Devise使用指南

Devise使用指南_第1张图片

基本使用
在Gemfile里面添加gem 'devise'
运行bundle install
然后安装devise相关组件,rails generate devise:install
安装完提示如下,按照如下设置:

Some setup you must do manually if you haven't yet:

  1. Ensure you have defined default url options in your environments files. Here
     is an example of default_url_options appropriate for a development environment
     in config/environments/development.rb:

       config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: 'localhost', port: 3000 }

     In production, :host should be set to the actual host of your application.

  2. Ensure you have defined root_url to *something* in your config/routes.rb.
     For example:

       root to: "home#index"

  3. Ensure you have flash messages in app/views/layouts/application.html.erb.
     For example:

       

<%= notice %>

<%= alert %>

4. If you are deploying on Heroku with Rails 3.2 only, you may want to set: config.assets.initialize_on_precompile = false On config/application.rb forcing your application to not access the DB or load models when precompiling your assets. 5. You can copy Devise views (for customization) to your app by running: rails g devise:views ===============================================================================

2.执行命令rails g devise:views,生成devise的视图文件
3.生成需要用到devise的模型,rails g devise user,运行了这条命令之后,路由中会自动生成一个devise_for :users,
rake db:migrate,执行迁移文件

4.新建一个控制器,rails generate controller home index,用来设置root页面

5.在控制器中,设置访问之前需要先登录

class HomeController < ApplicationController
  before_action :authenticate_user!, :only => [:index, :new]

6.devise会默认创建一个帮助方法:
before_action :authenticate_user!
user_signed_in? //判断用户是否登录
current_user //获取当前登录用户
user_session //可以访问对应的session

7.登录之后,devise会有默认跳转到root,如果想自定义跳转,需要覆盖after_sign_in_path_for和after_sign_out_path_for来自定义跳转回调。

8.devise除了用emails登录之外,自定义登录字段
rails generate migration add_username_to_users username:string
增加字段后,执行rake db:migrate

9.增加了新字段之后,在config/initializers/devise.rb中配置登录验证的字段
config.authentication_keys = [:username]
config.case_insensitive_keys = [:username]
config.strip_whitespace_keys = [:username]

10.修改完字段后,对应的去修改views里面的视图,把登录页面的email字段改成username,在注册页面新加上username的input

11.修改完之后,接下来需要重写一个方法,用来配置登录和注册所允许的参数,将此方法写在application_controller.rb中

def configure_permitted_parametersod_name
    devise_parameter_sanitizer.permit(:sign_in) {|u|               u.permit(:email, :username)}
    devise_parameter_sanitizer.permit(:sign_up) {|u|
    u.permit(:email, :username, :password,                      :password_confirmation)}
end

在application_controller.rb还需要配置
before_action :configure_permitted_parametersod_name, if: :devise_controller?
如果没有配置这个,在注册的时候,会出现邮箱验证不通过的BUG

13.为了使得用户名和邮箱都可以登录,需要在user模型里加入一个
虚拟属性:
attr_accessor :signin
然后在/config/ initializers/devise.rb中修改验证参数
config.authentication_keys = [ :signin ]

14.修改了验证参数之后,需要去模型里面重写登录devise会使用到的方法,在user.rb里面重写self.find_for_database_authentication方法

def self.find_for_database_authentication(warden_conditions)
    conditions = warden_conditions.dup
    if signin = conditions.delete(:signin)
      where(conditions.to_h).where(["lower(username) = :value OR lower(email) = :value", { :value => signin.downcase }]).first
    elsif conditions.has_key?(:username) || conditions.has_key?(:email)
      where(conditions.to_h).first
    end
end

15.在模型里定义完方法之后,需要将application_controller.rb中那个允许参数的方法重写

  def configure_permitted_parametersod_name
    devise_parameter_sanitizer.permit(:sign_in) {|u| u.permit(:signin, :password, :remember_me)}
    devise_parameter_sanitizer.permit(:sign_up) {|u|
    u.permit(:email, :username, :password, :password_confirmation)}
  end

16.去登录视图中,将username的input改成signin的input,这样一来,用用户名和邮箱都可以实现登录功能

17.编辑用户资料的时候,需要允许用户修改用户名,邮箱,和密码
首先在编辑页面加入username的input,方便修改用户名

<%= f.label :username %>
<%= f.text_field :username %>

18.接下来要做的事情是去修改devise的逻辑,新建一个注册控制器叫做registrations_controller
rails generate controller registrations update

19.生成控制器后,更改update方法,在控制器registrations_controller中将update方法定义如下:

  def update
    new_params = params.require(:user).permit(:email,
    :username, :current_password, :password,
    :password_confirmation)
    @user = User.find(current_user.id)
    if @user.update_with_password(new_params)
      set_flash_message :notice, :updated
      sign_in @user, :bypass => true
      redirect_to after_update_path_for(@user)
    else
      render "edit"
    end
  end

在健壮参数中加入username等属性,然后用update_with_password
方法更新参数(这个方法是devise定义的)

20.在更改过控制器之后,需要更改路由,使得修改账户的时候,默认跳到我们新加的registrations_controller控制器中,路由修改方式如下:
devise_for :users, :controllers => {:registrations =>
"registrations"}

 未完待续

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