Ubuntu16.04显卡驱动 电源管理

2018年5月21更新

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对于交火显卡，什么是交火显卡，即lspci 出来的有3D nvidia xxx字样，那就是交火显卡，这类显卡用于Linux 是不恰当的。双显驱动太坑，对于此类显卡最稳的办法是在bios 里屏蔽独显，假定bios 提供了这个选项。其次，受黑苹果启发，用四叶草替换grub 配置dsdt 以屏蔽独显，此发略微复杂。假如一定要用独显，唯一可行的就是大黄蜂，大黄蜂才能真正停用独显，彻底改善续航。

结束

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硬件

CPU:6700HQ (skylake)

GPU:GTX960m Intel HD530

硬盘：ssd+机械

内存：8G单条

安装Ubuntu16.04

安装方式：光盘镜像USB安装 过程略（教程比比皆是）

遇到的问题：

1.显卡驱动

表现：1.卡在开机紫屏  2.不能关机 不能休眠3.异常的分辨率4文本模式卡死

解决方式：开机时grub添加nomodeset，添加在哪，还请问度娘。其目的为屏蔽掉显示驱动程序。开机后从附加驱动中添加专用驱动必须包括，n卡的专用驱动。Intel微代码为可选（我添加了），等待安装完成，之后重启。重启后应该可以正常开机且不会卡在紫色屏幕。此时使用的是n卡，详见应用nvidia Xserver settings应用。打开nvidia Xserver settings，找到prime profiles切换到核显，对于笔记本而言功耗时非常重要的，注销后切换生效。此刻遇到关键问题，关机卡死。这是不是n卡的锅，而是内核的锅。如果使用Ctrl+ ALT+F1等切换文本，屏幕会冒出^@，按大写字母锁定键会产生奇迹。这都是内核的锅。强制关机后重启，grub菜单选择Ubuntu高级选项，使用4.4内核启动。启动后完美， 卸载其他多余内核，或更改首选内核（具体问度娘）。至此显卡问题结束。

带来的问题：蓝牙连接手机后，不能使用手机控制音乐音量（电脑当音响用）

2.功耗

表现：硬盘不休息，风扇狂转

解决方式：安装tlp，建议使用其他ppa安装，版本最新版0(截止2018年2月，最新版为1.1.1）。默认的tlp能有效的降低功耗，在此奉上我的tlp配置。注意，不同的硬件需要个性化修改。英文说明已将用法说明的很明了了。

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# tlp - Parameters for power saving

# See full explanation: http://linrunner.de/en/tlp/docs/tlp-configuration.html

# Hint: some features are disabled by default, remove the

leading # to enable

# them.

# Set to 0 to disable, 1 to enable TLP.

TLP_ENABLE=1

# Operation mode when no power supply can be detected: AC, BAT.

# Concerns some desktop and embedded hardware only.

TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=AC

# Operation mode select: 0=depend on power source, 1=always

use TLP_DEFAULT_MODE

# Hint: use in conjunction with TLP_DEFAULT_MODE=BAT for BAT

settings on AC.

TLP_PERSISTENT_DEFAULT=0

# Seconds laptop mode has to wait after the disk goes idle

before doing a sync.

# Non-zero value enables, zero disables laptop mode.

DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_AC=0

DISK_IDLE_SECS_ON_BAT=2

# Dirty page values (timeouts in secs).

MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_AC=15

MAX_LOST_WORK_SECS_ON_BAT=60

# Hint: CPU parameters below are disabled by default, remove

the leading #

# to enable them, otherwise kernel default values are used.

# Select a CPU frequency scaling governor.

# Intel Core i processor with intel_pstate driver:

#  powersave(*),performance.

# Older hardware with acpi-cpufreq driver:

#  ondemand(*),powersave, performance, conservative, schedutil.

# (*) is recommended.

# Hint: use tlp-stat -p to show the active driver and

available governors.

# Important:

#  powersave forintel_pstate and ondemand for acpi-cpufreq are power

#  efficient for*almost all* workloads and therefore kernel and most

#  distributions havechosen them as defaults. If you still want to change,

#  you should knowwhat you're doing! You *must* disable your distribution's

#  governor settingsor conflicts will occur.

CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_AC=powersave

CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_BAT=powersave

# Set the min/max frequency available for the scaling

governor.

# Possible values strongly depend on your CPU. For available

frequencies see

# the output of tlp-stat -p.

#CPU_SCALING_MIN_FREQ_ON_AC=0

#CPU_SCALING_MAX_FREQ_ON_AC=0

#CPU_SCALING_MIN_FREQ_ON_BAT=0

#CPU_SCALING_MAX_FREQ_ON_BAT=0

# Set energy performance hints (HWP) for Intel P-state

governor:

#  performance,balance_performance, default, balance_power, power

# Values are given in order of increasing power saving.

# Note: Intel Skylake or newer CPU and Kernel >= 4.10

required.

CPU_HWP_ON_AC=balance_performance

CPU_HWP_ON_BAT=power

# Set Intel P-state performance: 0..100 (%).

# Limit the max/min P-state to control the power dissipation

of the CPU.

# Values are stated as a percentage of the available

performance.

# Requires an Intel Core i processor with intel_pstate

driver.

CPU_MIN_PERF_ON_AC=0

CPU_MAX_PERF_ON_AC=100

CPU_MIN_PERF_ON_BAT=0

CPU_MAX_PERF_ON_BAT=10

# Set the CPU "turbo boost" feature: 0=disable,

1=allow

# Requires an Intel Core i processor.

# Important:

# - This may conflict with your distribution's governor

settings

# - A value of 1 does *not* activate boosting, it just allows

it

#CPU_BOOST_ON_AC=1

#CPU_BOOST_ON_BAT=0

# Minimize number of used CPU cores/hyper-threads under light

load conditions:

#  0=disable,1=enable.

SCHED_POWERSAVE_ON_AC=0

SCHED_POWERSAVE_ON_BAT=1

# Kernel NMI Watchdog:

#  0=disable (default,saves power), 1=enable (for kernel debugging only).

NMI_WATCHDOG=0

# Change CPU voltages aka "undervolting" - Kernel

with PHC patch required.

# Frequency voltage pairs are written to:

#  /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/phc_controls

# CAUTION: only use this, if you thoroughly understand what

you are doing!

#PHC_CONTROLS="F:V F:V F:V F:V"

# Set CPU performance versus energy savings policy:

#  performance,balance-performance, default, balance-power, power.

# Values are given in order of increasing power saving.

# Requires kernel module msr and x86_energy_perf_policy from

linux-tools.

ENERGY_PERF_POLICY_ON_AC=balance-performance

ENERGY_PERF_POLICY_ON_BAT=power

# Disk devices; separate multiple devices with spaces

(default: sda).

# Devices can be specified by disk ID also (lookup with: tlp

diskid).

DISK_DEVICES="sda sdb"

# Disk advanced power management level: 1..254, 255 (max

saving, min, off).

# Levels 1..127 may spin down the disk; 255 allowable on most

drives.

# Separate values for multiple disks with spaces. Use the

special value 'keep'

# to keep the hardware default for the particular disk.

DISK_APM_LEVEL_ON_AC="keep keep"

DISK_APM_LEVEL_ON_BAT="1 1"

# Hard disk spin down timeout:

#  0:        spin down disabled

#  1..240:  timeouts from 5s to 20min (in units of 5s)

#  241..251: timeoutsfrom 30min to 5.5 hours (in units of 30min)

# See 'man hdparm' for details.

# Separate values for multiple disks with spaces. Use the

special value 'keep'

# to keep the hardware default for the particular disk.

DISK_SPINDOWN_TIMEOUT_ON_AC="240 240"

DISK_SPINDOWN_TIMEOUT_ON_BAT="120 120"

# Select IO scheduler for the disk devices: cfq, deadline,

noop (Default: cfq).

# Separate values for multiple disks with spaces. Use the

special value 'keep'

# to keep the kernel default scheduler for the particular

disk.

#DISK_IOSCHED="cfq cfq"

# AHCI link power management (ALPM) for disk devices:

#  min_power,med_power_with_dipm(*), medium_power, max_performance.

# (*) Kernel >= 4.15 required, then recommended.

# Multiple values separated with spaces are tried

sequentially until success.

SATA_LINKPWR_ON_AC="med_power_with_dipm

max_performance"

SATA_LINKPWR_ON_BAT="med_power_with_dipm min_power"

# Exclude host devices from AHCI link power management.

# Separate multiple hosts with spaces.

#SATA_LINKPWR_BLACKLIST="host1"

# Runtime Power Management for AHCI host and disks devices:

#  on=disable,auto=enable.

# EXPERIMENTAL ** WARNING: auto will most likely cause system

lockups/data loss.

#AHCI_RUNTIME_PM_ON_AC=on

#AHCI_RUNTIME_PM_ON_BAT=on

# Seconds of inactivity before disk is suspended.

AHCI_RUNTIME_PM_TIMEOUT=15

# PCI Express Active State Power Management (PCIe ASPM):

#  default,performance, powersave.

PCIE_ASPM_ON_AC=performance

PCIE_ASPM_ON_BAT=powersave

# Radeon graphics clock speed (profile method): low, mid,

high, auto, default;

# auto = mid on BAT, high on AC; default = use hardware

defaults.

#RADEON_POWER_PROFILE_ON_AC=high

#RADEON_POWER_PROFILE_ON_BAT=low

# Radeon dynamic power management method (DPM): battery,

performance.

#RADEON_DPM_STATE_ON_AC=performance

#RADEON_DPM_STATE_ON_BAT=battery

# Radeon DPM performance level: auto, low, high; auto is

recommended.

#RADEON_DPM_PERF_LEVEL_ON_AC=auto

#RADEON_DPM_PERF_LEVEL_ON_BAT=auto

# WiFi power saving mode: on=enable, off=disable; not

supported by all adapters.

WIFI_PWR_ON_AC=off

WIFI_PWR_ON_BAT=on

# Disable wake on LAN: Y/N.

WOL_DISABLE=Y

# Enable audio power saving for Intel HDA, AC97 devices

(timeout in secs).

# A value of 0 disables, >=1 enables power saving

(recommended: 1).

SOUND_POWER_SAVE_ON_AC=0

SOUND_POWER_SAVE_ON_BAT=1

# Disable controller too (HDA only): Y/N.

SOUND_POWER_SAVE_CONTROLLER=Y

# Power off optical drive in UltraBay/MediaBay: 0=disable,

1=enable.

# Drive can be powered on again by releasing (and

reinserting) the eject lever

# or by pressing the disc eject button on newer models.

# Note: an UltraBay/MediaBay hard disk is never powered off.

BAY_POWEROFF_ON_AC=0

BAY_POWEROFF_ON_BAT=0

# Optical drive device to power off (default sr0).

BAY_DEVICE="sr0"

# Runtime Power Management for PCI(e) bus devices:

on=disable, auto=enable.

RUNTIME_PM_ON_AC=on

RUNTIME_PM_ON_BAT=auto

# Exclude PCI(e) device adresses the following list from

Runtime PM

# (separate with spaces). Use lspci to get the adresses (1st

column).

#RUNTIME_PM_BLACKLIST="bb:dd.f 11:22.3 44:55.6"

# Exclude PCI(e) devices assigned to the listed drivers from

Runtime PM.

# Default when unconfigured is "amdgpu nouveau nvidia

radeon" which

# prevents accidential power-on of dGPU in hybrid graphics

setups.

# Use "" to disable the feature completely.

# Separate multiple drivers with spaces.

#RUNTIME_PM_DRIVER_BLACKLIST="amdgpu nouveau nvidia

radeon"

# Set to 0 to disable, 1 to enable USB autosuspend feature.

USB_AUTOSUSPEND=1

# Exclude listed devices from USB autosuspend (separate with

spaces).

# Use lsusb to get the ids.

# Note: input devices (usbhid) are excluded automatically

#USB_BLACKLIST="1111:2222 3333:4444"

# Bluetooth devices are excluded from USB autosuspend:

#  0=do not exclude,1=exclude.

USB_BLACKLIST_BTUSB=0

# Phone devices are excluded from USB autosuspend:

#  0=do not exclude,1=exclude (enable charging).

USB_BLACKLIST_PHONE=0

# Printers are excluded from USB autosuspend:

#  0=do not exclude,1=exclude.

USB_BLACKLIST_PRINTER=1

# WWAN devices are excluded from USB autosuspend:

#  0=do not exclude,1=exclude.

USB_BLACKLIST_WWAN=1

# Include listed devices into USB autosuspend even if already

excluded

# by the blacklists above (separate with spaces).

# Use lsusb to get the ids.

#USB_WHITELIST="1111:2222 3333:4444"

# Set to 1 to disable autosuspend before shutdown, 0 to do

nothing

# (workaround for USB devices that cause shutdown problems).

#USB_AUTOSUSPEND_DISABLE_ON_SHUTDOWN=1

# Restore radio device state (Bluetooth, WiFi, WWAN) from

previous shutdown

# on system startup: 0=disable, 1=enable.

# Hint: the parameters

DEVICES_TO_DISABLE/ENABLE_ON_STARTUP/SHUTDOWN below

#  are ignored whenthis is enabled!

RESTORE_DEVICE_STATE_ON_STARTUP=0

# Radio devices to disable on startup: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

# Separate multiple devices with spaces.

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_STARTUP="bluetooth wifi

wwan"

# Radio devices to enable on startup: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

# Separate multiple devices with spaces.

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_STARTUP="wifi"

# Radio devices to disable on shutdown: bluetooth, wifi,

wwan.

# (workaround for devices that are blocking shutdown).

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_SHUTDOWN="bluetooth wifi

wwan"

# Radio devices to enable on shutdown: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

# (to prevent other operating systems from missing radios).

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_SHUTDOWN="wwan"

# Radio devices to enable on AC: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_AC="bluetooth wifi wwan"

# Radio devices to disable on battery: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_BAT="bluetooth wifi wwan"

# Radio devices to disable on battery when not in use (not

connected):

#  bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_BAT_NOT_IN_USE="bluetooth wifi

wwan"

# Battery charge thresholds (ThinkPad only, tp-smapi or

acpi-call kernel module

# required). Charging starts when the remaining capacity

falls below the

# START_CHARGE_THRESH value and stops when exceeding the

STOP_CHARGE_THRESH value.

# Main / Internal battery (values in %)

#START_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT0=75

#STOP_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT0=80

# Ultrabay / Slice / Replaceable battery (values in %)

#START_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT1=75

#STOP_CHARGE_THRESH_BAT1=80

# Restore charge thresholds when AC is unplugged: 0=disable,

1=enable.

#RESTORE_THRESHOLDS_ON_BAT=1

#

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# tlp-rdw - Parameters for the radio device wizard

# Possible devices: bluetooth, wifi, wwan.

# Hints:

# - Parameters are disabled by default, remove the leading #

to enable them

# - Separate multiple radio devices with spaces

# Radio devices to disable on connect.

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_LAN_CONNECT="wifi wwan"

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_WIFI_CONNECT="wwan"

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_WWAN_CONNECT="wifi"

# Radio devices to enable on disconnect.

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_LAN_DISCONNECT="wifi wwan"

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_WIFI_DISCONNECT=""

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_WWAN_DISCONNECT=""

# Radio devices to enable/disable when docked.

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_DOCK=""

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_DOCK=""

# Radio devices to enable/disable when undocked.

#DEVICES_TO_ENABLE_ON_UNDOCK="wifi"

#DEVICES_TO_DISABLE_ON_UNDOCK=""

使用后的效果，拔掉电源，风扇安静，电流1832mA（仅运行桌面，亮度中等，预测使用时间2小时半）

ps：使用

sudo tlp stat

产看tlp状态

存在的疑惑：

由于是本本有单独的独显风扇，切换核显后，独显风扇时不时的自己会转（热风），疑似独显并没有完全关停，从显示性能上看确实为核显性能。甚为不解。安装psensor检测温度，切换独显后，测试显示性能（千鱼测试），cpu与n卡温度双双狂飙，难道核显没歇着？？？