)缓冲区管理
evbuffer.c 和 buffer.c: libevent 对缓冲区的封装;
10)基本数据结构
compat\sys 下的两个源文件: queue.h 是 libevent 基本数据结构的实现,包括链表,双向链表,
队列等; _libevent_time.h:一些用于时间操作的结构体定义、函数和宏定义;
11)实用网络库
http 和 evdns:是基于 libevent 实现的 http 服务器和异步 dns 查询库;
event结构体
libevent中的事件处理器是event结构类型。event结构体封装了句柄、事件类型、回调函数、以及其他必要的标志和数据,源代码如下
struct event {
TAILQ_ENTRY(event) ev_active_next;
TAILQ_ENTRY(event) ev_next;
/* for managing timeouts */
union {
TAILQ_ENTRY(event) ev_next_with_common_timeout;
int min_heap_idx;
} ev_timeout_pos;
evutil_socket_t ev_fd;
struct event_base *ev_base;
union {
/* used for io events */
struct {
TAILQ_ENTRY(event) ev_io_next;
struct timeval ev_timeout;
} ev_io;
/* used by signal events */
struct {
TAILQ_ENTRY(event) ev_signal_next;
short ev_ncalls;
/* Allows deletes in callback */
short *ev_pncalls;
} ev_signal;
} _ev;
short ev_events;
short ev_res; /* result passed to event callback */
short ev_flags;
ev_uint8_t ev_pri; /* smaller numbers are higher priority */
ev_uint8_t ev_closure;
struct timeval ev_timeout;
/* allows us to adopt for different types of events */
void (*ev_callback)(evutil_socket_t, short, void *arg);
void *ev_arg;
};
ev_active_next: 表示就绪状态的事件链表指针,当关注的事件就绪后,会把往注册事件队列中添加事件处理器
创建一个event对象的函数是event_new,创建好之后应用程序调用event_add函数将其添加到注册事件队列中,并将对应的事件注册到事件多路分发器上,event_add函数主要是调用一个内部函数event_add_internal来实现的。
eventop结构体
eventop结构体封装了i/o复用机制必要的一些操作,比如注册事件、等待事件等,它为event_base支持的所有后端i/o复用机制提供了一个统一的接口,libevent默认选择的后端i/o复用技术是epoll。
event_base结构体
结构体event_base是libevent的reactor,源码如下:
struct event_base {
/** Function pointers and other data to describe this event_base's
* backend. */
const struct eventop *evsel;
/** Pointer to backend-specific data. */
void *evbase;
/** List of changes to tell backend about at next dispatch. Only used
* by the O(1) backends. */
struct event_changelist changelist;
/** Function pointers used to describe the backend that this event_base
* uses for signals */
const struct eventop *evsigsel;
/** Data to implement the common signal handelr code. */
struct evsig_info sig;
/** Number of virtual events */
int virtual_event_count;
/** Number of total events added to this event_base */
int event_count;
/** Number of total events active in this event_base */
int event_count_active;
/** Set if we should terminate the loop once we're done processing
* events. */
int event_gotterm;
/** Set if we should terminate the loop immediately */
int event_break;
/** Set if we should start a new instance of the loop immediately. */
int event_continue;
/** The currently running priority of events */
int event_running_priority;
/** Set if we're running the event_base_loop function, to prevent
* reentrant invocation. */
int running_loop;
/* Active event management. */
/** An array of nactivequeues queues for active events (ones that
* have triggered, and whose callbacks need to be called). Low
* priority numbers are more important, and stall higher ones.
*/
struct event_list *activequeues;
/** The length of the activequeues array */
int nactivequeues;
/* common timeout logic */
/** An array of common_timeout_list* for all of the common timeout
* values we know. */
struct common_timeout_list **common_timeout_queues;
/** The number of entries used in common_timeout_queues */
int n_common_timeouts;
/** The total size of common_timeout_queues. */
int n_common_timeouts_allocated;
/** List of defered_cb that are active. We run these after the active
* events. */
struct deferred_cb_queue defer_queue;
/** Mapping from file descriptors to enabled (added) events */
struct event_io_map io;
/** Mapping from signal numbers to enabled (added) events. */
struct event_signal_map sigmap;
/** All events that have been enabled (added) in this event_base */
struct event_list eventqueue;
/** Stored timeval; used to detect when time is running backwards. */
struct timeval event_tv;
/** Priority queue of events with timeouts. */
struct min_heap timeheap;
/** Stored timeval: used to avoid calling gettimeofday/clock_gettime
* too often. */
struct timeval tv_cache;
#if defined(_EVENT_HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
/** Difference between internal time (maybe from clock_gettime) and
* gettimeofday. */
struct timeval tv_clock_diff;
/** Second in which we last updated tv_clock_diff, in monotonic time. */
time_t last_updated_clock_diff;
#endif
#ifndef _EVENT_DISABLE_THREAD_SUPPORT
/* threading support */
/** The thread currently running the event_loop for this base */
unsigned long th_owner_id;
/** A lock to prevent conflicting accesses to this event_base */
void *th_base_lock;
/** The event whose callback is executing right now */
struct event *current_event;
/** A condition that gets signalled when we're done processing an
* event with waiters on it. */
void *current_event_cond;
/** Number of threads blocking on current_event_cond. */
int current_event_waiters;
#endif
#ifdef WIN32
/** IOCP support structure, if IOCP is enabled. */
struct event_iocp_port *iocp;
#endif
/** Flags that this base was configured with */
enum event_base_config_flag flags;
/* Notify main thread to wake up break, etc. */
/** True if the base already has a pending notify, and we don't need
* to add any more. */
int is_notify_pending;
/** A socketpair used by some th_notify functions to wake up the main
* thread. */
evutil_socket_t th_notify_fd[2];
/** An event used by some th_notify functions to wake up the main
* thread. */
struct event th_notify;
/** A function used to wake up the main thread from another thread. */
int (*th_notify_fn)(struct event_base *base);
};
事件循环
libevent中实现事件循环的函数是event_base_loop,该函数首先调用i/o事件多路分发器的事件监听函数,以等待事件,当有事件发生时,就依次处理之。
参考博客:点击打开链接