经济学人精读 The Economist [62]
选自| January 27 2018 | China |板块
更多英语阅读听力口语内容，请关注
微信公众号MyEnglishTrip
我是Eva
一个认真学习英语的美少女
#昨日回顾#
在过去，中国消费者对个人数据隐私的重视程度似乎不如其他国家，但是对个人隐私保护的意识的确的逐渐增强。随着社交媒体和手机app的应用，个人信息在未经用户允许或未告知用户的情况下，被手机app平台利用，监控用户行为，或与第三方分享，也使得有不法分子利用非法获取这些个人隐私数据谋财。直到去年网络安全法案生效，中国法律才开始定义对个人信息进行了定义。
经济学人精读 The Economist [62下]
选自 | January 27 2018 | China | 板块
#Eva导读
有两个方面的改变对公众对待个人隐私态度的转变有帮助。一个是人们对网络诈骗的担忧加重；另一方面，互联网公司也在要求对公众数据的保护，虽然互联网公司的目的并不单纯：他们想利用用户数据创造更大的价值。但是，政府在对个人隐私数据的保护方面却与大众的担忧不一致。而政府的目的在于利用这些数据加强对社会的管控。
#以上，个人总结和理解，欢迎批评指正，欢迎留言讨论
#有输出才有进步
Two things are helping to change public attitudes[有两个方面对改变公众态度有帮助]. One is rising concern about online fraud, a huge problem in China[第一个是对网络诈骗的担忧加重，网络诈骗在中国是一个大问题]. A survey in 2016 by the Internet Society of China found that no less than 84% of respondents said they had suffered from some form of data theft[2016年中国互联网协会的一项调查发现多于84%的回复者表明他们曾经历过某些形式的数据盗窃]. The number of cases seems to be rising[这种事件的数量似乎在增加]. In2017, according to Legal Daily, a newspaper, the police investigated4,900 cases of theft of personal information, resulting in the arrests of over15,000 people[2017年，根据法制日报，警察调查了4900起个人信息盗窃的案件，因此类案件被逮捕的人数超过1万5千人]. Thatis twice the number of cases and four times as many suspects as in the previousyear[这样的案件数量是前一年的两倍，嫌疑人数量是前一年的四倍]. Worries about data theft are not the same as concerns about privacy[对数据盗窃的担忧与对隐私的担忧不同]. But the two sentiments often overlap[但是两者通常有重叠].
The other big change is the surprising emergence of China’s internet companies as lobbyists[说客]for better data protection, even though their motives are mixed[另一个变化是中国互联网企业以要求更好数据保护的说客身份的意外出现，尽管他们的动机有很多]. On the one hand, the data they are scooping up from consumers are becoming an evermore prized commodity[另一方面，他们从消费者身上获取的数据甚至成为了更有价值的商品]. The companies want to use the data in pursuit of global dominance in the business of AI[这些企业想要使用这些数据追求商业人工智能领域的全球主导地位]. So they have an incentive to collect as much data as possible and support lax data-protection laws[因此他们有动机去搜集尽可能多的数据，并支持松懈的数据保护法律]. On the other hand, consumers in China are demanding tighter protection, while their counterparts in the West, where the Chinese companies are trying to expand their business, have even greater privacy concerns[另一方面，中国消费者要求更严格的保护，而在西方国家，消费者甚至有更大的隐私担忧，中国企业正努力将生意扩展到西方国家].
For the past year, companies have been debating how to strike the right balance[在过去的一年，企业一直在争论如何达到恰当的平衡点]. Now, it seems, consumer pressure may be winning out[现在看来，消费者的压力获得了最后的胜利]. Frank Fan, a data-security expert, argues that recent events will prove a turning point[一位数据安全专家Frank Fan认为，近来的事件将证明是一个转折点]. “In the future,” he says, “data-protection policies will determine whether a company will succeed or not.[他说“未来，数据保护政策将决定一个公司的成败]” Nie Zhengjun, Ant Financial’s chief privacy officer (yes, they have one) claims that Chinese consumers are “no longer content with preventing information from being used for fraudulent purposes...Now they want control in protecting their privacy.”[蚂蚁金服首席隐私官（是的，他们有这个职位）聂正军声称中国消费者“已经不再满足于防止信息以诈骗目的利用…现在他们想要保护他们隐私的控制权”]
The question is how these shifts in consumer attitudes and company behaviour will affect the government, which is gathering vast quantities of personal information without the public’s consent[问题是，消费者态度和企业行为的这些转变将怎样影响政府，政府未经大众允许，正在大量收集个人信息]. This includes DNA data taken from millions of people, including all inhabitants of the western province of Xinjiang[这些数据包括采自数百万人的基因，包括西部省份新疆所有居民的信息]. The government’s aim is to use the data to help it to strengthen social control[政府的目的是要利用这些数据帮助政府加强社会管制].
In2017 the government launched an inspection campaign examining the privacy policies often internet firms[2017年，政府启动了一项检查活动，检查十大互联网公司的隐私政策]. At least five were found to have improved data protection by making it easier for users to delete personal information[至少有5家公司通过让用户更容易的删掉个人信息来加强对数据的保护]. This enabled the government to boast[夸耀]aboutthe security of China’s data-protection laws and claim that it was making personal information safe from criminals[这使得政府夸耀中国数据保护法的安全性，并声称这使得个人信息免受犯罪分子威胁].
At the same time, however, the cyber-security law required that copies of all personal data gathered by operators of “critical information infrastructure” in mainland China must be stored there[然而，与此同时，网络安全法律要求所有在中国大陆由“关键信息基础设施”管理者收集的个人数据附件必须保存]. This has fuelled suspicions that the government wants to be able to gain access to them, either covertly[秘密地]orby putting pressure on data-storage companies[这增加了对政府想要获取这些信息的怀疑，要么是秘密获取的，要么是给数据存储公司施加压力]. At the end of February, Apple will comply with the new law by handing management of the data of iCloud customers in China to a state-owned company[二月末，苹果将依照新的法律，将中国iCloud用户数据的管理移交给一家国有企业]. (The American firm insists that “no back doors will be created into any of our systems” and that it will ensure “strong data privacy”.)[美国公司坚持“我们的系统是不会开后门的”，并且它保证“数据高度隐私”]
In the long run, the public’s growing concerns about privacy must be at odds[与…不一致] with the government’s efforts to create a new form of surveillance state[从长期来看，大众对隐私逐渐增长的担忧一定会与政府的工作不负，政府要建立一种新型监控状态]. But the Communist Party shows no sign of concern: it seems to be able to have its cake and eat it[但是，某党并没有发出任何表示担心的信号：他看上去势在必得]. It is tightening data-protection rules for companies, while making it easier for itself to grab more private information[他对企业的数据保护的规则严格，然而却使他自己更容易获得个人信息].
更多英语阅读听力口语内容，请关注
微信公众号MyEnglishTrip
我是Eva
一个认真学习英语的美少女