Ubuntu / Linux 挂载已格式化磁盘 (重启系统后自动挂载)
Ubuntu / Linux 挂载已格式化磁盘 (重启系统后自动挂载)
1. 已挂载磁盘信息，显示 Linux 系统上的文件系统的磁盘使用情况统计
amax@amax-server:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 63G 0 63G 0% /dev
tmpfs 13G 11M 13G 1% /run
/dev/sda6 211G 7.5G 193G 4% /
tmpfs 63G 968K 63G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 922M 121M 738M 15% /boot
/dev/sdb1 1.8T 2.5G 1.7T 1% /home
tmpfs 13G 12K 13G 1% /run/user/108
tmpfs 13G 56K 13G 1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 13G 60K 13G 1% /run/user/1002
tmpfs 13G 48K 13G 1% /run/user/1003
tmpfs 13G 52K 13G 1% /run/user/1004
2. 列出所有分区，查看磁盘信息
amax@amax-server:~$ fdisk -l
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sda: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sdb: Permission denied
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sdc: Permission denied
amax@amax-server:~$ su
Password:
root@amax-server:/home/amax# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 238.5 GiB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a2814
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1953791 1951744 953M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1955838 500117503 498161666 237.6G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1955840 50782207 48826368 23.3G 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 50784256 500117503 449333248 214.3G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000afd54
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 3907028991 3907026944 1.8T 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdc: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfb792037
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 2048 4294967294 4294965247 2T 5 Extended
root@amax-server:/home/amax# exit
exit
amax@amax-server:~$
3. Disks
4. 挂载磁盘，重启后挂载磁盘失效
amax@amax-server:~$ mount /dev/sdc /home/DATA_BACKUP
mount: only root can do that
amax@amax-server:~$ sudo mount /dev/sdc /home/DATA_BACKUP
[sudo] password for amax:
amax@amax-server:~$ df -hss
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 63G 0 63G 0% /dev
tmpfs 13G 11M 13G 1% /run
/dev/sda6 211G 7.5G 193G 4% /
tmpfs 63G 968K 63G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 63G 0 63G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 922M 121M 738M 15% /boot
/dev/sdb1 1.8T 2.5G 1.7T 1% /home
tmpfs 13G 12K 13G 1% /run/user/108
tmpfs 13G 60K 13G 1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs 13G 60K 13G 1% /run/user/1002
tmpfs 13G 48K 13G 1% /run/user/1003
tmpfs 13G 52K 13G 1% /run/user/1004
/dev/sdc 3.6T 1.9T 1.6T 55% /home/DATA_BACKUP
5. 重启系统后自动挂载
/etc/fstab 文件中添加以下语句。
# foreverstrong
/dev/sdc /home/DATA_BACKUP ext4 defaults 0 0
amax@amax-server:~$ sudo gedit /etc/fstab
(gedit:21437): Gtk-WARNING **: Calling Inhibit failed: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-spell-enabled not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-encoding not supported
** (gedit:21437): WARNING **: Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-position not supported
amax@amax-server:~$ cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
#
# / was on /dev/sdb6 during installation
UUID=788c572e-e33d-4d20-8b89-ac799552819b / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sdb1 during installation
UUID=587dccff-fdee-49d4-9327-f2ee4d06862b /boot ext4 defaults 0 2
# /home was on /dev/sdc1 during installation
UUID=db68cda9-4654-4e81-babc-46be533fbc93 /home ext4 defaults 0 2
# swap was on /dev/sdb5 during installation
UUID=b0347144-6154-4d8c-affe-3b4e19669cb5 none swap sw 0 0
# foreverstrong
/dev/sdc /home/DATA_BACKUP ext4 defaults 0 0
amax@amax-server:~$
yongqiang@famu-sys:~$ cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
#
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=53a5a063-1ea4-434d-ad98-6cdaefff158a / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=ed619771-4748-4f5a-86a5-355c8c22a290 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/6d76a02c-8296-4aac-8b0b-5ac1d667a6a9 /mnt/6d76a02c-8296-4aac-8b0b-5ac1d667a6a9 auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0
/dev/disk/by-uuid/79dd189b-b1b6-48c4-9c90-560934f420f5 /mnt/79dd189b-b1b6-48c4-9c90-560934f420f5 auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0
# foreverstrong
/dev/sdc /home/DATA_BACKUP ext4 defaults 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \
dump 决定哪一个文件系统需要执行 dump 操作，0 就是不需要备份。如果上次用 dump 备份，将显示备份至今的天数。
pass 是系统重启时 fsck 程序检测磁盘的顺序号。1 是 root 文件系统，2 是其它文件系统。fsck 按序号检测磁盘，0 表示该文件系统不被检测。
dump 执行 ext2 的文件系统的备份操作，fsck 检测和修复文件系统。
启动时 fsck 检查的顺序。为 0 就表示不检查，/ 分区永远都是 1，其它的分区只能是 2，当数字相同就同时检查 (但不能有多个 1)。
使用 UUID 或是 label 的好处在于它们与磁盘顺序无关。如果你在 BIOS 中改变了存储设备顺序，或是重新拔插了存储设备，或是因为一些 BIOS 可能会随机地改变存储设备的顺序，那么用 UUID 或是 label 来表示将更有效。
使用 mount 命令，待系统重启后挂载失效，将分区信息写入 /etc/fstab 文件启动自动挂载。
修改完 /etc/fstab 文件后，需要运行
sudo mount -a
验证配置的正确性，配置不正确可能会导致系统无法正常启动。
确定无误后 reboot。
sudo mount -a 会将 /etc/fstab 中的项全部挂载。如果有错，会提示错误，然后根据错误找出原因修改。
修改 /etc/fstab 一定注意，不修改错误，很有可能就重启进不了系统。
硬盘挂载导致系统无法正常启动时，重新启动，根据提示按 m 进入 root 命令行页面，修改 /etc/fstab，sudo vim /etc/fstab， 把增加的挂载项注释掉。Esc 返回，输入 wq 保存。关机重启。
如果不能修改 /etc/fstab 文件，可能是根分区挂载权限问题，可使用 mount -o remount,rw / 重新挂载根分区，其中 rw 代表读写权限。修改好后，重启完成修复。