一、环境准备
安装包:
1.VMware-workstation-full-11.1.0-2496824.exe
2.CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso
3.linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
以上觉得不是重点,不给下载地址,不描述安装过程,安装完CentOS 7,截图如下:
第一次安装防坑,没有进行任何操作之前,先在VMware中创建该虚拟机快照,后期搞郁闷了,可以回归到该快照版本。特么还是不放心,又把该虚拟机完整克隆一份(强迫症)。
二、安装Oracle前准备
1.创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组
[sonny@localhost~]$ su root #切换到root
Password:
[root@localhostsonny]# groupadd oinstall #创建用户组oinstall
[root@localhostsonny]# groupadd dba #创建用户组dba
[root@localhostsonny]# useradd -g oinstall -gdba -m oracle #创建oracle用户,并加入到oinstall和dba用户组
[root@localhostsonny]# passwd oracle #设置用户oracle的登陆密码,不设置密码,在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆
Changing password for user oracle.
New password: # 密码
BAD PASSWORD: Thepassword is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: #确认密码
passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.
[root@localhostsonny]# id oracle# 查看新建的oracle用户
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba)groups=1002(dba)
[root@localhost sonny]#
为啥要创建oinstall用户组及dba组?参考:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/hunter-rac11gr2-iscsi-2-092412-zhs.html#13
理论上单例按照需要3种用户组,实际只建两个oinstall和dba,后面再安装oracle数据库的时候把OSOPER组也设置是dba组。
a.oracle 清单组(一般为oinstall):
OINSTALL 组的成员被视为 Oracle 软件的“所有者”,拥有对 Oracle 中央清单 (oraInventory) 的写入权限。在一个 Linux 系统上首次安装 Oracle 软件时,
OUI 会创建/etc/oraInst.loc 文件。该文件指定 Oracle 清单组的名称(默认为 oinstall)以及 Oracle 中央清单目录的路径。
b.数据库管理员(OSDBA,一般为dba):
OSDBA 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。该组的成员可执行关键的数据库管理任务,如创建数据库、启动和关
闭实例。该组的默认名称为dba。SYSDBA 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。不要混淆 SYSDBA
系统权限与数据库角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或SYSOPER 系统权限。
c.数据库操作员组(OSOPER,一般为 oper):
OSOPER 组的成员可通过操作系统身份验证使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份连接到一个 Oracle 实例。这个可选组的成员拥有一组有限的数据库管理权限,如管理和运行备份。
该组的默认名称为oper。SYSOPER 系统权限甚至在数据库未打开时也允许访问数据库实例。对此权限的控制完全超出了数据库本身的范围。要使用该组,选择 Advanced 安装类型来安装 Oracle 数据库软件。
2.创建oracle数据库安装目录
[sonny@localhost~]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhostsonny]# mkdir -p /data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
[root@localhostsonny]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录
[root@localhostsonny]# mkdir -p /data/database #oracle数据库软件包解压目录
[root@localhostsonny]# cd /data
[root@localhostdata]# ls#创建完毕检查一下(强迫症)
database oracle oraInventory
[root@localhostdata]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle #设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
[root@localhostdata]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhostdata]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
[root@localhostdata]#
3.修改OS系统标识
oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装,Oracle Database11g Release 2的 OS要求参考: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106
我安装是64位数据库,On Linux x86-64:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (RHEL 7)
另外,CentOS7.0.1511基于 RHEL7.2 参考:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/126283.htm
修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release
[sonny@localhostdata]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhostdata]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64([email protected]) (gcc version 4.8.320140911 (Red Hat4.8.3-9) (GCC) ) #1 SMPThu Nov 1922:10:57 UTC 2015
[root@localhostdata]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
[root@localhostdata]# vi /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhostdata]# cat /etc/redhat-release
redhat-7
[root@localhostdata]#
4.安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包
重复一遍,我安装时Oracle Database 11g Release 2 64位数据库。
Oracle DatabasePackage Requirements for Linux x86-64如下:(参考:https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG)
yuminstall binutils* compat-libcap1* gcc* gcc-c* glibc* glibc-devel* libaio*libaio-devel* libgcc* libstdc++* libstdc++-devel* libXi* libXtst* make*sysstat* -y
提示yum进程被占用错误执行:
rm–f /var/run/yum.pid
export DISPLAY=192.168.1.234:0.0 输出屏幕
操作系统:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux7
The followingpackages (or later versions) must be installed:
注意:i686包需要手动单独安装 命令和之前一样!!即居中的包
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-196.el7.i686
glibc-2.17-196.el7.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-196.el7.i686
glibc-devel-2.17-196.el7.x86_64
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.5-16.el7.i686
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.5-16.el7.i686
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-16.el7.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.i686
libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.3-1.el7.i686
libXtst-1.2.3-1.el7.x86_64
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
[sonny@localhost data]$su root
Password:
[root@localhostdata]# yuminstall XXXXXXX* -y
5.关闭防火墙 CentOS 7.2默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙
[sonny@localhost/]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #查看防火墙状态,运行中
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active:active (running) since Thu2016-04-0718:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
Main PID: 802(firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─802/usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
Apr 0718:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Startingfirewalld - dynamic firewalldaemon...
Apr 0718:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Startedfirewalld - dynamic firewalldaemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #再次查看防火墙状态,发现已关闭
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Thu2016-04-0721:15:34 PDT; 9s ago
Main PID: 802(code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Apr 0718:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Startingfirewalld - dynamic firewalldaemon...
Apr 0718:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Startedfirewalld - dynamic firewalldaemon.
Apr 0721:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 0721:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止使用防火墙(重启也是禁止的)
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost /]#
防火墙先禁用,搞好之后再配置,个人虚拟机,要毛线防火墙~~
6.关闭selinux(需重启生效)
[root@localhost /]#vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing -SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive -SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - NoSELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled #此处修改为disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted -Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum -Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - MultiLevel Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@localhost /]#
为啥要关闭selinux?因为selinux太高深,非专业人士搞不懂~~
7.修改内核参数
红色部分为添加代码
[sonny@localhost/]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# vi/etc/sysctl.conf
[root@localhost /]# cat/etc/sysct.conf
cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No suchfile or directory
[root@localhost /]# cat/etc/sysctl.conf
# System defaultsettings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override thosesettings, enter new settings here, orin an /etc/sysctl.d/
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts= 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter= 1
fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152#共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmmax =2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 250 32000100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.core.rmem_default =262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
[root@localhost /]#
使配置参数生效
[root@localhost /]#sysctl -p
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument
fs.file-max =6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 25032000100128
sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=900065500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.core.rmem_default= 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@localhost /]#
8.对oracle用户设置限制,提高软件运行性能(红色为添加部分)
[sonny@localhost/]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# vi/etc/security/limits.conf
[root@localhost /]# cat/etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limitsfor the users loggedin viaPAM.
#It does not affectresource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note thatconfiguration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are readin alphabetical order, override the settingsin this
#fileincase the domain is the same ormore specific.
#That means for example that setting a limitfor wildcard domain here
#can be overridenwith a wildcard setting in a config filein the
#subdirectory, but auser specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specificsetting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describesa limit for a user in theform:
#
#
#
#Where:
#
# - auser name
# - agroup name, with @group syntax
# - the wildcard *,fordefault entry
# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
# formaxlogin limit
#
#
# - "soft"for enforcing the soft limits
# - "hard"for enforcing hard limits
#
#
# - core - limits the corefile size(KB)
# - data - maxdata size (KB)
# - fsize -maximum filesize (KB)
# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
# - nofile - max number of openfiledescriptors
# - rss - maxresident set size (KB)
# - stack - maxstack size (KB)
# - cpu - max CPUtime (MIN)
# - nproc - maxnumber of processes
# - as -address space limit (KB)
# - maxlogins - max number of loginsfor this user
# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
# - priority - the priority to run user process with
# - locks - max number offile locksthe user can hold
# - sigpending - max number of pending signals
# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
# - nice - maxnicepriority allowed to raise to values: [-20,19]
# - rtprio - maxrealtime priority
#
#
#
#* soft core 0
#* hard rss 10000
#@student hard nproc 20
#@faculty soft nproc 20
#@faculty hard nproc 50
#ftp hard nproc 0
#@student - maxlogins 4
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile65536
# End of file
[root@localhost /]#
9.配置用户的环境变量(红色部分为添加代码)
[root@localhost /]#vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[root@localhost /]# cat/home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases andfunctions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ];then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specificenvironment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle#oracle数据库安装目录
exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle数据库路径
export ORACLE_SID=orcl#oracle启动数据库实例名
exportORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安装
exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib#添加系统环境变量
export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码
exportNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #设置Oracle客户端字符集,必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致,如:ZHS16GBK,否则出现数据导入导出中文乱码问题
给root下/etc/profile配置oraclebase和oraclehome可以使用OCI访问数据库
[root@localhost /]#
使上述配置立即生效:
[oracle@localhost/]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost /]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
[root@localhost /]#
10.上述都搞定了,上传安装包我喜欢xftp,将oracle安装包上传到/usr/local/src
11.解压安装包
[oracle@localhost/]$ cd /usr/local/src #进入/usr/local/src目录
[oracle@localhostsrc]$ ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@localhostsrc]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/#解压
(省略...)
[oracle@localhostsrc]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/#解压
(省略...)
[oracle@localhostsrc]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost src]#chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/
[root@localhost src]#
三、oracle安装
1.图形界面登陆oracle用户:
2.启动oralce安装,到/data/database/database/目录下,执行runInstaller
不要执行runInstaller,这个命令实在是太特么的垃圾了。
在runInstaller后加 –jreLoc/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0
./runInstaller –jreLoc/usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.8.0
3.去掉勾,懒得填,个人使用环境不需要自动接收Oracle的安全更新。
4.下一步,只安装数据库软件,个人用不要那些玩意~~
5.选择单例安装,前面的所有配置均为单例安装。
6.添加语言
7.默认安装版本企业版-Enterprise Edition --图没了。
8.确定数据软件的安装路径,自动读取前面Oracle环境变量中配置的值。
9.理论上要创建Database Operation(OSOPER)Group:oper ,个人用,懒得建,就使用dba用户组
10.安装检查,按照提示信息一个一个解决。
swap空间不足解决:(要求2.67G实际2G)
[root@localhost oracle]#free -m #查看当前虚拟内存
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1824 1369 93 10 361 250
Swap: 2048 20 2028
[root@localhost oracle]# ddif=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1024000#将当前swap空间由2048M 增加到 3048M 新增一个2014的swap文件
1024000+0 recordsin
1024000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied,29.4051 s, 35.7 MB/s
[root@localhost oracle]# mkswap /home/swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1023996 KiB
no label, UUID=5e3d39d7-285e-4c74-b321-1e2b3ffabf83
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1824 1275 95 10 454 342
Swap: 2048 141 1907
[root@localhost oracle]# swapon /home/swap #增加并启用虚拟内容
swapon: /home/swap: insecure permissions0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m #再次查看
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1824 1275 94 10 454 342
Swap: 3048 141 2907
11.一个一个检查package,在准备阶段中漏掉的,此处再安装,有些系统报错是因为现有的包的版本比检测要高,最后忽略即可。(点击Check_Again多检查几次)
12.准备完毕,fuck “Finish”开始安装。