sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com
sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NameNode	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NameNode	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">
sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">Zookeeper	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">Zookeeper	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">Zookeeper
sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode
sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">ResourceManage	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">ResourceManage
sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager	sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager

bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com	bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com	bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com
NameNode	NameNode
Zookeeper	Zookeeper	Zookeeper
DataNode	DataNode	DataNode
	ResourceManage	ResourceManage
NodeManager	NodeManager	NodeManager

"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">"box-sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com	"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">"box-sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com	"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">"box-sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NameNode1	"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NameNode2	"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NameNode3
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">	"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">ResourceManage	"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode	"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode	"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager	"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager	"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager

马帅的博客

Hadoop搭建部署

GitChat 作者：鸣宇淳
原文：史上最详细的Hadoop环境搭建
关注公众号：GitChat 技术杂谈，一本正经的讲技术
【不要错过文末活动哦】

前言

Hadoop在大数据技术体系中的地位至关重要，Hadoop是大数据技术的基础，对Hadoop基础知识的掌握的扎实程度，会决定在大数据技术道路上走多远。

这是一篇入门文章，Hadoop的学习方法很多，网上也有很多学习路线图。本文的思路是：以安装部署Apache Hadoop2.x版本为主线，来介绍Hadoop2.x的架构组成、各模块协同工作原理、技术细节。安装不是目的，通过安装认识Hadoop才是目的。

本文分为五个部分、十三节、四十九步。

第一部分：Linux环境安装

Hadoop是运行在Linux，虽然借助工具也可以运行在Windows上，但是建议还是运行在Linux系统上，第一部分介绍Linux环境的安装、配置、Java JDK安装等。

第二部分：Hadoop本地模式安装

Hadoop本地模式只是用于本地开发调试，或者快速安装体验Hadoop，这部分做简单的介绍。

第三部分：Hadoop伪分布式模式安装

学习Hadoop一般是在伪分布式模式下进行。这种模式是在一台机器上各个进程上运行Hadoop的各个模块，伪分布式的意思是虽然各个模块是在各个进程上分开运行的，但是只是运行在一个操作系统上的，并不是真正的分布式。

第四部分：完全分布式安装

完全分布式模式才是生产环境采用的模式，Hadoop运行在服务器集群上，生产环境一般都会做HA，以实现高可用。

第五部分：Hadoop HA安装

HA是指高可用，为了解决Hadoop单点故障问题，生产环境一般都做HA部署。这部分介绍了如何配置Hadoop2.x的高可用，并简单介绍了HA的工作原理。
安装过程中，会穿插简单介绍涉及到的知识。希望能对大家有所帮助。

第一部分：Linux环境安装

第一步、配置Vmware NAT网络

一、Vmware网络模式介绍

参考：http://blog.csdn.net/collection4u/article/details/14127671

二、NAT模式配置

NAT是网络地址转换，是在宿主机和虚拟机之间增加一个地址转换服务，负责外部和虚拟机之间的通讯转接和IP转换。

我们部署Hadoop集群，这里选择NAT模式，各个虚拟机通过NAT使用宿主机的IP来访问外网。

我们的要求是集群中的各个虚拟机有固定的IP、可以访问外网，所以进行如下设置：

1、 Vmware安装后，默认的NAT设置如下：

2、默认的设置是启动DHCP服务的，NAT会自动给虚拟机分配IP，但是我们需要将各个机器的IP固定下来，所以要取消这个默认设置。

3、为机器设置一个子网网段，默认是192.168.136网段，我们这里设置为100网段，将来各个虚拟机Ip就为 192.168.100.*。

4、点击NAT设置按钮，打开对话框，可以修改网关地址和DNS地址。这里我们为NAT指定DNS地址。

5、网关地址为当前网段里的.2地址，好像是固定的，我们不做修改，先记住网关地址就好了，后面会用到。

第二步、安装Linux操作系统

三、Vmware上安装Linux系统

1、文件菜单选择新建虚拟机

2、选择经典类型安装，下一步。

3、选择稍后安装操作系统，下一步。

4、选择Linux系统，版本选择CentOS 64位。

5、命名虚拟机，给虚拟机起个名字，将来显示在Vmware左侧。并选择Linux系统保存在宿主机的哪个目录下，应该一个虚拟机保存在一个目录下，不能多个虚拟机使用一个目录。

6、指定磁盘容量，是指定分给Linux虚拟机多大的硬盘，默认20G就可以，下一步。

7、点击自定义硬件，可以查看、修改虚拟机的硬件配置，这里我们不做修改。

8、点击完成后，就创建了一个虚拟机，但是此时的虚拟机还是一个空壳，没有操作系统，接下来安装操作系统。

9、点击编辑虚拟机设置，找到DVD，指定操作系统ISO文件所在位置。

10、点击开启此虚拟机，选择第一个回车开始安装操作系统。

11、设置root密码。

12、选择Desktop，这样就会装一个Xwindow。

13、先不添加普通用户，其他用默认的，就把Linux安装完毕了。

四、设置网络

因为Vmware的NAT设置中关闭了DHCP自动分配IP功能，所以Linux还没有IP，需要我们设置网络各个参数。

1、用root进入Xwindow，右击右上角的网络连接图标，选择修改连接。

2、网络连接里列出了当前Linux里所有的网卡，这里只有一个网卡System eth0，点击编辑。

3、配置IP、子网掩码、网关（和NAT设置的一样）、DNS等参数，因为NAT里设置网段为100.*，所以这台机器可以设置为192.168.100.10网关和NAT一致，为192.168.100.2

4、用ping来检查是否可以连接外网，如下图，已经连接成功。

五、修改Hostname

1、临时修改hostname

[root@localhost Desktop]# hostname bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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这种修改方式，系统重启后就会失效。

2、永久修改hostname

想永久修改，应该修改配置文件 /etc/sysconfig/network。

命令：[root@bigdata-senior01 ~] vim /etc/sysconfig/network
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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打开文件后，

NETWORKING=yes  #使用网络
HOSTNAME=bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com  #设置主机名
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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六、配置Host

命令：[root@bigdata-senior01 ~] vim /etc/hosts
添加hosts: 192.168.100.10 bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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七、关闭防火墙

学习环境可以直接把防火墙关闭掉。

(1) 用root用户登录后，执行查看防火墙状态。

[root@bigdata-senior01 hadoop]# service iptables status
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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(2) 用[root@bigdata-senior01 hadoop]# service iptables stop关闭防火墙，这个是临时关闭防火墙。

[root@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]# service iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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(3) 如果要永久关闭防火墙用。

[root@bigdata-senior01 hadoop]# chkconfig iptables off
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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关闭，这种需要重启才能生效。

八、关闭selinux

selinux是Linux一个子安全机制，学习环境可以将它禁用。

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled

SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:

targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

第三步、安装JDK

九、安装Java JDK

1、查看是否已经安装了java JDK。

[root@bigdata-senior01 Desktop]# java –version
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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注意：Hadoop机器上的JDK，最好是Oracle的Java JDK，不然会有一些问题，比如可能没有JPS命令。
如果安装了其他版本的JDK，卸载掉。

2、安装java JDK

(1) 去下载Oracle版本Java JDK：jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz

(2) 将jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz解压到/opt/modules目录下

[root@bigdata-senior01 /]# tar -zxvf jdk-7u67-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /opt/modules
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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(3) 添加环境变量

设置JDK的环境变量 JAVA_HOME。需要修改配置文件/etc/profile，追加

export JAVA_HOME="/opt/modules/jdk1.7.0_67" 

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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修改完毕后，执行 source /etc/profile

(4)安装后再次执行 java –version,可以看见已经安装完成。

[root@bigdata-senior01 /]# java -version 

java version "1.7.0_67" 

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_67-b01) 

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.65-b04, mixed mode)
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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第二部分：Hadoop本地模式安装

第四步、Hadoop部署模式

Hadoop部署模式有：本地模式、伪分布模式、完全分布式模式、HA完全分布式模式。

区分的依据是NameNode、DataNode、ResourceManager、NodeManager等模块运行在几个JVM进程、几个机器。

模式名称	各个模块占用的JVM进程数	各个模块运行在几个机器数上
本地模式	1个	1个
伪分布式模式	N个	1个
完全分布式模式	N个	N个
HA完全分布式	N个	N个

第五步、本地模式部署

十、本地模式介绍

本地模式是最简单的模式，所有模块都运行与一个JVM进程中，使用的本地文件系统，而不是HDFS，本地模式主要是用于本地开发过程中的运行调试用。下载hadoop安装包后不用任何设置，默认的就是本地模式。

十一、解压hadoop后就是直接可以使用

1、创建一个存放本地模式hadoop的目录

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 modules]$ mkdir /opt/modules/hadoopstandalone"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">2、解压hadoop文件

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 modules]$ tar -zxf /opt/sofeware/hadoop-2.5.0.tar.gz  -C /opt/modules/hadoopstandalone/
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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3、确保JAVA_HOME环境变量已经配置好

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 modules]$ echo ${JAVA_HOME} 

/opt/modules/jdk1.7.0_67
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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十二、运行MapReduce程序，验证

我们这里用hadoop自带的wordcount例子来在本地模式下测试跑mapreduce。

1、准备mapreduce输入文件wc.input

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 modules]$ cat /opt/data/wc.input 

hadoop mapreduce hive 

hbase spark storm 

sqoop hadoop hive 

spark hadoop
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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2、运行hadoop自带的mapreduce Demo

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoopstandalone]$ bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0.jar wordcount /opt/data/wc.input output2"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/7492ce20-5cba-11e7-86d9-f17e4b747fa0" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">3、查看输出文件

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoopstandalone]$ ll output2 

total 4 

-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop 60 Jul  7 12:50 part-r-00000 

-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop  0 Jul  7 12:50 _SUCCESS
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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输出目录中有_SUCCESS文件说明JOB运行成功，part-r-00000是输出结果文件。

第三部分：Hadoop伪分布式模式安装

第六步、伪分布式Hadoop部署过程

十三、Hadoop所用的用户设置

1、创建一个名字为hadoop的普通用户

[root@bigdata-senior01 ~]# useradd hadoop 

[root@bigdata-senior01 ~]# passwd hadoop
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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2、给hadoop用户sudo权限

[root@bigdata-senior01 ~]# vim /etc/sudoers
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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设置权限，学习环境可以将hadoop用户的权限设置的大一些，但是生产环境一定要注意普通用户的权限限制。

root    ALL=(ALL)       ALL 

hadoop ALL=(root) NOPASSWD:ALL
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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注意：如果root用户无权修改sudoers文件，先手动为root用户添加写权限。

[root@bigdata-senior01 ~]# chmod u+w /etc/sudoers
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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3、切换到hadoop用户

[root@bigdata-senior01 ~]# su - hadoop 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 ~]$"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 ~]$ sudo mkdir /opt/modules
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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5、将hadoop文件夹的所有者指定为hadoop用户

如果存放hadoop的目录的所有者不是hadoop，之后hadoop运行中可能会有权限问题，那么就讲所有者改为hadoop。

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 ~]# sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop /opt/modules
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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十四、解压Hadoop目录文件

1、复制hadoop-2.5.0.tar.gz到/opt/modules目录下。

2、解压hadoop-2.5.0.tar.gz

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 ~]# cd /opt/modules 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop]# tar -zxvf hadoop-2.5.0.tar.gz
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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十五、配置Hadoop

1、配置Hadoop环境变量

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop]# vim /etc/profile
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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追加配置：

export HADOOP_HOME="/opt/modules/hadoop-2.5.0" 

export PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$PATH"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 /]$ echo $HADOOP_HOME 

/opt/modules/hadoop-2.5.0
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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2、配置 hadoop-env.sh、mapred-env.sh、yarn-env.sh文件的JAVA_HOME参数

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 ~]$ sudo vim  ${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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修改JAVA_HOME参数为： 

export JAVA_HOME="/opt/modules/jdk1.7.0_67"
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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3、配置core-site.xml

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 ~]{HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

（1） fs.defaultFS参数配置的是HDFS的地址。

<property> 

<name>fs.defaultFSname> 

<value>hdfs://bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:8020value> 

property>
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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（2） hadoop.tmp.dir配置的是Hadoop临时目录，比如HDFS的NameNode数据默认都存放这个目录下，查看*-default.xml等默认配置文件，就可以看到很多依赖${hadoop.tmp.dir}的配置。

默认的hadoop.tmp.dir是/tmp/hadoop-${user.name},此时有个问题就是NameNode会将HDFS的元数据存储在这个/tmp目录下，如果操作系统重启了，系统会清空/tmp目录下的东西，导致NameNode元数据丢失，是个非常严重的问题，所有我们应该修改这个路径。

    [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sudo mkdir -p /opt/data/tmp"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"box-sizing: border-box;">将临时目录的所有者修改为hadoop

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ sudo chown –R hadoop:hadoop /opt/data/tmp
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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修改hadoop.tmp.dir

 <property> 

   <name>hadoop.tmp.dirname> 

    <value>/opt/data/tmpvalue> 

  property>
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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十六、配置、格式化、启动HDFS

1、配置hdfs-site.xml

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ vim ${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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    <property> 

       <name>dfs.replicationname> 

       <value>1value> 

    property>
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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dfs.replication配置的是HDFS存储时的备份数量，因为这里是伪分布式环境只有一个节点，所以这里设置为1。

2、格式化HDFS

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 ~]$ hdfs namenode –format"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"box-sizing: border-box;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">格式化时，这里注意hadoop.tmp.dir目录的权限问题，应该hadoop普通用户有读写权限才行，可以将/opt/data的所有者改为hadoop。
"box-sizing: border-box;">[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sudo chown -R hadoop:hadoop /opt/data
查看NameNode格式化后的目录。

   [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 ~]$ ll /opt/data/tmp/dfs/name/current
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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fsimage是NameNode元数据在内存满了后，持久化保存到的文件。

fsimage*.md5 是校验文件，用于校验fsimage的完整性。

seen_txid 是hadoop的版本

vession文件里保存：

namespaceID：NameNode的唯一ID。
clusterID:集群ID，NameNode和DataNode的集群ID应该一致，表明是一个集群。

#Mon Jul 04 17:25:50 CST 2016 

namespaceID=2101579007 

clusterID=CID-205277e6-493b-4601-8e33-c09d1d23ece4 

cTime=0 

storageType=NAME_NODE 

blockpoolID=BP-1641019026-127.0.0.1-1467624350057 

layoutVersion=-57
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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3、启动NameNode

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode 

starting namenode, logging to /opt/modules/hadoop-2.5.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com.out
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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4、启动DataNode

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode 

starting datanode, logging to /opt/modules/hadoop-2.5.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com.out
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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5、启动SecondaryNameNode

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start secondarynamenode 

starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/modules/hadoop-2.5.0/logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com.out
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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6、 JPS命令查看是否已经启动成功，有结果就是启动成功了。

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ jps 

3034 NameNode 

3233 Jps 

3193 SecondaryNameNode 

3110 DataNode
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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7、 HDFS上测试创建目录、上传、下载文件

HDFS上创建目录

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ${HADOOP_HOME}/bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /demo1
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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上传本地文件到HDFS上

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ${HADOOP_HOME}/bin/hdfs dfs -put  

${HADOOP_HOME}/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml /demo1"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ ${HADOOP_HOME}/bin/hdfs dfs -cat /demo1/core-site.xml"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/fe96fd30-5cba-11e7-8185-21ba04c77532" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -get /demo1/core-site.xml
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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十七、配置、启动YARN

1、配置mapred-site.xml

默认没有mapred-site.xml文件，但是有个mapred-site.xml.template配置模板文件。复制模板生成mapred-site.xml。

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]# cp etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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添加配置如下：

<property> 

<name>mapreduce.framework.namename> 

<value>yarnvalue> 

property>
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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指定mapreduce运行在yarn框架上。

2、配置yarn-site.xml

添加配置如下：

<property> 

  <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-servicesname> 

  <value>mapreduce_shufflevalue> 

property> 

<property> 

    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostnamename> 

    <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.comvalue> 

 property>
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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yarn.nodemanager.aux-services配置了yarn的默认混洗方式，选择为mapreduce的默认混洗算法。
yarn.resourcemanager.hostname指定了Resourcemanager运行在哪个节点上。

3、启动Resourcemanager

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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4、启动nodemanager

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start nodemanager
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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5、查看是否启动成功

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ jps 

3034 NameNode 

4439 NodeManager 

4197 ResourceManager 

4543 Jps 

3193 SecondaryNameNode 

3110 DataNode
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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可以看到ResourceManager、NodeManager已经启动成功了。

6、 YARN的Web页面

YARN的Web客户端端口号是8088，通过http://192.168.100.10:8088/可以查看。

十八、运行MapReduce Job

在Hadoop的share目录里，自带了一些jar包，里面带有一些mapreduce实例小例子，位置在share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.5.0.jar，可以运行这些例子体验刚搭建好的Hadoop平台，我们这里来运行最经典的WordCount实例。

1、创建测试用的Input文件

创建输入目录:

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /wordcountdemo/input"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">创建原始文件:

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/178763e0-5cbe-11e7-86d9-f17e4b747fa0" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -put /opt/data/wc.input /wordcountdemo/input
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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2、运行WordCount MapReduce Job

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/yarn jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples- 

2.5.0.jar wordcount /wordcountdemo/input /wordcountdemo/output
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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3、查看输出结果目录

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -ls /wordcountdemo/output 

-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop supergroup          0 2016-07-05 05:12 /wordcountdemo/output/_SUCCESS 

-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop supergroup         60 2016-07-05 05:12 /wordcountdemo/output/part-r-00000
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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output目录中有两个文件，_SUCCESS文件是空文件，有这个文件说明Job执行成功。
part-r-00000文件是结果文件，其中-r-说明这个文件是Reduce阶段产生的结果，mapreduce程序执行时，可以没有reduce阶段，但是肯定会有map阶段，如果没有reduce阶段这个地方有是-m-。
一个reduce会产生一个part-r-开头的文件。
查看输出文件内容。

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -cat /wordcountdemo/output/part-r-00000 

hadoop  3 

hbase   1 

hive    2 

mapreduce       1 

spark   2 

sqoop   1 

storm   1
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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结果是按照键值排好序的。

十九、停止Hadoop

 [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop namenode 

stopping namenode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode 

stopping datanode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/yarn-daemon.sh stop resourcemanager 

stopping resourcemanager 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/yarn-daemon.sh stop nodemanager 

stopping nodemanager
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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二十、 Hadoop各个功能模块的理解

1、 HDFS模块

HDFS负责大数据的存储，通过将大文件分块后进行分布式存储方式，突破了服务器硬盘大小的限制，解决了单台机器无法存储大文件的问题，HDFS是个相对独立的模块，可以为YARN提供服务，也可以为HBase等其他模块提供服务。

2、 YARN模块

YARN是一个通用的资源协同和任务调度框架，是为了解决Hadoop1.x中MapReduce里NameNode负载太大和其他问题而创建的一个框架。

YARN是个通用框架，不止可以运行MapReduce，还可以运行Spark、Storm等其他计算框架。

3、 MapReduce模块

MapReduce是一个计算框架，它给出了一种数据处理的方式，即通过Map阶段、Reduce阶段来分布式地流式处理数据。它只适用于大数据的离线处理，对实时性要求很高的应用不适用。

第七步、开启历史服务

二十一、历史服务介绍

Hadoop开启历史服务可以在web页面上查看Yarn上执行job情况的详细信息。可以通过历史服务器查看已经运行完的Mapreduce作业记录，比如用了多少个Map、用了多少个Reduce、作业提交时间、作业启动时间、作业完成时间等信息。

二十二、开启历史服务

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver、"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"_blank" href="http://bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:19888/" style="color: rgb(79, 161, 219); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: border-box;">http://bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:19888/

二十三、Web查看job执行历史

1、运行一个mapreduce任务

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/yarn jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples- 

2.5.0.jar wordcount /wordcountdemo/input /wordcountdemo/output1
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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2、 job执行中

3、查看job历史

历史服务器的Web端口默认是19888，可以查看Web界面。

但是在上面所显示的某一个Job任务页面的最下面，Map和Reduce个数的链接上，点击进入Map的详细信息页面，再查看某一个Map或者Reduce的详细日志是看不到的，是因为没有开启日志聚集服务。

二十四、开启日志聚集

4、日志聚集介绍

MapReduce是在各个机器上运行的，在运行过程中产生的日志存在于各个机器上，为了能够统一查看各个机器的运行日志，将日志集中存放在HDFS上，这个过程就是日志聚集。

5、开启日志聚集

配置日志聚集功能：

Hadoop默认是不启用日志聚集的。在yarn-site.xml文件里配置启用日志聚集。

<property> 

    <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enablename> 

    <value>truevalue> 

 property> 

<property> 

    <name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-secondsname> 

    <value>106800value> 

 property>
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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yarn.log-aggregation-enable:是否启用日志聚集功能。

yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds：设置日志保留时间，单位是秒。

将配置文件分发到其他节点：

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop]$ scp /opt/modules/hadoop-2.5.0/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules/hadoop-2.5.0/etc/hadoop/ 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop]$ scp /opt/modules/hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules/hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0/etc/hadoop/"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">重启Yarn进程：

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ sbin/stop-yarn.sh 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh stop historyserver 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">6、测试日志聚集

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">bin/yarn jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0.jar wordcount /input /output1"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">查看日志：

"第四部分完全分布式安装-1" style="margin: 0.8em 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-size: 1.7em;">"t4">"_blank" name="t17" style="color: rgb(79, 161, 219); box-sizing: border-box;">第四部分：完全分布式安装

"第八步完全布式环境部署hadoop" style="margin: 0.8em 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-size: 1.25em;">"_blank" name="t18" style="color: rgb(79, 161, 219); box-sizing: border-box;">第八步、完全布式环境部署Hadoop

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">1、克隆虚拟机

"box-sizing: border-box;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Vmware左侧选中要克隆的机器，这里对原有的BigData01机器进行克隆，虚拟机菜单中，选中管理菜单下的克隆命令。
"box-sizing: border-box;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">选择“创建完整克隆”，虚拟机名称为BigData02，选择虚拟机文件保存路径，进行克隆。
"box-sizing: border-box;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">再次克隆一个名为BigData03的虚拟机。

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">2、配置网络

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">修改网卡名称：

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在BigData02和BigData03机器上编辑网卡信息。执行sudo vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules命令。因为是从BigData01机器克隆来的，所以会保留BigData01的网卡eth0，并且再添加一个网卡eth1。并且eth0的Mac地址和BigData01的地址是一样的，Mac地址不允许相同，所以要删除eth0，只保留eth1网卡，并且要将eth1改名为eth0。将修改后的eth0的mac地址复制下来，修改network-scripts文件中的HWADDR属性。

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/692fc750-5cbe-11e7-8ca5-edc6aa6f5290" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">修改网络参数：

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">3、配置Hostname

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">4、配置hosts

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sudo vim /etc/hosts 

192.168.100.10 bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com 

192.168.100.12 bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com 

192.168.100.13 bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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5、配置Windows上的SSH客户端

在本地Windows中的SSH客户端上添加对BigData02、BigData03机器的SSH链接。

二十六、服务器功能规划

bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com	bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com	bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com
NameNode	ResourceManage
DataNode	DataNode	DataNode
NodeManager	NodeManager	NodeManager
HistoryServer		SecondaryNameNode

二十七、在第一台机器上安装新的Hadoop

为了和之前BigData01机器上安装伪分布式Hadoop区分开来，我们将BigData01上的Hadoop服务都停止掉，然后在一个新的目录/opt/modules/app下安装另外一个Hadoop。
我们采用先在第一台机器上解压、配置Hadoop，然后再分发到其他两台机器上的方式来安装集群。

6、解压Hadoop目录：

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 modules]$ tar -zxf /opt/sofeware/hadoop-2.5.0.tar.gz -C /opt/modules/app/code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1li>ul>pre><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">7、 配置Hadoop JDK路径修改hadoop-env.sh、mapred-env.sh、yarn-env.sh文件中的JDK路径：p><pre class="prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;"><code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">export JAVA_HOME="/opt/modules/jdk1.7.0_67"code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1li>ul>pre><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">8、 配置core-site.xmlp><pre class="prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;"><code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ vim etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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<configuration> 

 <property> 

   <name>fs.defaultFSname> 

   <value>hdfs://bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:8020value> 

 property> 

 <property> 

   <name>hadoop.tmp.dirname> 

   <value>/opt/modules/app/hadoop-2.5.0/data/tmpvalue> 

 property> 

configuration>
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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fs.defaultFS为NameNode的地址。

hadoop.tmp.dir为hadoop临时目录的地址，默认情况下，NameNode和DataNode的数据文件都会存在这个目录下的对应子目录下。应该保证此目录是存在的，如果不存在，先创建。

9、配置hdfs-site.xml

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ vim etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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<configuration> 

 <property> 

   <name>dfs.namenode.secondary.http-addressname> 

   <value>bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:50090value> 

 property> 

configuration>
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address是指定secondaryNameNode的http访问地址和端口号，因为在规划中，我们将BigData03规划为SecondaryNameNode服务器。

所以这里设置为：bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:50090

10、配置slaves

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ vim etc/hadoop/slaves 

bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com 

bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com 

bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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slaves文件是指定HDFS上有哪些DataNode节点。

11、配置yarn-site.xml

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ vim etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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    <property> 

        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-servicesname> 

        <value>mapreduce_shufflevalue> 

    property> 

    <property> 

        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostnamename> 

        <value>bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.comvalue> 

    property> 

    <property> 

        <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enablename> 

        <value>truevalue> 

    property> 

    <property> 

        <name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-secondsname> 

        <value>106800value> 

    property>
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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根据规划yarn.resourcemanager.hostname这个指定resourcemanager服务器指向bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com。

yarn.log-aggregation-enable是配置是否启用日志聚集功能。

yarn.log-aggregation.retain-seconds是配置聚集的日志在HDFS上最多保存多长时间。

12、配置mapred-site.xml

从mapred-site.xml.template复制一个mapred-site.xml文件。

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ cp etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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<configuration> 

    <property> 

        <name>mapreduce.framework.namename> 

        <value>yarnvalue> 

    property> 

    <property> 

        <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.addressname> 

        <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:10020value> 

    property> 

    <property> 

        <name>mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.addressname> 

        <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:19888value> 

    property> 

configuration>
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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mapreduce.framework.name设置mapreduce任务运行在yarn上。

mapreduce.jobhistory.address是设置mapreduce的历史服务器安装在BigData01机器上。

mapreduce.jobhistory.webapp.address是设置历史服务器的web页面地址和端口号。

二十八、设置SSH无密码登录

Hadoop集群中的各个机器间会相互地通过SSH访问，每次访问都输入密码是不现实的，所以要配置各个机器间的

SSH是无密码登录的。

1、在BigData01上生成公钥

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ssh-keygen -t rsacode><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1li>ul>pre><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">一路回车，都设置为默认值，然后再当前用户的Home目录下的<code style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 2px 4px; font-size: 13.5px; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.075); white-space: nowrap; border-radius: 0px;">.sshcode>目录中会生成公钥文件<code style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 2px 4px; font-size: 13.5px; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.075); white-space: nowrap; border-radius: 0px;">（id_rsa.pub）code>和私钥文件<code style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 2px 4px; font-size: 13.5px; background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.075); white-space: nowrap; border-radius: 0px;">（id_rsa）code>。p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">2、 分发公钥p><pre class="prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;"><code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ssh-copy-id bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ssh-copy-id bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ ssh-copy-id bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.comcode><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">3li>ul>pre><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">3、 设置BigData02、BigData03到其他机器的无密钥登录p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">同样的在BigData02、BigData03上生成公钥和私钥后，将公钥分发到三台机器上。p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">二十九、分发Hadoop文件p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">1、 首先在其他两台机器上创建存放Hadoop的目录p><pre class="prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;"><code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 ~]$ mkdir /opt/modules/app 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 ~]$ mkdir /opt/modules/appcode><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2li>ul>pre><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">2、 通过Scp分发p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">Hadoop根目录下的share/doc目录是存放的hadoop的文档，文件相当大，建议在分发之前将这个目录删除掉，可以节省硬盘空间并能提高分发的速度。p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">doc目录大小有1.6G。p><pre class="prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;"><code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ du -sh /opt/modules/app/hadoop-2.5.0/share/doc 

1.6G    /opt/modules/app/hadoop-2.5.0/share/doc 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp -r /opt/modules/app/hadoop-2.5.0/ bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules/app 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp -r /opt/modules/app/hadoop-2.5.0/ bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules/appcode><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">3li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">4li>ul>pre><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">三十、格式NameNodep><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在NameNode机器上执行格式化：p><pre class="prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;"><code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ /opt/modules/app/hadoop-2.5.0/bin/hdfs namenode –format
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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注意：

如果需要重新格式化NameNode,需要先将原来NameNode和DataNode下的文件全部删除，不然会报错，NameNode和DataNode所在目录是在core-site.xml中hadoop.tmp.dir、dfs.namenode.name.dir、dfs.datanode.data.dir属性配置的。

<property> 

     <name>hadoop.tmp.dirname> 

     <value>/opt/data/tmpvalue> 

  property> 

<property> 

     <name>dfs.namenode.name.dirname> 

     <value>file://${hadoop.tmp.dir}/dfs/namevalue> 

  property> 

<property> 

     <name>dfs.datanode.data.dirname> 

     <value>file://${hadoop.tmp.dir}/dfs/datavalue> 

  property>
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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因为每次格式化，默认是创建一个集群ID，并写入NameNode和DataNode的VERSION文件中（VERSION文件所在目录为dfs/name/current 和 dfs/data/current），重新格式化时，默认会生成一个新的集群ID,如果不删除原来的目录，会导致namenode中的VERSION文件中是新的集群ID,而DataNode中是旧的集群ID，不一致时会报错。

另一种方法是格式化时指定集群ID参数，指定为旧的集群ID。

三十一、启动集群

1、启动HDFS

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ /opt/modules/app/hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0/sbin/start-dfs.sh"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/7c4619c0-5cbe-11e7-8ca5-edc6aa6f5290" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">2、启动YARN

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ /opt/modules/app/hadoop-2.5.0/sbin/start-yarn.sh
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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在BigData02上启动ResourceManager:

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/98a56fd0-5cbe-11e7-8ca5-edc6aa6f5290" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior03 ~]$ /opt/modules/app/hadoop-2.5.0/sbin/mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver 

starting historyserver, logging to /opt/modules/app/hadoop-2.5.0/logs/mapred-hadoop-historyserver-bigda       ta-senior03.chybinmy.com.out
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 ~]$ jps 

3570 Jps 

3537 JobHistoryServer 

3310 SecondaryNameNode 

3213 DataNode 

3392 NodeManager
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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4、查看HDFS Web页面

http://bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:50070/

5、查看YARN Web 页面

http://bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:8088/cluster

三十二、测试Job

我们这里用hadoop自带的wordcount例子来在本地模式下测试跑mapreduce。

1、准备mapreduce输入文件wc.input

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 modules]$ cat /opt/data/wc.input 

hadoop mapreduce hive 

hbase spark storm 

sqoop hadoop hive 

spark hadoop
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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2、在HDFS创建输入目录input

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /input"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -put /opt/data/wc.input /input/wc.input
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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4、运行hadoop自带的mapreduce Demo

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/yarn jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0.jar wordcount /input/wc.input /output"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/a5cbfbc0-5cbe-11e7-8185-21ba04c77532" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">5、查看输出文件

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -ls /output 

Found 2 items 

-rw-r--r--   3 hadoop supergroup          0 2016-07-14 16:36 /output/_SUCCESS 

-rw-r--r--   3 hadoop supergroup         60 2016-07-14 16:36 /output/part-r-00000
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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第五部分：Hadoop HA安装

HA的意思是High Availability高可用，指当当前工作中的机器宕机后，会自动处理这个异常，并将工作无缝地转移到其他备用机器上去，以来保证服务的高可用。

HA方式安装部署才是最常见的生产环境上的安装部署方式。Hadoop HA是Hadoop 2.x中新添加的特性，包括NameNode HA 和 ResourceManager HA。因为DataNode和NodeManager本身就是被设计为高可用的，所以不用对他们进行特殊的高可用处理。

第九步、时间服务器搭建

Hadoop对集群中各个机器的时间同步要求比较高，要求各个机器的系统时间不能相差太多，不然会造成很多问题。可以配置集群中各个机器和互联网的时间服务器进行时间同步，但是在实际生产环境中，集群中大部分服务器是不能连接外网的，这时候可以在内网搭建一个自己的时间服务器（NTP服务器），集群的各个机器与这个时间服务器进行时间同步。

三十三、配置NTP服务器

我们选择第三台机器（bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com）为NTF服务器，其他机器和这台机器进行同步。

1、检查ntp服务是否已经安装

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 data]$ sudo rpm -qa | grep ntp 

ntpdate-4.2.6p5-1.el6.centos.x86_64 

ntp-4.2.6p5-1.el6.centos.x86_64
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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显示已经安装过了ntp程序，其中ntpdate-4.2.6p5-1.el6.centos.x86_64 是用来和某台服务器进行同步的，ntp-4.2.6p5-1.el6.centos.x86_64是用来提供时间同步服务的。

2、修改配置文件ntp.conf

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 data]$ vim /etc/ntp.conf
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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启用restrice,修改网段

restrict 192.168.100.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap
将这行的注释去掉，并且将网段改为集群的网段，我们这里是100网段。

注释掉server域名配置

#server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

是时间服务器的域名，这里不需要连接互联网，所以将他们注释掉。

修改

server 127.127.1.0

fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 10

3、修改配置文件ntpd

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 ~]$ sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/ntpd"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/c8db0cf0-5cbe-11e7-b8ee-cfb7eda16afc" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">4、启动ntp服务

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior03 ~]$ sudo chkconfig ntpd on
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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这样每次机器启动时，ntp服务都会自动启动。

三十四、配置其他机器的同步

切换到root用户进行配置通过contab进行定时同步：

[root@bigdata-senior02 hadoop]# crontab -e

/10 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com
[root@bigdata-senior02 hadoop]# crontab -e
/10 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com

三十五、测试同步是否有效

1、查看目前三台机器的时间

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 ~]$ date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" 

2016-09-23 16:43:56 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 ~]$ date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" 

2016-09-23 16:44:08 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 data]$ date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" 

2016-09-23 16:44:18
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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2、修改bigdata-senior01上的时间

将时间改为一个以前的时间：

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 data]$ sudo date -s '2016-01-01 00:00:00' 

Fri Jan  1 00:00:00 CST 2016 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 data]$ date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" 

2016-01-01 00:00:05
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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等10分钟，看是否可以实现自动同步，将bigdata-senior01上的时间修改为和bigdata-senior03上的一致。

3、查看是否自动同步时间

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 data]$ date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" 

2016-09-23 16:54:36
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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可以看到bigdata-senior01上的时间已经实现自动同步了。

第十步、Zookeeper分布式机器部署

三十六、zookeeper说明

Zookeeper在Hadoop集群中的作用。

Zookeeper是分布式管理协作框架，Zookeeper集群用来保证Hadoop集群的高可用，（高可用的含义是：集群中就算有一部分服务器宕机，也能保证正常地对外提供服务。）

Zookeeper保证高可用的原理。

Zookeeper集群能够保证NamaNode服务高可用的原理是：Hadoop集群中有两个NameNode服务，两个NaameNode都定时地给Zookeeper发送心跳，告诉Zookeeper我还活着，可以提供服务，单某一个时间只有一个是Action状态，另外一个是Standby状态，一旦Zookeeper检测不到Action NameNode发送来的心跳后，就切换到Standby状态的NameNode上，将它设置为Action状态，所以集群中总有一个可用的NameNode，达到了NameNode的高可用目的。

Zookeeper的选举机制。

Zookeeper集群也能保证自身的高可用，保证自身高可用的原理是，Zookeeper集群中的各个机器分为Leader和Follower两个角色，写入数据时，要先写入Leader，Leader同意写入后，再通知Follower写入。客户端读取数时，因为数据都是一样的，可以从任意一台机器上读取数据。

这里Leader角色就存在单点故障的隐患，高可用就是解决单点故障隐患的。Zookeeper从机制上解决了Leader的单点故障问题，Leader是哪一台机器是不固定的，Leader是选举出来的。选举流程是，集群中任何一台机器发现集群中没有Leader时，就推荐自己为Leader，其他机器来同意，当超过一半数的机器同意它为Leader时，选举结束，所以Zookeeper集群中的机器数据必须是奇数。这样就算当Leader机器宕机后，会很快选举出新的Leader，保证了Zookeeper集群本身的高可用。

写入高可用。

集群中的写入操作都是先通知Leader，Leader再通知Follower写入，实际上当超过一半的机器写入成功后，就认为写入成功了，所以就算有些机器宕机，写入也是成功的。

读取高可用。

zookeeperk客户端读取数据时，可以读取集群中的任何一个机器。所以部分机器的宕机并不影响读取。

zookeeper服务器必须是奇数台，因为zookeeper有选举制度，角色有：领导者、跟随者、观察者，选举的目的是保证集群中数据的一致性。

三十七、安装zookeeper

我们这里在BigData01、BigData02、BigData03三台机器上安装zookeeper集群。

1、解压安装包

在BigData01上安装解压zookeeper安装包。

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ tar -zxf /opt/sofeware/zookeeper-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.4"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.8.tar.gz -C /opt/modules/"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1

"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">2、修改配置

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 zookeeper-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.4"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.8]$ cp conf/zoo_sample.cfg conf/zoo.cfg
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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dataDir属性设置zookeeper的数据文件存放的目录：

dataDir=/opt/modules/zookeeper-3.4.8/data/zData

指定zookeeper集群中各个机器的信息：

server.1=bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:2888:3888 

server.2=bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:2888:3888 

server.3=bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:2888:3888
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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server后面的数字范围是1到255，所以一个zookeeper集群最多可以有255个机器。

3、创建myid文件

在dataDir所指定的目录下创一个名为myid的文件，文件内容为server点后面的数字。

4、分发到其他机器

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ scp -r /opt/modules/zookeeper-3.4.8 bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ scp -r /opt/modules/zookeeper-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.4"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.8 bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2

"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-shell hljs ruby has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior02 zookeeper-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.4."hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8]"hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">$ echo 2 > /opt/modules/zookeeper-3.4.8/data/zData/myid 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ cat /opt/modules/zookeeper-3.4.8/data/zData/myid  

2
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 ~]$ echo 3 > /opt/modules/zookeeper-3.4.8/data/zData/myid 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 ~]$ cat /opt/modules/zookeeper-3.4.8/data/zData/myid 

3
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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6、启动zookeeper

需要在各个机器上分别启动zookeeper。

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ bin/zkServer.sh start 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ bin/zkServer.sh start 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ </span>bin/zkServer.sh start</code>1>
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2</li>3></ul>>"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/e6e83a10-5cbe-11e7-86d9-f17e4b747fa0" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"></p>
三十八、zookeeper命令>
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"box-sizing: border-box;">进入zookeeper Shell</span>>
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在zookeeper根目录下执行 bin/zkCli.sh进入zk shell模式。</p>
zookeeper很像一个小型的文件系统，/是根目录，下面的所有节点都叫zNode。</p>
进入zk shell 后输入任意字符，可以列出所有的zookeeper命令></p>
/images.gitbook.cn/f0fc55e0-5cbe-11e7-b8ee-cfb7eda16afc" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">sizing: border-box;">查询zNode上的数据：get /zookeeper
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">sizing: border-box;">创建一个zNode : create /znode1 “demodata “
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">sizing: border-box;">列出所有子zNode：ls /
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">http://images.gitbook.cn/f9ff01b0-5cbe-11e7-8185-21ba04c77532" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">sizing: border-box;">删除znode : rmr /znode1
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">sizing: border-box;">退出shell模式：quit
2x-hdfs-ha-部署" style="margin: 0.8em 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-size: 1.25em;">" name="t21" style="color: rgb(79, 161, 219); box-sizing: border-box;">第十一步、Hadoop 2.x HDFS HA 部署
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">三十九、HDFS HA原理
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">单NameNode的缺陷存在单点故障的问题，如果NameNode不可用，则会导致整个HDFS文件系统不可用。所以需要设计高可用的HDFS（Hadoop HA）来解决NameNode单点故障的问题。解决的方法是在HDFS集群中设置多个NameNode节点。但是一旦引入多个NameNode，就有一些问题需要解决。
sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">HDFS HA需要保证的四个问题：
sizing: border-box;">sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">保证NameNode内存中元数据数据一致，并保证编辑日志文件的安全性。
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">多个NameNode如何协作
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">客户端如何能正确地访问到可用的那个NameNode。
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">怎么保证任意时刻只能有一个NameNode处于对外服务状态。
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">解决方法
sizing: border-box;">sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">对于保证NameNode元数据的一致性和编辑日志的安全性，采用Zookeeper来存储编辑日志文件。
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">两个NameNode一个是Active状态的，一个是Standby状态的，一个时间点只能有一个Active状态的 
sizing: border-box;">NameNode提供服务,两个NameNode上存储的元数据是实时同步的，当Active的NameNode出现问题时，通过Zookeeper实时切换到Standby的NameNode上，并将Standby改为Active状态。
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">客户端通过连接一个Zookeeper的代理来确定当时哪个NameNode处于服务状态。
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">四十、HDFS HA架构图
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">http://images.gitbook.cn/0446fec0-5cbf-11e7-86d9-f17e4b747fa0" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">HDFS HA架构中有两台NameNode节点，一台是处于活动状态（Active）为客户端提供服务，另外一台处于热备份状态（Standby）。
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">元数据文件有两个文件：fsimage和edits，备份元数据就是备份这两个文件。JournalNode用来实时从Active NameNode上拷贝edits文件，JournalNode有三台也是为了实现高可用。
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Standby NameNode不对外提供元数据的访问，它从Active NameNode上拷贝fsimage文件，从JournalNode上拷贝edits文件，然后负责合并fsimage和edits文件，相当于SecondaryNameNode的作用。最终目的是保证Standby NameNode上的元数据信息和Active NameNode上的元数据信息一致，以实现热备份。
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Zookeeper来保证在Active NameNode失效时及时将Standby NameNode修改为Active状态。
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">ZKFC（失效检测控制）是Hadoop里的一个Zookeeper客户端，在每一个NameNode节点上都启动一个ZKFC进程，来监控NameNode的状态，并把NameNode的状态信息汇报给Zookeeper集群，其实就是在Zookeeper上创建了一个Znode节点，节点里保存了NameNode状态信息。当NameNode失效后，ZKFC检测到报告给Zookeeper，Zookeeper把对应的Znode删除掉，Standby ZKFC发现没有Active状态的NameNode时，就会用shell命令将自己监控的NameNode改为Active状态，并修改Znode上的数据。 
sizing: border-box;">Znode是个临时的节点，临时节点特征是客户端的连接断了后就会把znode删除，所以当ZKFC失效时，也会导致切换NameNode。
sizing: border-box;">top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">DataNode会将心跳信息和Block汇报信息同时发给两台NameNode，DataNode只接受Active NameNode发来的文件读写操作指令。
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">四十一、搭建HDFS HA 环境
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">1、 服务器角色规划
sizing: border-box; width:945.778px; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border:1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size:15px;">sizing: border-box;">sizing: border-box;">sizing: border-box;">sizing: border-box;">sizing: border-box;">sizing: border-box;">sizing: border-box;">sizing: border-box;">   sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com
sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NameNode sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NameNode sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);"> 
sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">Zookeeper sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">Zookeeper sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">Zookeeper
sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode
sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">  sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">ResourceManage sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">ResourceManage
sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">2、 创建HDFS HA 版本Hadoop程序目录
top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在bigdata01、bigdata02、bigdata03三台机器上分别创建目录/opt/modules/hadoopha/用来存放Hadoop HA环境。
" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 modules]$ mkdir /opt/modules/hadoopha
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  3、 新解压Hadoop 2.5.0 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 ~]$ tar -zxf /opt/sofeware/hadoop-2.5.0.tar.gz -C /opt/modules/hadoopha/
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  4、 配置Hadoop JDK路径 
  修改hadoop-env.sh、mapred-env.sh、yarn-env.sh文件中的JDK路径 

export JAVA_HOME="/opt/modules/jdk1.7.0_67"
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  5、 配置hdfs-site.xml 
   

<configuration> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>dfs.nameservicesname> 

    <value>ns1value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>dfs.ha.namenodes.ns1name> 

    <value>nn1,nn2value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1.nn1name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:8020value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1.nn2name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:8020value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1.nn1name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:50070value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1.nn2name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:50070value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dirname> 

    <value>qjournal://bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:8485;bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:8485;bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:8485/ns1value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dirname> 

    <value>/opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/tmp/data/dfs/jnvalue> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.ns1name> 

    <value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvidervalue> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>dfs.ha.fencing.methodsname> 

    <value>sshfencevalue> 

  property> 

  <property> 

    <name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-filesname> 

    <value>/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsavalue> 

  property> 

configuration> 


   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  6、 配置core-site.xml 
   

<configuration> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>fs.defaultFSname> 

    <value>hdfs://ns1value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>hadoop.tmp.dirname> 

    <value>/opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/data/tmpvalue> 

  property> 

configuration> 


   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  hadoop.tmp.dir设置hadoop临时目录地址，默认时，NameNode和DataNode的数据存在这个路径下。 
  7、 配置slaves文件 
  bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com 

bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com 

bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  8、 分发到其他节点 
  分发之前先将share/doc目录删除，这个目录中是帮助文件，并且很大，可以删除。 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp -r /opt/modules/hadoopha bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp -r /opt/modules/hadoopha bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">9、 启动HDFS HA集群
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">三台机器分别启动Journalnode。
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start journalnode"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">3
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">jps命令查看是否启动。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">10、 启动Zookeeper
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在三台节点上启动Zookeeper：
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 zookeeper-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3.4"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.8]$ bin/zkServer.sh start 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ bin/zkServer.sh start 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ bin/zkServer.sh start"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">3
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">11、 格式化NameNode
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在第一台上进行NameNode格式化：
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ bin/hdfs namenode -format
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  在第二台NameNode上： 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">12、 启动NameNode
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在第一台、第二台上启动NameNode：
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">查看HDFS Web页面，此时两个NameNode都是standby状态。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">切换第一台为active状态：
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ bin/hdfs haadmin -transitionToActive nn1
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  可以添加上forcemanual参数，强制将一个NameNode转换为Active状态。 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs haadmin –transitionToActive -forcemanual nn1"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">此时从web 页面就看到第一台已经是active状态了。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/14fd6830-5cbf-11e7-b8ee-cfb7eda16afc" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">13、 配置故障自动转移
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">利用zookeeper集群实现故障自动转移，在配置故障自动转移之前，要先关闭集群，不能在HDFS运行期间进行配置。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"box-sizing: border-box;">关闭NameNode、DataNode、JournalNode、zookeeper
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop namenode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop journalnode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ cd ../../zookeeper-3.4.8/ 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ bin/zkServer.sh stop 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop namenode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode 

[hadoop@bigdata- senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop journalnode 

[hadoop@bigdata- senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ cd ../../zookeeper-3.4.8/ 

[hadoop@bigdata- senior02 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ bin/zkServer.sh stop 

[hadoop@bigdata- senior03 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop datanode 

[hadoop@bigdata- senior03 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh stop journalnode 

[hadoop@bigdata- senior03 hadoop-2.5.0]$ cd ../../zookeeper-3.4.8/ 

[hadoop@bigdata- senior03 zookeeper-3.4.8]$ bin/zkServer.sh stop
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  修改hdfs-site.xml 
  <property> 

    <name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabledname> 

    <value>truevalue> 

property>
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  修改core-site.xml 
  <property> 

   <name>ha.zookeeper.quorumname> 

   <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:2181,bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:2181,bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:2181value> 

property>
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  将hdfs-site.xml和core-site.xml分发到其他机器 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp /opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/etc/hadoop/ 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp /opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/etc/hadoop/ 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp /opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/etc/hadoop/ 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp /opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0/etc/hadoop/"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">3
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">4
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"box-sizing: border-box;">启动zookeeper
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">三台机器启动zookeeper
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ /opt/modules/zookeeper-3.4.8/bin/zkServer.sh start
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
    1
   
   
   
    
  创建一个zNode 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ cd /opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/ 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs zkfc -formatZK"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/26b6e9c0-5cbf-11e7-86d9-f17e4b747fa0" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在Zookeeper上创建一个存储namenode相关的节点。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">14、 启动HDFS、JournalNode、zkfc
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">启动NameNode、DataNode、JournalNode、zkfc
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  zkfc只针对NameNode监听。 
  四十二、测试HDFS HA 
  1、 测试故障自动转移和数据是否共享 
  在nn1上上传文件 
  目前bigdata-senior01节点上的NameNode是Active状态的。 
   
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -put /opt/data/wc.input /"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/3f42f0b0-5cbf-11e7-b8ee-cfb7eda16afc" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"box-sizing: border-box;">将nn1上的NodeNode进程杀掉
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ kill -9 3364
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
    1
   
   
   
    
  nn1上的namenode已经无法访问了。 
  查看nn2是否是Active状态 
   
  在nn2上查看是否看见文件 
   
  经以上验证，已经实现了nn1和nn2之间的文件同步和故障自动转移。 
  第十二步、Hadoop 2.x YARN HA 部署 
  四十三、YARN HA原理 
  Hadoop2.4版本之前，ResourceManager也存在单点故障的问题，也需要实现HA来保证ResourceManger的高可也用性。 
  ResouceManager从记录着当前集群的资源分配情况和JOB的运行状态，YRAN HA 利用Zookeeper等共享存储介质来存储这些信息来达到高可用。另外利用Zookeeper来实现ResourceManager自动故障转移。 
   
   
   MasterHADaemon：控制RM的 Master的启动和停止，和RM运行在一个进程中，可以接收外部RPC命令。 
   共享存储：Active Master将信息写入共享存储，Standby Master读取共享存储信息以保持和Active Master同步。 
   ZKFailoverController：基于Zookeeper实现的切换控制器，由ActiveStandbyElector和HealthMonitor组成，ActiveStandbyElector负责与Zookeeper交互，判断所管理的Master是进入Active还是Standby；HealthMonitor负责监控Master的活动健康情况，是个监视器。 
   Zookeeper：核心功能是维护一把全局锁控制整个集群上只有一个Active的ResourceManager。 
   
  四十四、搭建YARN HA环境 
  1、 服务器角色规划 
   
    
     
     bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com 
     bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com 
     bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com 
     
    
    
     
     NameNode 
     NameNode 
       
     
     
     Zookeeper 
     Zookeeper 
     Zookeeper 
     
     
     DataNode 
     DataNode 
     DataNode 
     
     
       
     ResourceManage 
     ResourceManage 
     
     
     NodeManager 
     NodeManager 
     NodeManager 
     
    
   
  2、 修改配置文件yarn-site.xml 
   

<configuration> 

  <property> 

    <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-servicesname> 

    <value>mapreduce_shufflevalue> 

  property> 

  <property> 

    <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enablename> 

    <value>truevalue> 

  property> 

  <property> 

    <name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-secondsname> 

    <value>106800value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.enabledname> 

    <value>truevalue> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.cluster-idname> 

    <value>yarn-clustervalue> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.ha.rm-idsname> 

    <value>rm12,rm13value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm12name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.comvalue> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname.rm13name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.comvalue> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.zk-addressname> 

    <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:2181,bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:2181,bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:2181value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.recovery.enabledname> 

    <value>truevalue> 

  property> 

  <property> 

     

    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.store.classname> 

    <value>org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.recovery.ZKRMStateStorevalue> 

  property> 

configuration> 


   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  3、 分发到其他机器 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp /opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/etc/hadoop/ 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp /opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0/etc/hadoop/\"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">4、 启动
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在bigdata-senior01上启动yarn：
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ sbin/start-yarn.sh
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  在bigdata-senior02、bigdata-senior03上启动resourcemanager： 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/yarn-daemon.sh start resourcemanager"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">启动后各个节点的进程。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/a5661890-5cbf-11e7-8185-21ba04c77532" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/a9db9b20-5cbf-11e7-8ca5-edc6aa6f5290" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/ae2049b0-5cbf-11e7-86d9-f17e4b747fa0" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">Web客户端访问bigdata02机器上的resourcemanager正常，它是active状态的。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"_blank" href="http://bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:8088/cluster" style="color: rgb(79, 161, 219); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: border-box;">http://bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:8088/cluster
访问另外一个resourcemanager，因为他是standby,会自动跳转到active的resourcemanager。
http://bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:8088/cluster
四十五、测试YARN HA
5、 运行一个mapreduce job
[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/yarn jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.5.0.jar wordcount /wc.input /input
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  6、 在job运行过程中，将Active状态的resourcemanager进程杀掉。 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ kill -"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9 "hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4475"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">7、 观察另外一个resourcemanager是否可以自动接替。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">bigdata02的resourcemanage Web客户端已经不能访问，bigdata03的resourcemanage已经自动变为active状态。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">8、 观察job是否可以顺利完成。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">而mapreduce job 也能顺利完成，没有因为resourcemanager的意外故障而影响运行。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">经过以上测试，已经验证YARN HA 已经搭建成功。
"第十三步hdfs-federation-架构部署" style="margin: 0.8em 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-weight: 300; line-height: 1.1; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-size: 1.25em;">"_blank" name="t23" style="color: rgb(79, 161, 219); box-sizing: border-box;">第十三步、HDFS Federation 架构部署
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">四十六、HDFS Federation 的使用原因
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">1、 单个NameNode节点的局限性
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">命名空间的限制。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">NameNode上存储着整个HDFS上的文件的元数据，NameNode是部署在一台机器上的，因为单个机器硬件的限制，必然会限制NameNode所能管理的文件个数，制约了数据量的增长。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">数据隔离问题。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">整个HDFS上的文件都由一个NameNode管理，所以一个程序很有可能会影响到整个HDFS上的程序，并且权限控制比较复杂。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">性能瓶颈。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">单个NameNode时HDFS文件系统的吞吐量受限于单个NameNode的吞吐量。因为NameNode是个JVM进程，JVM进程所占用的内存很大时，性能会下降很多。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">2、 HDFS Federation介绍
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">HDFS Federation是可以在Hadoop集群中设置多个NameNode，不同于HA中多个NameNode是完全一样的，是多个备份，Federation中的多个NameNode是不同的，可以理解为将一个NameNode切分为了多个NameNode，每一个NameNode只负责管理一部分数据。 
"box-sizing: border-box;">HDFS Federation中的多个NameNode共用DataNode。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">四十七、HDFS Federation的架构图
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/cbde6c70-5cbf-11e7-8185-21ba04c77532" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">四十八、HDFS Federation搭建
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">1、 服务器角色规划
"box-sizing: border-box; width: 945.778px; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"box-sizing: border-box;">"box-sizing: border-box;">"box-sizing: border-box;">"box-sizing: border-box;">"box-sizing: border-box;">"box-sizing: border-box;">"box-sizing: border-box;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">"box-sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com "box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">"box-sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com "box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">"box-sizing: border-box;">bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NameNode1 "box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NameNode2 "box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NameNode3
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">  "box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">ResourceManage "box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);"> 
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode "box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode "box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">DataNode
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager "box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager "box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238);">NodeManager
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">2、 创建HDFS Federation 版本Hadoop程序目录
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在bigdata01上创建目录/opt/modules/hadoopfederation /用来存放Hadoop Federation环境。
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 modules]$ mkdir /opt/modules/hadoopfederation
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  3、 新解压Hadoop 2.5.0 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 ~]$ tar -zxf /opt/sofeware/hadoop-2.5.0.tar.gz -C /opt/modules/hadoopfederation/
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  4、 配置Hadoop JDK路径 
  修改hadoop-env.sh、mapred-env.sh、yarn-env.sh文件中的JDK路径。 
  export JAVA_HOME=”/opt/modules/jdk1.7.0_67” 
  5、 配置hdfs-site.xml 
  <configuration> 

<property> 

<!—配置三台NameNode --> 

    <name>dfs.nameservicesname> 

    <value>ns1,ns2,ns3value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

<!—第一台NameNode的机器名和rpc端口，指定了NameNode和DataNode通讯用的端口号 --> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns1name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:8020value> 

  property> 

   <property> 

<!—第一台NameNode的机器名和rpc端口，备用端口号 --> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.serviceerpc-address.ns1name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:8022value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

<!—第一台NameNode的http页面地址和端口号 --> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns1name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:50070value> 

  property> 

<property> 

<!—第一台NameNode的https页面地址和端口号 --> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.https-address.ns1name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:50470value> 

  property>

<property> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns2name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:8020value> 

  property> 

   <property> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.serviceerpc-address.ns2name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:8022value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns2name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:50070value> 

  property> 

    <property> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.https-address.ns2name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:50470value> 

  property>

<property> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.ns3name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:8020value> 

  property> 

   <property> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.serviceerpc-address.ns3name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:8022value> 

  property> 

  <property> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.http-address.ns3name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:50070value> 

  property> 

    <property> 

    <name>dfs.namenode.https-address.ns3name> 

    <value>bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:50470value> 

  property>

configuration>
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  6、 配置core-site.xml 
  <configuration> 

<property> 

    <name>hadoop.tmp.dirname> 

    <value>/opt/modules/hadoopha/hadoop-2.5.0/data/tmpvalue> 

property> 

configuration>
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  hadoop.tmp.dir设置hadoop临时目录地址，默认时，NameNode和DataNode的数据存在这个路径下。 
  7、 配置slaves文件 
  bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com 

bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com 

bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  8、 配置yarn-site.xml 
  <configuration> 

<property> 

    <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-servicesname> 

    <value>mapreduce_shufflevalue> 

 property> 

 <property> 

    <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostnamename> 

    <value>bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.comvalue> 

 property> 

 <property> 

    <name>yarn.log-aggregation-enablename> 

    <value>truevalue> 

 property> 

 <property> 

    <name>yarn.log-aggregation.retain-secondsname> 

    <value>106800value> 

 property> 

configuration>
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  9、 分发到其他节点 
  分发之前先将share/doc目录删除，这个目录中是帮助文件，并且很大，可以删除。 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp -r /opt/modules/ /opt/modules/hadoopfederation bigdata-senior02.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ scp -r /opt/modules/hadoopfederation bigdata-senior03.chybinmy.com:/opt/modules"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">10、 格式化NameNode
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在第一台上进行NameNode格式化。
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ bin/hdfs namenode -format -clusterId hadoop-federation-clusterId
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
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  这里一定要指定一个集群ID，使得多个NameNode的集群ID是一样的，因为这三个NameNode在同一个集群中，这里集群ID为hadoop-federation-clusterId。 
  在第二台NameNode上。 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs namenode -format -clusterId hadoop-federation-clusterId"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在第二台NameNode上。
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior03 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ bin/hdfs namenode -format -clusterId hadoop-federation-clusterId
   
   
   
   
    
    
    
    1
   
   
   
    
  11、 启动NameNode 
  在第一台、第二台、第三台机器上启动NameNode： 
  [hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start namenode"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">3
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">启动后，用jps命令查看是否已经启动成功。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">查看HDFS Web页面，此时三个NameNode都是standby状态。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/dd3582b0-5cbf-11e7-8185-21ba04c77532" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/e55b6310-5cbf-11e7-86d9-f17e4b747fa0" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">"http://images.gitbook.cn/ed9121f0-5cbf-11e7-8185-21ba04c77532" alt="enter image description here" title="" style="border: none; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;">
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">12、 启动DataNode
"prettyprint" name="code" style="white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: break-word; box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; overflow-y: hidden; overflow-x: auto; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace; padding: 5px 5px 5px 60px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; word-break: break-all; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05); border: 0px solid rgb(136, 136, 136); border-radius: 0px;">"language-java hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal;">[hadoop"hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2.5"hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior02 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior03 hadoop-2.5.0]$ sbin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode"pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;">"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">1
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">2
"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px; list-style: none; margin-left: 0px;">3
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">启动后，用jps命令确认DataNode进程已经启动成功。
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">四十九、测试HDFS Federation
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">1、 修改core-site.xml
"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">在bigdata-senior01机器上,修改core-site.xml文件，指定连接的NameNode是第一台NameNode。"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); font-family: "microsoft yahei"; font-size: 15px;">[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ vim etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
<configuration> 

  <property> 

     <name>fs.defaultFSname> 

     <value>hdfs://bigdata-senior01.chybinmy.com:8020value> 

  property> 

<property> 

    <name>hadoop.tmp.dirname> 

    <value>/opt/modules/hadoopfederation/hadoop-2.5.0/data/tmpvalue> 

property> 

configuration>
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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2、 在bigdate-senior01上传一个文件到HDFS
[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /tmp 

[hadoop@bigdata-senior01 hadoop-2.5.0]$ bin/hdfs dfs -put ~/shuffle_daily.sh /tmp/shuffle_daily.sh
    
    
    
    
     
     
     
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3、 查看HDFS文件
可以看到，刚才的文件只上传到了bigdate-senior01机器上的NameNode上了，并没有上传到其他的NameNode上去。
这样，在HDFS的客户端，可以指定要上传到哪个NameNode上，从而来达到了划分NameNode的目的。
后记
这篇文章的操作步骤并不是工作中标准的操作流程，如果在成百上千的机器全部这样安装会被累死，希望读者可以通过文章中一步步地安装，从而初步了解到Hadoop的组成部分，协助过程等，这对于Hadoop的深入使用有很大的帮助。

Hadoop搭建部署

前言

第一部分：Linux环境安装

第二部分：Hadoop本地模式安装

第三部分：Hadoop伪分布式模式安装

第四部分：完全分布式安装

第五部分：Hadoop HA安装

第一部分：Linux环境安装

第一步、配置Vmware NAT网络

第二步、安装Linux操作系统

SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:

targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

mls - Multi Level Security protection.

第三步、安装JDK

第二部分：Hadoop本地模式安装

第四步、Hadoop部署模式

第五步、本地模式部署

第三部分：Hadoop伪分布式模式安装

第六步、伪分布式Hadoop部署过程

十七、配置、启动YARN

第七步、开启历史服务

第五部分：Hadoop HA安装

server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

第十步、Zookeeper分布式机器部署

第十二步、Hadoop 2.x YARN HA 部署

后记

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