我们编写一些接口函数的时候,经常需要给调用者返回json格式的数据,那么如何返回可直接解析的json格式的数据呢?
首先先来第一种方式:
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
import json
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
data={
'name':'zhangsan',
'age':18,
}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))
访问一下
通过访问结果我们看到,在response的返回信息中,返回的Content-Type:是text/html,也就是字符串类型的返回,所以这段返回值并不是一个标准的json数据,是一个长得像json数据的字符串,当然可以通过工具直接转换为json,不过既然是一个json的接口,那么我们抛出的数据自然是json格式的最好,那如何抛出标准json格式的数据呢?
稍稍修改一丢丢代码,在HttpResponse中添加content_type类型为json的属性
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
import json
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
data={
'name':'zhangsan',
'age':18,
}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data),content_type="application/json")
诺,这下返回的类型正常了
不过这里还是要提另外一个模块JsonResponse,他内置的帮我们封装了这个转换的操作,也就是说如果我们的接口抛json数据的话那么将HttpResponse替换为JsonResponse就OK啦
看一下JsonResponse的源代码,其实也很简单了,强制的帮你做了一下转换,同时也支持了list的输出
class JsonResponse(HttpResponse):
def __init__(self, data, encoder=DjangoJSONEncoder, safe=True,
json_dumps_params=None, **kwargs):
if safe and not isinstance(data, dict):
raise TypeError(
'In order to allow non-dict objects to be serialized set the '
'safe parameter to False.'
)
if json_dumps_params is None:
json_dumps_params = {}
kwargs.setdefault('content_type', 'application/json')
data = json.dumps(data, cls=encoder, **json_dumps_params)
super(JsonResponse, self).__init__(content=data, **kwargs)
下边我们来尝试使用JsonResponse输出一下dict和list
首先是dict
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
data={
'name':'zhangsan',
'age':18,
}
return JsonResponse(data)
下面看下list
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
listdata=[1,2,3,4,5]
return JsonResponse(listdata)
代码改完后,访问看输出,结果发现报错啦..为嘛?
TypeError at /mytest/hello/
In order to allow non-dict objects to be serialized set the safe parameter to False.
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://10.89.0.5:8000/mytest/hello/
Django Version: 1.11.13
Exception Type: TypeError
Exception Value:
In order to allow non-dict objects to be serialized set the safe parameter to False.
Exception Location: /data/python36env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/http/response.py in __init__, line 524
Python Executable: /data/python36env/bin/python
Python Version: 3.6.4
Python Path:
['/vagrant/reboot_dj',
'/data/python36env/lib/python36.zip',
'/data/python36env/lib/python3.6',
'/data/python36env/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload',
'/usr/local/python36/lib/python3.6',
'/data/python36env/lib/python3.6/site-packages']
Server time: Mon, 4 Jun 2018 11:53:32 +0000
看这行的提示:In order to allow non-dict objects to be serialized set the safe parameter to False.
然后再看看JsonResponse的源代码
if safe and not isinstance(data, dict):
raise TypeError(
'In order to allow non-dict objects to be serialized set the '
'safe parameter to False.'
)
是不是发现了什么?
嗯对,JsonResponse在抛出列表的时候需要将safe设置为False safe=False
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse,JsonResponse
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
listdata=[1,2,3,4,5]
return JsonResponse(listdata,safe=False)
修改完成后,再次访问