java enum枚举类的用法以及高级玩法

enum(枚举)类介绍

**java枚举类是一组预定义常量的集合，使用enum关键字声明这个类，常量名称官方建议大写 **

1.enum类基本用法

举一个常见的例子，例如星期就可以描述为一个枚举类，如下

public enum Day {
    SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY 
}

怎么调用呢，Java switch语句参数就支持enum类

public class EnumTest {
    Day day;
    
    public EnumTest(Day day) {
        this.day = day;
    }
    
    public void tellItLikeItIs() {
        switch (day) {
            case MONDAY:
                System.out.println("周一各种不在状态");
                break;
                    
            case FRIDAY:
                System.out.println("周五感觉还不错");
                break;
                         
            case SATURDAY: case SUNDAY:
                System.out.println("周末给人的感觉是最棒的");
                break;
                        
            default:
                System.out.println("周内感觉就那样吧。。。");
                break;
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EnumTest firstDay = new EnumTest(Day.MONDAY);
        firstDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest thirdDay = new EnumTest(Day.WEDNESDAY);
        thirdDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest fifthDay = new EnumTest(Day.FRIDAY);
        fifthDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest sixthDay = new EnumTest(Day.SATURDAY);
        sixthDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest seventhDay = new EnumTest(Day.SUNDAY);
        seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs();
    }
}

运行结果

EnumTest类运行结果.png

2.enum类和static常量区别

看了上面的例子，有些小伙伴就嗤之以鼻孔了，这没什么嘛，java静态常量也一样可以办到

public class EnumTest2 {
    public static final int MONDAY= 1;
    public static final int WEDNESDAY= 3;
    public static final int FRIDAY= 5;
    public static final int SATURDAY= 6;
    public static final int SUNDAY= 7;

    public void tellItLikeItIs(int day) {
        switch (day) {
            case 1:
                System.out.println("周一各种不在状态");
                break;

            case 5:
                System.out.println("周五感觉还不错");
                break;

            case 6: case 7:
                System.out.println("周末给人的感觉是最棒的");
                break;

            default:
                System.out.println("周内感觉就那样吧。。。");
                break;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EnumTest2 firstDay = new EnumTest2();
        firstDay.tellItLikeItIs(MONDAY);
        EnumTest2 thirdDay = new EnumTest2();
        thirdDay.tellItLikeItIs(WEDNESDAY);
        EnumTest2 fifthDay = new EnumTest2();
        fifthDay.tellItLikeItIs(FRIDAY);
        EnumTest2 sixthDay = new EnumTest2();
        sixthDay .tellItLikeItIs(SATURDAY);
        EnumTest2 seventhDay = new EnumTest2();
        seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs(SUNDAY);
    }
}

在这个使用方式效果上来看是没有区别的，其实enum类的每一个枚举值也是 static final的，但是我们为什么要选择使用enum枚举类呢
1.static方式的静态变量类型不安全，我们可以在调用的时候传入其他值，导致错误
例如： seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs(999);
2.static方式的静态变量不支持属性扩展，每一个key对应一个值，而enum的每一个key可以拥有自己的属性

3.enum类自定义属性

这就是enum比static静态变量好用的地方了，可以赋予每一个枚举值若干个属性，例如

public enum Day {
    MONDAY(1, "星期一", "星期一各种不在状态"),
    TUESDAY(2, "星期二", "星期二依旧犯困"),
    WEDNESDAY(3, "星期三", "星期三感觉半周终于过去了"),
    THURSDAY(4, "星期四", "星期四期待这星期五"),
    FRIDAY(5, "星期五", "星期五感觉还不错"),
    SATURDAY(6, "星期六", "星期六感觉非常好"),
    SUNDAY(7, "星期日", "星期日感觉周末还没过够。。。");

    Day(int index, String name, String value) {
        this.index = index;
        this.name = name;
        this.value = value;
    }

    private int index;
    private String name;
    private String value;

    public int getIndex() {
        return index;
    }

    public void setIndex(int index) {
        this.index = index;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    public void setValue(String value) {
        this.value = value;
    }
}

这次测试类就有些些变化了，更灵活了

public class EnumTest {
    Day day;

    public EnumTest(Day day) {
        this.day = day;
    }

    public void tellItLikeItIs() {
        switch (day) {
            case MONDAY:
                System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());
                break;

            case FRIDAY:
                System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());
                break;

            case SATURDAY: case SUNDAY:
                System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());
                break;

            default:
                System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());
                break;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EnumTest firstDay = new EnumTest(Day.MONDAY);
        firstDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest thirdDay = new EnumTest(Day.WEDNESDAY);
        thirdDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest fifthDay = new EnumTest(Day.FRIDAY);
        fifthDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest sixthDay = new EnumTest(Day.SATURDAY);
        sixthDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest seventhDay = new EnumTest(Day.SUNDAY);
        seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs();
    }
}

执行结果

EnumTest类运行结果.png

4.enum类高级玩法

你以为enum这样就完了么，还有更好玩的东西，每一个enum枚举值还可以拥有各自的内部方法！二话不说，上栗子

public enum Day {
    MONDAY(1, "星期一", "各种不在状态"){
        @Override
        public Day getNext() {
            return TUESDAY;
        }
    },
    TUESDAY(2, "星期二", "依旧犯困"){
        @Override
        public Day getNext() {
            return WEDNESDAY;
        }
    },
    WEDNESDAY(3, "星期三", "感觉半周终于过去了"){
        @Override
        public Day getNext() {
            return THURSDAY;
        }
    },
    THURSDAY(4, "星期四", "期待这星期五"){
        @Override
        public Day getNext() {
            return FRIDAY;
        }
    },
    FRIDAY(5, "星期五", "感觉还不错"){
        @Override
        public Day getNext() {
            return SATURDAY;
        }
    },
    SATURDAY(6, "星期六", "感觉非常好"){
        @Override
        public Day getNext() {
            return SUNDAY;
        }
    },
    SUNDAY(7, "星期日", "感觉周末还没过够。。。"){
        @Override
        public Day getNext() {
            return MONDAY;
        }
    };

    Day(int index, String name, String value) {
        this.index = index;
        this.name = name;
        this.value = value;
    }

    private int index;
    private String name;
    private String value;
    public abstract Day getNext();

    public int getIndex() {
        return index;
    }

    public void setIndex(int index) {
        this.index = index;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    public void setValue(String value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

}

调用下看看

public class EnumTest {
    Day day;

    public EnumTest(Day day) {
        this.day = day;
    }

    public void tellItLikeItIs() {
        switch (day) {
            case MONDAY:
                System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());
                System.out.println(day.getName()+"的下一天是"+day.getNext().getName());
                break;

            case FRIDAY:
                System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());
                System.out.println(day.getName()+"的下一天是"+day.getNext().getName());
                break;

            case SATURDAY: case SUNDAY:
                System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());
                System.out.println(day.getName()+"的下一天是"+day.getNext().getName());
                break;

            default:
                System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());
                System.out.println(day.getName()+"的下一天是"+day.getNext().getName());
                break;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EnumTest firstDay = new EnumTest(Day.MONDAY);
        firstDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest thirdDay = new EnumTest(Day.WEDNESDAY);
        thirdDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest fifthDay = new EnumTest(Day.FRIDAY);
        fifthDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest sixthDay = new EnumTest(Day.SATURDAY);
        sixthDay.tellItLikeItIs();
        EnumTest seventhDay = new EnumTest(Day.SUNDAY);
        seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs();
    }
}

执行结果

EnumTest类运行结果.png

5.参照文档

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/enum.html