由上图可知,语法角度:子类可以重写onMeasure,只能继承View的measure,setMeasuredDimension方法。测量流程分为两种情况讨论:容器控件ViewGroup,原始的View(非容器控件)。原始的View测量,只需要测量自己的宽高;而容器控件需要先测量所有的子View的宽高,然后再测量自己的宽高。
看懂本篇文章,还需要大家自己先去研究下类View$MeasureSpec,相对比较简单,本文不描述MeasureSpec相关知识。
二,源码分析之View
先分析原始的View,打开View.java文件,查看measure方法:
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int oWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int oHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec, optical ? -oWidth : oWidth);
heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
}
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ||
widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {
// first clears the measured dimension flag
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();
// measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
// flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
// an exception to warn the developer
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
+ " measured dimension by calling"
+ " setMeasuredDimension()");
}
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
}
mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
}
调用view.measure(w,h)来测量控件宽高,那么这个方法是何时调用的呢?在该view的父控件测量自己宽高时调用。因为该view所在父容器在测量自己宽高时,会先测量子view的宽高,最终都会调用child.measure(w,h),最后才测量自己的宽高。后面分析容器控件的测量流程时,会一目了然。
主要分析measure(w,h)的两个关键点:
一,字段mPrivateFlags
1.1 字段mPrivateFlags在调用onMeasure(w,h)前,执行mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET,设置
成员变量mPrivateFlags的MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET位设置为0;
1.2 在onMeasure(w,h)执行完成后,判断if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET)决定是否抛出IllegalStateException异常;
二,实际测量方法onMeasure(w,h),
进入该方法查看源码:
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
进入setMeasuredDimension(w,h)查看源码:
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int opticalWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int opticalHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
measuredWidth += optical ? opticalWidth : -opticalWidth;
measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
}
mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
}
setMeasuredDimension(w,h)是真正完成给view测量宽高,至于参数measuredWidth,measuredHeight是如何计算得来,下面会有分析。小结:测
量一个view实际上是给字段mMeasuredWidth,mMeasuredHeight设置值,最后执行mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET,将字段
mPrivateFlags的EASURED_DIMENSION_SET位设置为1。
mPrivateFlags更像是一个标志位,在onMeasure测量前设置一个值,在onMeasure执行的最后设置一个值,测量完成后判断mPrivateFlags的值。若前面没有执行setMeasuredDimension(w,h)完成测量,那么mPrivateFlags值则不会重新设置,判断mPrivateFlags时会执行if语句中内容,抛出IllegalStateException异常。继续分析前面提到:参数measuredWidth,measuredHeight是如何计算得来?只分析宽度(高度计算方式类似),分析这样一段代码:getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(),widthMeasureSpec),于是进入方法getDefaultSize查看源码:
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}
第二个参数measureSpec是父容器调用child.measure(w,h)传入的参数,
measureSpec取决于父容器的measureSpec(爷爷容器给的建议值)和自身布局参数LayoutParams(eg:控件宽高,外边距,内边距等),后面会具体分析。这里只需要记住,measureSpec是父容器测量子View时给的建议值。这个建议值measureSpec配合第一个参数size,决定view的最终宽度,也就是getDefaultSize方法返回值。那么size是什么东西呢?查看getSuggestedMinimumWidth()源码:
protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
}
mMinWidth的值取决于view的布局参数android:minWidth="",如果没有设置,则default为0;mBackground.getMinimumWidth()返回该view的背景图片需要最小宽度值。如果没有背景图片,则返回
mMinWidth,否则max(mMinWidth,mBackground.getMinimumWidth()取较大值。也就是说参数size:要么取布局参数中最小宽度(还可能为0),要么取背景图片所需最小宽度。
继续回到getDefaultSize方法来分析宽度(高度计算方式类似),
取出父控件给的建议值的测量大小specSize,测量模式specMode。
判断specMode,1,如果是模式AT_MOST / EXACTLY,返回specSize;2,如果specMode是UNSPECIFIED,则父容器不对子view做任何限制,返回size。(UNSPECIFIED这种测量模式一般不做分析,不用管它)
注意
,specMode是EXACTLY,说明父控件已经知道子view需要的精确值,那么直接使用specSize容易理解;那specMode是AT_MOST时,说明父控件给的建议值是一个子view可以使用的最大值(<=specSize),为什么直接返回specSize呢?这里肯定需要修改,因为测量模式为EXACTLY,说明子view宽度:要么是match_parent,要么是具体的值(100dp)。测量模式为AT_MOST,说明子View宽度:只可能是wrap_content。在使用这个自定义的view时,不能让match_parent和wrap_content的体现的效果一样。
于是可以得出结论:在extends View的自定义控件中,需要重写onMeasure(w,h),并单独判断MeasureSpec.getMode(w)为
AT_MOST时,返回一个宽度值(具体逻辑按需求来吧),高度同理!查看TextView源码,onMeasure方法有对specMode为AT_MOST进行处理。
原始的View(非容器控件)的测量,代码流程图大致如下,保存该图片到本地可以清晰展示信息哦!
三,源码分析之容器控件
接下来分析
容器控件
测量流程,前面说到容器控件(继承ViewGroup)的测量过程:先测量所有子view,然后再测量容器控件本身。每种容器控件测量的细节不尽相同,但都遵循上面的方式。阅读LinearLayout源码时,发现里面if条件判断极为恶心,于是本篇以FrameLayout为例子分析容器控件的测量流程。首先贴上涉及的类,方法结构图如下,可以看完后面分析回过头来看此图。
查看FrameLayout源码,分析容器控件的测量过程:
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int count = getChildCount();
// ...code
int maxHeight = 0;
int maxWidth = 0;
int childState = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getChildAt(i);
if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
}
}
}
}
// Account for padding too
maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();
maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();
// Check against our minimum height and width
maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());
// Check against our foreground's minimum height and width
final Drawable drawable = getForeground();
if (drawable != null) {
maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());
}
setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,
childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));
}
执行for循环遍历一个存储子View的对象数组,调用measureChildWithMargins方法,首先测量子View,该方法是从父类ViewGroup继承过来。然后调用setMeasuredDimension方法测量容器控件自己的宽高,该方法从爷爷类View继承过来。先来分析
measureChildWithMargins,查看源码:
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
+ widthUsed, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
+ heightUsed, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
参数child-->子View;参数parentWidthMeasureSpec,parentHeightMeasureSpec--容器控件的MeasureSpec;参数widthUsed,heightUsed-->容器控件中已被使用的宽/高的数值,这里为0。
执行getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,mPaddingLeft+mPaddingRight+ lp.leftMargin +lp.rightMargin+widthUsed, lp.width)获取子View的宽度测量建议值,这个值最终要传入到child.measure(w,h)中,开始测量子View。 从该方法参数可知:测量时,子View的MeasureSpec值由两部分组成:(
parentWidthMeasureSpec-->父控件的MeasureSpec),以及子View本身的布局参数LayoutParams决定的。 其中LayoutParams中,涉及子view的宽高值,外边距margin。至于mPaddingLeft 是指FrameLayout与其内容之间的距离,字段继承于类View。
接下来分析如何合成子View的MeasureSpec,上面已经得出结论,这里从代码角度具体分析,查看getChildMeasureSpec的源码:
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
resultSize = 0;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = 0;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
}
break;
}
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
参数spec是FrameLayout的MeasureSpec,就是子view的爷爷给爸爸的测量建议值;参数padding是子View的外边距margin与FrameLayout的padding相加;参数childDimession是子view的宽/高值,由lp.width/lp.height得到。
当爸爸FrameLayout的测量模式specMode为EXACTLY时,里面还要分三种情况讨论:
1,当
childDimension >= 0(
android:layout_width="50dp"
),resultSize为50dp,resultMode为精确EXACTLY;
2,当
childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT时,由于父容器specMode是精确的,子view又填充所有空间,那么resultSize大小就为
size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding),有具体数值,属于精确模式Exactly;
3,当
childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT时,子view要小于等于size,于是大小为size,模式为AT_MOST。
爸爸FrameLayout的测量模式为
AT_MOST,UNSPECIFIED的情况,就不再具体分析
了。最后,使用MeasureSpec合并resultSize,resultMode。
至于,child.measure(w,h)的继续分析,无非就是两种情况:child如果是容器控件,则继续重复上面的测量流程;如果child是一个原始的view,那就是进入文章前半部分的测量流程。
容器控件测量自己,调用方法setMeasuredDimension,由方法resolveSizeAndState的返回值,得到测量的宽高大小(不包含测量模式specMode)。这里不再分析resolveSizeAndState方法,跟原始的view在测量时的getDefaultSize方法很类似,前面已经分析了getDefaultSize方法。
注
:子view的测量后宽高,影响到了容器控件测量自己,这也是为什么要先测量所有子view,然后才测量容器控件自己。
下面展示了代码走向流程图:
这里,原始的view(非容器控件)与容器控件的测量流程分析完毕了。