在hibernate里面调用session的delete方法以后,无论这个被删除的对象有没有被人外键引用到,都可以被删除,并且此时的外键设为 null,也就是说他会自动帮我们去查看他被谁引用到了。然后把引用全部去掉后,再把自己删掉。而在JPA里面,如果调用 EntityManager.remove方法时,传进去的对象,有被外键引用到,则会失败。因为JPA里面的实现就是直接执行delete语句,也不管 他有没有被外键引用,此时,当然会出错了。
测试时候使用的两个类分别如下:
举的例子是部门和员工的关系。一个部门可以有多个员工。然后把部门删掉的时候,员工的部门属性就为null了,不过,按照严谨来说,还是JPA的严谨一些。这样可以防止误操作,呵呵。
部门的实体对象
/*
* To change this template, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package
com.hadeslee.jpaentity;
import
java.io.Serializable;
import
java.util.HashSet;
import
java.util.Set;
import
javax.persistence.Entity;
import
javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import
javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import
javax.persistence.Id;
import
javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import
javax.persistence.Table;
/**
*
*
@author
hadeslee
*/
@Entity
@Table(name
=
"
JPADepartment
"
)
public
class
Department
implements
Serializable {
private
static
final
long
serialVersionUID
=
1L
;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy
=
GenerationType.AUTO)
private
Long id;
@OneToMany(mappedBy
=
"
department
"
)
private
Set
<
Person
>
persons
=
new
HashSet
<
Person
>
();
private
String deptName;
private
String description;
public
String getDeptName() {
return
deptName;
}
public
void
setDeptName(String deptName) {
this
.deptName
=
deptName;
}
public
String getDescription() {
return
description;
}
public
void
setDescription(String description) {
this
.description
=
description;
}
public
Set
<
Person
>
getPersons() {
return
persons;
}
public
void
setPersons(Set
<
Person
>
persons) {
this
.persons
=
persons;
}
public
Long getId() {
return
id;
}
public
void
setId(Long id) {
this
.id
=
id;
}
@Override
public
int
hashCode() {
int
hash
=
0
;
hash
+=
(id
!=
null
?
id.hashCode() :
0
);
return
hash;
}
@Override
public
boolean
equals(Object object) {
//
TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set
if
(
!
(object
instanceof
Department)) {
return
false
;
}
Department other
=
(Department) object;
if
((
this
.id
==
null
&&
other.id
!=
null
)
||
(
this
.id
!=
null
&&
!
this
.id.equals(other.id))) {
return
false
;
}
return
true
;
}
@Override
public
String toString() {
return
"
com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Department[id=
"
+
id
+
"
]
"
;
}
}
人员的实体对象
/*
* To change this template, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package
com.hadeslee.jpaentity;
import
java.io.Serializable;
import
javax.persistence.Entity;
import
javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import
javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import
javax.persistence.Id;
import
javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import
javax.persistence.Table;
/**
*
*
@author
hadeslee
*/
@Entity
@Table(name
=
"
JPAPerson
"
)
public
class
Person
implements
Serializable {
private
static
final
long
serialVersionUID
=
1L
;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy
=
GenerationType.AUTO)
private
Integer id;
private
String name;
private
int
age;
@ManyToOne
private
Department department;
public
int
getAge() {
return
age;
}
public
void
setAge(
int
age) {
this
.age
=
age;
}
public
Department getDepartment() {
return
department;
}
public
void
setDepartment(Department department) {
this
.department
=
department;
}
public
String getName() {
return
name;
}
public
void
setName(String name) {
this
.name
=
name;
}
public
Integer getId() {
return
id;
}
public
void
setId(Integer id) {
this
.id
=
id;
}
@Override
public
int
hashCode() {
int
hash
=
0
;
hash
+=
(id
!=
null
?
id.hashCode() :
0
);
return
hash;
}
@Override
public
boolean
equals(Object object) {
//
TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set
if
(
!
(object
instanceof
Person)) {
return
false
;
}
Person other
=
(Person) object;
if
((
this
.id
==
null
&&
other.id
!=
null
)
||
(
this
.id
!=
null
&&
!
this
.id.equals(other.id))) {
return
false
;
}
return
true
;
}
@Override
public
String toString() {
return
"
com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Person[id=
"
+
id
+
"
]
"
;
}
}
由于JPA是不需要配置的,代码里面已经包括了注释,所以下面附上Hibernate的映射文件,为了使数据库里面更清楚一些,所以两者使用的表不是同一张表,JPA的表是带JPA前缀的,用@Table这个注释声明了这一点。
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"
>
<
hibernate-mapping
package
="com.hadeslee.jpaentity"
>
<
class
name
="Department"
table
="Department"
>
<
id
name
="id"
column
="departId"
type
="long"
>
<
generator
class
="native"
/>
id
>
<
property
name
="deptName"
/>
<
property
name
="description"
/>
<
set
name
="persons"
>
<
key
column
="deptId"
/>
<
one-to-many
class
="Person"
/>
set
>
class
>
<
class
name
="Person"
table
="Person"
>
<
id
name
="id"
column
="personId"
type
="long"
>
<
generator
class
="native"
/>
id
>
<
property
name
="name"
/>
<
property
name
="age"
/>
<
many-to-one
name
="department"
column
="deptId"
class
="Department"
/>
class
>
hibernate-mapping
>
调用JPA的代码如下:
EntityManagerFactory emf
=
Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(
"
TestSSH1PU2
"
);
EntityManager em
=
emf.createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Person p
=
new
com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Person();
p.setAge(
26
);
p.setName(
"
千里冰封
"
);
com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Department dept
=
em.find(com.hadeslee.jpaentity.Department.
class
, Long.valueOf(
"
3
"
));
System.out.println(
"
找到的dept=
"
+
dept);
em.remove(dept);
em.getTransaction().commit();
调用hibernate的代码如下:
Session session
=
HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();
session.getTransaction().begin();
Department dept
=
(Department) session.load(Department.
class
,
2
);
session.delete(dept);
session.getTransaction().commit();
最后发现是JPA是不能删除的,而hibernate这边的调用可以删除,一开始我还以为是toplink的实现问题,后来特意把实现改成 hibernate的实现,也同样。所以有可能是JPA的要求必须得这样做,不能替我们自动完成一些东西,是利于安全。这可能就是标准和流行的差别吧。呵 呵。