abspath
返回一个目录的绝对路径Return an absolutepath.
>>> os.path.abspath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/sysconfig/selinux'
>>> os.getcwd()
'/root'
>>> os.path.abspath("python_modu")
'/root/python_modu'
basename
返回一个目录的基名Returns the finalcomponentofa pathname
>>>os.path.basename("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'selinux'
>>>os.path.basename("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3")
'python3'
dirname
返回一个目录的目录名Returns the directorycomponentofa pathname
>>>os.path.dirname("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/sysconfig
'>>>os.path.dirname("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3")
'/usr/local/python3/bin'
exists
测试指定文件是否存在Test whether apathexists. Returns Falseforbroken symbolic links
>>>os.path.exists("/home/egon")
False
>>>os.path.exists("/root")
True
>>>os.path.exists("/usr/bin/python")
True
getatime
得到指定文件最后一次的访问时间Returnthe lastaccesstimeofafile, reported by os.stat().
>>>os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)
>>>os.path.getatime("/root/test.sh")
1498117664.2808378
getctime
得到指定文件最后一次的改变时间Return the metadatachangetimeofafile, reportedbyos.stat().
>>>os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)
>>>os.path.getctime("/root/test.sh")
1498117696.039542
getmtime
得到指定文件最后一次的修改时间Returnthe last modificationtimeofafile, reported by os.stat().
>>>os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)
>>>os.path.getmtime("/root/test.sh")
1496629059.9313989
getsize
得到得到文件的大小Returnthe sizeofa file, reportedbyos.stat().
>>>os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)
>>>os.path.getsize("/root/test.sh")
568
isabs
测试参数是否是绝对路径Test whether a pathisabsolute
>>>os.path.isabs("python_modu")
False
>>>os.path.isabs("/etc/sysconfig")
True
isdir
测试指定参数是否是目录名Returntrueifthe pathname referstoan existing directory.
>>>os.path.isdir("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
False
>>>os.path.isdir("/home")
True
isfile
测试指定参数是否是一个文件Test whether a pathisa regularfile
>>>os.path.isfile("/home")
False
>>>os.path.isfile("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
True
islink
测试指定参数是否是一个软链接Test whether apathis a symbolic link
>>>os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
True
>>>os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/nfs")
False
ismount
测试指定参数是否是挂载点Test whether apathis a mount point
>>>os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom")
False
以上是未挂载光盘，现在把光盘挂载到/mnt/cdrom下，再进行测试
>>>os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom")
True
join
join(a, *p)将目录名和文件的基名拼接成一个完整的路径Join twoormore pathname components, inserting'/'asneeded.Ifany componentisanabsolutepath, all previous path componentswill be discarded. An empty last part will resultina path thatendswitha separator.
>>>for filename in os.listdir("/home"):
.. . print(os.path.join("/tmp",filename))
...
/tmp/a
/tmp/f1.txt
realpath
返回指定文件的标准路径，而非软链接所在的路径Return the canonicalpathof the specified filename, eliminating anysymbolic links encounteredinthepath.
>>>os.path.realpath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/selinux/config'
>>>os.path.realpath("/usr/bin/python")
'/usr/bin/python2.7'
samefile
测试两个路径是否指向同一个文件Test whether two pathnames reference the same actualfile
sameopenfile
测试两个打开的文件是否指向同一个文件Test whether twoopenfileobjects reference the samefile
split
分割目录名，返回由其目录名和基名给成的元组Split a pathname. Returns tuple"(head, tail)"where"tail"iseverything after thefinalslash. Eitherpartmay be empty.
>>>os.path.split("/tmp/f1.txt")
('/tmp','f1.txt')
>>>os.path.split("/home/test.sh")
('/home','test.sh')
splitext
分割文件名，返回由文件名和扩展名组成的元组Splitthe extension from a pathname.Extensioniseverything from the last dottotheend, ignoringleading dots. Returns"(root, ext)"; ext may beempty.
>>>os.path.splitext("/home/test.sh")
('/home/test','.sh')
>>>os.path.splitext("/tmp/f1.txt")
('/tmp/f1','.txt')