ProxySQL构建主从复制的读写分离
ProxySQL官网及下载地址 http://www.proxysql.com/
原理
mysql的读写分离的基本原理是：让master（主数据库）来响应事务性操作，让slave（从数据库）来响应select非事务性操作，然后再采用主从复制来把master上的事务性操作同步到slave数据库中
架构角色
mysql-slave2 172.16.252.92
mysql-slave1 172.16.252.82
ProxySQL 172.16.253.105
mysql-master 172.16.252.30
环境准备
各节点服务端都需提前同步时间及安装mariadb数据库
[root@mysql-master ~]# ntpdate 172.16.0.1
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
关闭防火墙
[root@mysql-master ~]# iptables -F
下载ProxySQL程序包
http://www.proxysql.com/
配置
mysql-master
[root@mysql-master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=1
log_bin = master-log
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON \\每表使用单独的表文件存储
[root@mysql-master ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysql
创建用户并授权连接主节点复制数据的权限
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'172.16.252.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'replpass';
MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
显示master节点的状态，记录当前节点的位置
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-log.000004 | 498 | | |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
创建连接ProxySQL代理的用户和密码，并同步到各节点主机
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'proxysql'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'proxypass';
mysql-slave1
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id = 2
relay-log = relay-log
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
read_only = ON \\普通用户在slave节点上只有只读权限
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# mysql
从master的当前节点开始同步复制数据
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.252.30',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-log.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=498;
开启复制进程
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
显示slave节点的状态信息
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.252.30
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-log.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 498
Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 530
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 498
Relay_Log_Space: 818
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
mysql-slave2
[root@mysql-slave1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id = 3
relay-log = relay-log
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
read_only = ON
[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@mysql-slave2 ~]# mysql
从master的当前节点开始同步复制数据
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.252.30',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='replpass',MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-log.000004',MASTER_LOG_POS=498;
开启复制进程
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
显示slave节点的状态信息
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.252.30
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-log.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 498
Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 530
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 498
Relay_Log_Space: 818
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
mysql-master
创建连接ProxySQL代理的用户和密码，并同步到各节点主机
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'proxysql'@'172.16.%.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'proxypass';
ProxySQL
下载ProxySQL程序包到本地并安装
[root@ProxySQL ~]# ls proxysql-1.4.2-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm
proxysql-1.4.2-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm
[root@ProxySQL ~]# yum -y install ./proxysql-1.4.2-1-centos7.x86_64.rpm
[root@ProxySQL ~]# rpm -ql proxysql
/etc/init.d/proxysql \\启动脚本文件
/etc/proxysql.cnf \\配置文件
/usr/bin/proxysql
/usr/share/proxysql/tools/proxysql_galera_checker.sh
/usr/share/proxysql/tools/proxysql_galera_writer.pl
配置Proxy
[root@ProxySQL ~]# vim /etc/proxysql.cnf
datadir="/var/lib/proxysql"
admin_variables=
{
admin_credentials="admin:admin"
mysql_ifaces="127.0.0.1:6032;/tmp/proxysql_admin.sock" \\若本机mysql服务没有启用，则使用/tmp/proxysql_admin.sock套接字文件连接管理通信
}
mysql_variables=
{
threads=4 \\开启的线程数
max_connections=2048
default_query_delay=0
default_query_timeout=36000000
have_compress=true
poll_timeout=2000
interfaces="0.0.0.0:3306;/tmp/proxysql.sock" \\若本机mysql服务没有启用，则使用/tmp/proxysql.sock套接字文件连接通信
default_schema="hidb"
stacksize=1048576
server_version="5.5.30"
connect_timeout_server=3000
}
mysql_servers =
(
{
address = "172.16.253.105"
port = 3306
hostgroup = 0
status = "ONLINE"
weight = 1
compression = 0
}，
{
address = "172.16.252.82"
port = 3306
hostgroup = 0
status = "ONLINE"
weight = 1
compression = 0
}，
{
address = "172.16.252.82"
port = 3306
hostgroup = 0
status = "ONLINE"
weight = 1
compression = 0
}
)
mysql_users:
(
{
username = "proxysql" # no default , required
password = "proxypass" # default: ''
default_hostgroup = 0 # default: 0
active = 1 # default: 1
}
)
mysql_replication_hostgroups=
(
{
writer_hostgroup=0
reader_hostgroup=1
comment="repl cluster 1"
}
)
[root@ProxySQL ~]# service proxysql start
[root@ProxySQL ~]# ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*
测试
登录本机数据库，因为本机并没有安装mysql，故使用-S参数指定配置文件中指定的/tmp/proxysql.sock套接字文件通信，使用定义连接ProxySQL代理的账号密码登录
[root@ProxySQL ~]# mysql -S /tmp/proxysql.sock -uproxysql -pproxypass
Your MySQL connection id is 212
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL) \\显示mysql服务器的版本号
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE hidb;
MariaDB [(none)]> USE hidb;
MariaDB [hidb]> CREATE TABLE mytb(id INT,name CHAR(50));
MariaDB [hidb]> INSERT INTO mytb VALUES (1,'tom');
MariaDB [hidb]> SELECT * FROM mytb;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | tom |
+------+------+
CLAVE服务端数据实现了同步，即ProxySQL实现了代理数据库的效果，并达到了数据分离的效果
mysql-slave1
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT * FROM hidb.mytb;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | tom |
+------+------+