从spring源码汲取营养:模仿spring事件发布机制,解耦业务代码

前言

最近在项目中做了一项优化,对业务代码进行解耦。我们部门做的是警用系统,通俗的说,可理解为110报警。一条警情,会先后经过接警员、处警调度员、一线警员,警情是需要记录每一步的日志,是要可追溯的,比如报警人张小三在2019-12-02 00:02:01时间报警,接警员A在1分钟后,将该警情记录完成,并分派给处警调度员B,调度员B在5分钟后,分派给一线警员C,C赶到现场后,花了1个小时处理完成。

这中间,每一个接口,需要做的事情,可能就包括了:警情日志记录;警员当前任务数统计,包括待处置的任务和已经处置完成的任务;我们其实还有一个操作,就是发mq,去通知其他相关人,比如接警员A接警完成后,要发mq通知其主管。

以前的代码可能是这样的:

## 接口1里, 接收警情service里完成以下操作
void 接收警情(xxxReqVo reqVo){
  1:写库
  2:记录警情跟踪日志
  3:增加当前接警员的接警数
  4:发mq通知其他相关人
}

##接口2里,分派警情的service里完成以下操作
void 分派警情(xxxReqVo reqVo){
  1:写库
  2:记录警情跟踪日志
  3:增加当前处警调度警员的处警数
  4:发mq通知其他相关人
}

这样的问题是什么呢?

  1. 在每一个相关接口里,都要“显式”调用:记录跟踪日志的相关方法、统计相关的方法、发mq相关的方法;但凡有一个地方忘记了,都会导致问题,比如统计数量不准,mq忘发,跟踪日志遗漏等。
  2. 业务逻辑和这类通用业务揉在一起,假设下次又需要给报警人发个短信,岂不是又得去改核心代码?这不符合我们“对修改关闭,对扩展开放”的开闭原则啊;假设脑残的产品经理,这次说要给报警人发短信,过两天又不要了,难道每个接口,挨个挨个改吗,想想都想打死产品经理,但是这个又犯法,还是想想其他办法?

这个问题,我们可以用类似mq的方法来解决,即,发送消息,各个消费者去消费。一般,mq的方式适用于微服务之间,而我们这里,将使用事件-发布机制来解决这个问题。
源码地址(直接dubug跟一下,很简单,比看文章来得快):
https://gitee.com/ckl111/spring-event-publish-demo

先说说ApplicationListener

spring boot之前的spring 时代,想必一些同学用过org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener,正好我手里有一个老项目,也用到了这个东西,我就拿这个举个例子:

在我们的项目中,需要在启动后,初始化一些东西,比如预热缓存,最早的代码呢,可能是大家各自实现org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean,但是这样呢,初始化代码散落在各个service中;还有一些直接使用@PostContruct注解,然后在对应方法里去完成一些初始化操作。但是总体来说,这些方式,在spring的启动过程中,被调用的时机比较靠前,有些候某些bean可能还没初始化完成,而导致一些奇怪的问题。

所以,我们后来统一去掉了这些初始化代码,全部采用以下机制来实现:

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent;

@Service
public class InitRunner implements ApplicationListener {

    @Autowired
    private InitService initService;

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(ContextRefreshedEvent contextRefreshedEvent) {
        //root application context,因为是web项目,
        if (contextRefreshedEvent.getApplicationContext().getParent() == null) {
              initService.init();
        }
 }

在这个类中,我们实现了org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener,这个 listener的定义如下:

public interface ApplicationListener extends EventListener {

    /**
     * Handle an application event.
     * @param event the event to respond to
     */
    void onApplicationEvent(E event);

}

接口 EventListener 是 jdk 的一个 marker interface:

package java.util;

/**

- A tagging interface that all event listener interfaces must extend.
- @since JDK1.1
  */
  public interface EventListener {
  }
    

我们在实现listener时,指定了本listener感兴趣的事件:ContextRefreshedEvent,这个事件的类继承关系如下:

从spring源码汲取营养:模仿spring事件发布机制,解耦业务代码_第1张图片

那么,这个事件是什么意思呢?

/**
 * Event raised when an {@code ApplicationContext} gets initialized or refreshed.
 *
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 04.03.2003
 * @see ContextClosedEvent
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class ContextRefreshedEvent extends ApplicationContextEvent {

    /**
     * Create a new ContextRefreshedEvent.
     * @param source the {@code ApplicationContext} that has been initialized
     * or refreshed (must not be {@code null})
     */
    public ContextRefreshedEvent(ApplicationContext source) {
        super(source);
    }

}

注释说:Event raised when an {@code ApplicationContext} gets initialized or refreshed.,那么意思就是,该事件,是在上下文初始化完成后被发布。

这样的话,就能保证,在我们listener监听到这个事件的时候,整个应用上下文已经可以使用了。

一览Spring事件监听机制

我们再通过debug,来看看其真实的调用时机:

从spring源码汲取营养:模仿spring事件发布机制,解耦业务代码_第2张图片

上图红框处,对spring上下文进行refresh,refresh就是spring 最核心的部分了,基本上,看懂了这个函数,就懂了一半:

// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();

// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context. 
// 实例化beanFactory
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

try {
  // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
  // 对beanFactory进行处理
  postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

  // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
  // BeanFactoryPostProcessor开始作用的地方,这里会调用所有的beanFactory后置处理器
  invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

  // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
  // 注册 bean的后置处理器到beanFactory,注意,截止目前,还没开始实例化bean(除了少数几个内部bean)
  registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

  // Initialize message source for this context. 
  // 注册国际化相关bean
  initMessageSource();

  // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
  // 注册事件发布器,这个和本文主题大有关系
  initApplicationEventMulticaster();

  // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
  //注意上面这行注释,这个类是交给子类覆盖的,比如,在 org.springframework.web.context.support.AbstractRefreshableWebApplicationContext中,实例化了    org.springframework.ui.context.ThemeSource
  onRefresh();

  // Check for listener beans and register them.
  // 从spring容器上下文中,查找ApplicationListener类型的监听器,添加到前两步,初始化的事件发布器中
  registerListeners();

  // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
  //注意:截止到目前为止,beanFactory里面基本还是空空如也,没有bean,只有BeanDefinition,在这一步才会   //根据那些BeanDefinition来实例化那些:非lazy-init的bean
  finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

  // Last step: publish corresponding event.
  // 发布:容器完成初始化的事件
  finishRefresh();
}

上面基本都加了注释,比较容易懂,需要重点关注的是:

  1. 事件发布器初始化
initApplicationEventMulticaster();

这一步会生成一个org.springframework.context.event.ApplicationEventMulticaster,存储在org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext#applicationEventMulticaster

该事件发布器的接口主要有(去除了无关方法):

    /**
     * Add a listener to be notified of all events.
     * @param listener the listener to add
     */
    void addApplicationListener(ApplicationListener listener);

    /**
     * Multicast the given application event to appropriate listeners.
     * 

Consider using {@link #multicastEvent(ApplicationEvent, ResolvableType)} * if possible as it provides a better support for generics-based events. * @param event the event to multicast */ void multicastEvent(ApplicationEvent event);

从上面可以看出,该接口主要是维护监听器ApplicationListener,以及进行事件发布。

  1. 注册监听器

    // 注册listeners
    protected void registerListeners() {
      // Register statically specified listeners first.
      for (ApplicationListener listener : getApplicationListeners()) {
        getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListener(listener);
      }
    
      // Do not initialize FactoryBeans here: We need to leave all regular beans
      // uninitialized to let post-processors apply to them!
      //这里的这句注释也很魔性,哈哈,侧面说明了,截至目前,beanFactory都是没有bean实例存在的,bean还没   //有实例化
      String[] listenerBeanNames = getBeanNamesForType(ApplicationListener.class, true, false);
      for (String listenerBeanName : listenerBeanNames) {
        getApplicationEventMulticaster().addApplicationListenerBean(listenerBeanName);
      }
    
  2. beanFactory初始化完成后,发布事件

    protected void finishRefresh() {
    
      // Publish the final event.
      // 发布上下文refresh完毕的事件,通知listener
      publishEvent(new ContextRefreshedEvent(this));
    }

    这里,publishEvent实现如下:

     protected void publishEvent(Object event, ResolvableType eventType) {
         // Decorate event as an ApplicationEvent if necessary
         ApplicationEvent applicationEvent;
         if (event instanceof ApplicationEvent) {
             applicationEvent = (ApplicationEvent) event;
         }
    
         getApplicationEventMulticaster().multicastEvent(applicationEvent, eventType);
     }

方案1:参考spring,实现自己的事件监听机制,解耦业务代码

项目源码地址:https://gitee.com/ckl111/spring-event-publish-demo.git

项目结构如下:

从spring源码汲取营养:模仿spring事件发布机制,解耦业务代码_第3张图片

  1. 定义与实现事件发布器

    package com.ceiec.base.event;
    
    import org.springframework.context.event.ApplicationEventMulticaster;
    
    /**
     * desc:
     * 参考spring的设计
     * {@link ApplicationEventMulticaster}
     * @author : ckl
     * creat_date: 2019/11/16 0016
     * creat_time: 10:40
     **/
    public interface ICommonApplicationEventMulticaster {
        /**
         * Add a listener to be notified of all events.
         * @param listener the listener to add
         */
        void addApplicationListener(ICommonApplicationEventListener listener);
    
    
        /**
         * Multicast the given application event to appropriate listeners.
         * @param event the event to multicast
         */
        void multicastEvent(CommonApplicationEvent event);
    
    
    }
    
    package com.ceiec.base.event;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.context.event.SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
    import java.util.Set;
    
    /**
     * desc:
     * 参考spring
     * {@link SimpleApplicationEventMulticaster}
     *
     * @author : ckl
     * creat_date: 2019/11/16 0016
     * creat_time: 10:40
     **/
    @Slf4j
    @Component
    public class CommonApplicationEventMulticaster implements ICommonApplicationEventMulticaster {
        public final Set> applicationListeners = new LinkedHashSet<>();
    
        @Override
        public void addApplicationListener(ICommonApplicationEventListener listener) {
            applicationListeners.add(listener);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void removeApplicationListener(ICommonApplicationEventListener listener) {
            applicationListeners.remove(listener);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void removeAllListeners() {
            applicationListeners.clear();
        }
    
        @Override
        @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
        public void multicastEvent(CommonApplicationEvent event) {
            try {
                for (ICommonApplicationEventListener applicationListener : applicationListeners) {
                    //判断listener是否支持处理该事件,如果支持,则丢给listener处理
                    if (applicationListener.supportsEventType(event)) {
                        applicationListener.onApplicationEvent(event);
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("{}",e);
            }
        }
    }
    
  2. 定义listener

    package com.ceiec.base.event;
    
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
    
    import java.util.EventListener;
    
    /**
     * desc:
     * 参考spring
     * {@link ApplicationListener}
     * @author : ckl
     * creat_date: 2019/11/16 0016
     * creat_time: 10:45
     **/
    public interface ICommonApplicationEventListener extends EventListener {
    
    
        boolean supportsEventType(E event );
    
    
        /**
         * Handle an application event.
         * @param event the event to respond to
         */
        void onApplicationEvent(E event);
    }
    
  3. 定义事件类

    package com.ceiec.base.event;
    
    import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
    import lombok.Data;
    import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
    
    import java.util.EventObject;
    
    /**
     * desc:
     * 参考spring的设计
     * {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent}
     **/
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    @Accessors(chain = true)
    public  class  CommonApplicationEvent{
        /**
         * 事件类型
         */
        private  IEventType iEventType;
    
        /**
         * 事件携带的数据
         */
        private T data;
    
    }
    
    
  4. listener的样例实现,下面的实现,用于警情的跟踪日志记录

    package com.ceiec.base.listener;
    
    import com.ceiec.base.applicationevent.SystemEventType;
    import com.ceiec.base.event.CommonApplicationEvent;
    import com.ceiec.base.event.ICommonApplicationEventListener;
    import com.ceiec.base.eventmsg.*;
    import com.ceiec.base.service.IIncidentTraceService;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    /**
     * desc:
     * 接警统计listener
     * @author : ckl
     * creat_date: 2019/11/16 0016
     * creat_time: 9:56
     **/
    @Component
    @Slf4j
    public class IncidentTraceListener implements ICommonApplicationEventListener{
        @Autowired
        private IIncidentTraceService iIncidentTraceService;
    
        @Override
        public boolean supportsEventType(CommonApplicationEvent event) {
            return true;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onApplicationEvent(CommonApplicationEvent event) {
            log.info("{}",event);
            Object data = event.getData();
            if (event.getIEventType() == SystemEventType.FINISH_INCIDENT_APPEAL) {
                FinishIncidentDisposalEventMsg msg = (FinishIncidentDisposalEventMsg) data;
                iIncidentTraceService.finishIncidentDisposal(msg);
            }
        }
    }
    
  5. 启动程序时,注册listener到事件发布器

    package com.ceiec.base.init;
    
    import com.ceiec.base.event.CommonApplicationEventMulticaster;
    import com.ceiec.base.event.ICommonApplicationEventListener;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import java.util.Collection;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    /**
     * desc:
     *
     * @author : ckl
     * creat_date: 2019/11/11 0011
     * creat_time: 15:46
     **/
    @Component
    @Slf4j
    public class InitRunner implements CommandLineRunner,ApplicationContextAware {
    
    
        private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
        @Autowired
        private CommonApplicationEventMulticaster commonApplicationEventMulticaster;
    
        @Override
        public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
            Map map = applicationContext.getBeansOfType(ICommonApplicationEventListener.class);
            Collection listeners = map.values();
            for (ICommonApplicationEventListener listener : listeners) {
                /**
                 * 注册事件listener到事件发布器
                 */
                log.info("register listener:{}",listener);
                commonApplicationEventMulticaster.addApplicationListener(listener);
            }
    
        }
    
        @Override
        public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
            this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        }
    }
    
  6. 定义endpoint,在service中进行事件发布

    controller:

    @Autowired
    private IIncidentService iIncidentService;
    
    @RequestMapping("/test.do")
    public String finishIncident() {
      iIncidentService.finishIncident();
      return "success";
    }

    service:

    @Slf4j
    @Service
    public class IIncidentServiceImpl implements IIncidentService {
    
        @Autowired
        private CommonApplicationEventMulticaster commonApplicationEventMulticaster;
    
    
        @Override
        public void finishIncident() {
            FinishIncidentDisposalEventMsg msg = new FinishIncidentDisposalEventMsg();
            msg.setIncidentInformationId(1111L);
            msg.setDesc("处置完成");
    
            CommonApplicationEvent event = new CommonApplicationEvent(SystemEventType.FINISH_INCIDENT_APPEAL,msg);
            commonApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent(event);
        }
    }
  7. 效果展示

    启动时,注册listener:

    2019-12-03 16:49:47.477  INFO 493432 --- [           main] com.ceiec.base.BootStrap                 : Started BootStrap in 1.436 seconds (JVM running for 2.22)
    2019-12-03 16:49:47.478  INFO 493432 --- [           main] com.ceiec.base.init.InitRunner           : register listener:com.ceiec.base.listener.IncidentStatisticsListener@c6b2dd9
    2019-12-03 16:49:47.479  INFO 493432 --- [           main] com.ceiec.base.init.InitRunner           : register listener:com.ceiec.base.listener.IncidentTraceListener@3f985a86
    2019-12-03 16:49:47.479  INFO 493432 --- [           main] com.ceiec.base.init.InitRunner           : register listener:com.ceiec.base.listener.MqListener@57a2ed35

    浏览器中,请求http://localhost:8081/test.do,日志如下:

方案2:直接使用spring内置的事件发布器,解耦业务代码

源码:https://gitee.com/ckl111/spring-event-publish-demo/tree/master/spring-event-use-builtin-multicaster

这部分,比上面的方案相比,少了很多东西,只包含如下部分:

从spring源码汲取营养:模仿spring事件发布机制,解耦业务代码_第4张图片

总的来说,listener直接继承spring的ApplicationListener,事件发布器直接使用spring的org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher

核心代码:

package com.ceiec.base.service.impl;

import com.ceiec.base.applicationevent.SystemEventType;
import com.ceiec.base.event.CommonApplicationEvent;
import com.ceiec.base.eventmsg.FinishIncidentDisposalEventMsg;
import com.ceiec.base.service.IIncidentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * desc:
 * 发布事件的业务代码示例
 * @author : ckl
 * creat_date: 2019/12/2 0002
 * creat_time: 14:27
 **/
@Slf4j
@Service
public class IIncidentServiceImpl implements IIncidentService {

    @Autowired
    private ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher;


    @Override
    public void finishIncident() {
        FinishIncidentDisposalEventMsg msg = new FinishIncidentDisposalEventMsg();
        msg.setIncidentInformationId(1111L);
        msg.setDesc("处置完成");

        CommonApplicationEvent event = new CommonApplicationEvent(SystemEventType.FINISH_INCIDENT_APPEAL,msg);
        applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(event);
    }
}
package com.ceiec.base.listener;

import com.ceiec.base.applicationevent.SystemEventType;
import com.ceiec.base.event.CommonApplicationEvent;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * desc:
 * 这里,直接继承 spring 的listener
 * @author : ckl
 * creat_date: 2019/11/16 0016
 * creat_time: 9:56
 **/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class IncidentStatisticsListener implements ApplicationListener {



    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(CommonApplicationEvent event) {
        log.info("receive event:{}",event);
    }
}

总结

以上两种都可以用,一个是自己仿的,定制性强一点;一个直接用spring的。大家自由选择即可。

通过这样的方式,我们的业务代码,可以做到解耦,大体和mq其实是类似的。

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