1.列一个本学期课后作业中英文文章的清单，标明：序号，标题，链接
W5L1
digital technology
链接：http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4872-what-is-e-commerce.html
Like any digital technology or consumer-based purchasing market, e-commerce has evolved over the years.As mobile devices became more popular, mobile commerce has become its own market.
W5L2
market share
Product life cycle is about three sides including market share,how long the product can exist and how the produce grow.
W6L3
链接：http://xueshu.baidu.com/s?wd=paperuri:(96afbbf957b956c5da5ed57b6fb15364)&filter=sc_long_sign&sc_ks_para=q%3DAn+analysis+on+industrial+chain+and+value+chain+of+China%27s+dairy+industry.&tn=SE_baiduxueshu_c1gjeupa&ie=utf-8&sc_us=16498914467138177126
In order to do an indepth study,this paper adopts the methods of industrial chain firstly to decompose China's dairy industry into 5 links including raw milk supply,producing and processing,which shows that China’s dairy industry faces some worries,such as a serious shortage of raw milk supply,low integration of industry,nonstandardized management of milk station and poor international competitiveness.Then the paper uses the value chain approach to make a comparative study on the value allocation between China’s and other countries’ dairy value chain,which shows that there exists unfair allocation mechanism,ignoring and damaging the interests of dairy farmers in China’s dairy industry.Based on the analysis of industrial chain and value chain,this paper argues that strengthening the integration of industrial chain,intensifying the supervision of milk station,paying more attention to the interests of dairy farmers are the main measures to promote the healthy development of China’s dairy industry in the long term.
W6L4
链接：https://www.zybang.com/question/86d996d9df5891fb183965452f06812a.html
Integrated Supply Chain Management
When organizations tried to reduce their Logistics costs,their initial studies looked at the separate function--location of facilities,procurement,inventory control,warehousing and transport.But it soon became clear that the best approach was through integration--not looking at these functions sepa-rately,but considering the supply chain as a whole.This recognition has led to a continuing trend,as organizations stopped looking at transport and moved on study broader physical distribution,then Logis-tics and finally supply chain management.At each stage there has been more integration,with an in-creasing range of activities recognized as being part of the supply chain.
In practice,the terms"logistics"and"supply chain management"are now used interchangeably,so the Institule of Logistics can give the following definitions:
Logistics is the time related positioning of resources,or the strategic management of the total sup-ply chain.
The supply chain is a sequence of events intended to satisfy a customer.It can include procure-ment,manufacture,distribution and waste disposal,together with associated transport,storage and in-formation technology.
With this broad definition,logistics is inherently linked to other operations and can include--or at least affect - almost every function within an organization.This approach is consistent with the process focus adopted by many organizations,which no longer see themselves as supplying products,but as us-ing a process to satisfy customer demand.Logistics is a key part of this integrated process.
W7L5
链接：https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price
In ordinary usage, price is the quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for goods or services.[1]
In modern economies, prices are generally expressed in units of some form of currency. (For commodities, they are expressed as currency per unit weight of the commodity, e.g. euros per kilogram.) Although prices could be quoted as quantities of other goods or services this sort of barter exchange is rarely seen. Prices are sometimes quoted in terms of vouchers such as trading stamps and air miles. In some circumstances, cigarettes have been used as currency, for example in prisons, in times of hyperinflation, and in some places during World War 2. In a black market economy, barter is also relatively common.
In many financial transactions, it is customary to quote prices in other ways. The most obvious example is in pricing a loan, when the cost will be expressed as the percentage rate of interest. The total amount of interest payable depends upon credit risk, the loan amount and the period of the loan. Other examples can be found in pricing financial derivatives and other financial assets. For instance the price of inflation-linked government securities in several countries is quoted as the actual price divided by a factor representing inflation since the security was issued.
Price sometimes refers to the quantity of payment requested by a seller of goods or services, rather than the eventual payment amount. This requested amount is often called the asking price or selling price, while the actual payment may be called the transaction price or traded price. Likewise, the bid price or buying price is the quantity of payment offered by a buyer of goods or services, although this meaning is more common in asset or financial markets than in consumer markets.
Economists sometimes define price more generally as the ratio of the quantities of goods that are exchanged for each other.
Economic price theory asserts that in a free market economy the market price reflects interaction between supply and demand: the price is set so as to equate the quantity being supplied and that being demanded. In turn these quantities are determined by the marginal utility of the asset to different buyers and to different sellers. In reality, the price may be distorted by other factors, such as tax and other government regulations.
When a commodity is for sale at multiple locations, the law of one price is generally believed to hold. This essentially states that the cost difference between the locations cannot be greater than that representing shipping, taxes, other distribution costs and more. In the case of the majority of consumer goods and services, distribution costs are quite a high proportion of the overall price, so the law may not be very useful.
W7L6
链接：https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_model
A business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value,[1] in economic, social, cultural or other contexts. The process of business model construction is part of business strategy.
In theory and practice, the term business model is used for a broad range of informal and formal descriptions to represent core aspects of a business, including purpose, business process, target customers, offerings, strategies, infrastructure, organizational structures, sourcing, trading practices, and operational processes and policies including culture.
W8L7
链接:http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/btob.asp
The internet provides a robust environment in which businesses can find out about products and services and lay the groundwork for future business to business transactions. Company websites allow interested parties to learn about a business's products and services and initiate contact. Online product and supply exchange websites allow businesses to search for products and services and initiate procurement through e-procurement interfaces. Specialized online directories providing information about particular industries, companies and the products and services they provide also facilitate business to business transactions.
链接http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/btoc.asp
Although numerous B2C companies fell victim to the subsequent dotcom bust as investor interest in the sector dwindled and venture capital funding dried up, B2C leaders such as Amazon.com and Priceline.com survived the shakeout and have since seen great success.
Business to consumer (B2C) is among the most popular and widely known of sales models. The idea of B2C was first utilized by Michael Adrich in 1979, who used television as the primary medium to reach out to consumers. Traditionally, B2C referred to mall shopping, eating out at restaurants, pay-per-view and infomercials. However, the rise of the internet created a whole new B2C business channel in the form of e-commerce or selling goods and services over the internet.
Businesses that rely on B2C sales must maintain good relations with their customers to ensure they come back. Unlike business to business (B2B), businesses that rely on B2C must make the consumer have an emotional response to your marketing. In B2B, marketing campaigns are geared to show value of the product or service.
关键词句Business to consumer 企业对消费者
链接
https://search.yahoo.com/search;_ylt=AwrBT9WXywFavVEA_WRx.9w4;_ylc=X0kDSlMwSnBUazRMakVhVm1oTFdmWDBPZ0tCTXpZdU1nQUFBQURrMUVSVARfUwM5NTQwMDYzODUEX3IDMgRhY3RuA2NsawRjc3JjcHZpZANKUzBKcFRrNExqRWFWbWhMV2ZYME9nS0JNell1TWdBQUFBRGsxRVJUBGZyAwRmcjIDc2EtZ3AEZ3ByaWQDVjVNRDc5SnJSWXl5U24wZEw4cVNBQQRuX3JzbHQDMARuX3N1Z2cDMTAEb3JpZ2luA3NlYXJjaC55YWhvby5jb20EcG9zAzEEcHFzdHIDY3VzdG9tZXIEcHFzdHJsAzgEcXN0cmwDMjQEcXVlcnkDY3VzdG9tZXIlMjB0byUyMGN1c3RvbWVyBHRfc3RtcAMxNTEwMDY3MTA2BHZ0ZXN0aWQD?pvid=JS0JpTk4LjEaVmhLWfX0OgKBMzYuMgAAAADk1ERT&ei=UTF-8&gprid=&fr2=sa-gp&p=customer+to+customer
C2C websites and similar platforms make their money from fees charged to sellers for listing items for sale, adding on promotional features and facilitating credit card transactions. These C2C transactions generally involve products sold through a classified or auction system, and the products sold are often used or secondhand.
The C2C market is projected to grow in the future because of its cost-effectiveness. The cost of using third parties is declining and the amount of products for sale by consumers is steadily rising. Retailers see it as a very important business model, given consumers' growing use of social media and other online channels. These channels showcase specific products already owned by consumers and increase demand, which drives increased online traffic to C2C platforms.
However, C2C has some issues, such as lack of quality control or payment guarantees. There's also the occasional difficulty in making credit card payments. The rise of PayPal and other payment systems over the years has helped eliminate the latter problem.
W8L8
链接:https://developer.ibm.com/code/patterns/create-cognitive-retail-chatbot/?S_PKG=&cm_mmc=Search_Bing-_-Developer_Innovation-_-WW_US-_-+ecommerce++innovation_Broad_&cm_mmca1=000019RS&cm_mmca2=10004805&mkwid=29b21cb8-9491-43bd-8abf-ebd75224a81411761719&cvosrc=ppc.bing.%2Becommerce%20%2Binnovation&cvo_campaign=000019RS&cvo_crid=81226425758399&Matchtype=b&cm_mmca8=kwd-81226433444514:loc-39&cm_mmca9=29b21cb8-9491-43bd-8abf-ebd75224a814&cm_mmca10=81226425758399&cm_mmca11=b
In this developer code pattern, learn how you can create an easily configurable, retail-ready Watson Conversation-based chatbot that lets a user find items to purchase and then add and remove items from their cart. The code pattern uses Watson Discovery to find the items to purchase and a Cloudant NoSQL database to add and remove items. After the chatbot back end is deployed, the code pattern shows how you can add Slack as your conversational interface and take advantage of platform features such as auto-retrieval of contextual customer information upon chat session initiation.
W9L9
链接http://www.crossborder-ecommerce.com/
The Cross-Border Ecommerce Community will be merchant's central information hub when seeking international expansion and business growth. Each partner is committed to CBEC's content marketing mission statement and a piece of the ecommerce-pie in a non-competitive way, for the sake of sharing valuable knowledge with the ultimate goal to boost cross-border ecommerce for the benefit of all stakeholders in the global ecommerce eco-system.
W9L10
链接https://www.eurocomms.com/features/opinion/9073-opinion-arpu-is-dead-long-live-arpa-
However, ARPU was borne from a wireless age when voice, post-paid, and subscriptions were the dominant drivers of success.
The last couple of years have seen the wireless industry go through dramatic changes as data traffic has become the growth engine, while aggregate traditional transport revenues have plateaued in mature markets. One evolving result of these changes has been to make ARPU increasingly irrelevant as a measure.
The obvious changes that have occurred are the significant growth in data as the primary driver of operator revenue and the increasing prevalence of prepaid services. Data and prepaid have independently changed the nature and level of revenue.
Perhaps an even more important trend related to revenue, though not quite as obvious, has been the extreme growth in embedded wireless. Mature markets today are seeing over 100 percent penetration, a clear indicator of the trend toward people carrying multiple wireless devices.
Each of these devices also comes with somewhat different wireless revenue plans and pricing models, representing different business relationships between the user and the operator. Not only are usage and pricing levels different in these relationships, but profitability and service relationships can also be very different.
In this environment, the concept of ARPU starts to lose any constructive meaning, as it only describes one facet of what has fast become a multi-faceted interaction between the user and the operator.
The end result is that operators must find a more appropriate benchmark for success. The fundamental aspect of this new perspective requires a change from looking at the user as a single discrete relationship to examining the user more holistically and incorporating their various and disparate ways of interaction with the operator.
Verizon, for example, has already taken a step in this direction by stating in 2012 that it would start to look at Average Revenue per Account (ARPA) rather than ARPU, in order to take a broader view of actual subscriber revenue performance.
Added to this, operators need to move beyond traditional sources of returns, which have essentially come from transport, and gain new revenue generators. These new sources will also require a 360 degree view of the customer in terms of characteristics, demands, and patterns, which can be used internally to improve customer experience management (CEM) and externally to create new revenue sources; as well as potentially selling this knowledge to help enhance third-party applications and services.
The key enabler that is allowing operators to gain this more complete customer perspective is big data analytics, which takes data from various sources, fuses it together, correlates it, and identifies valuable insights from the data, in a real-time or near real-time basis, and on a very large scale.
Combining network performance data from operators’ infrastructure, with customer call records, subscription and device information, can create a new type of client DNA, thereby allowing operators to really understand their customers and more effectively measure their business.
The analysis also allows operators to move from being reactive to proactive; predicting potential issues ahead of time, managing these issues in a more structured fashion, and ultimately making better business decisions.
Operators can then use this intimate customer knowledge to change the revenue paradigm, creating new services and sources of income in areas such as ecommerce, gaming, and mobile advertising.
Additionally, having visibility of a customer’s devices, location, mobility habits, and usage patterns, can help operators to better tailor the services and offers available to that customer.
In the future, customer policy and preference selections can also be added to the analysis, so the operator can take effective action based on customer direction in response to a situation observed or projected to occur.
Furthermore, assuming the operator has the customer’s permission, these insights can be shared with third parties to provide a richer user experience inside and outside the operator’s network, as well as enabling another source of revenue for the operator.
All of this creates a much closer relationship between the operator and the customer, which will be hard for a non-incumbent operator to match, and thus creates a strong barrier to customer churn.
The shift in market and technology dynamics is creating a death knell for the ARPU metric, but breathes life into a much more precise revenue model where operators can identify and prioritise customers by profitability through a rich suite of subscriber analytics.
W10L11-L12
链接：https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/10/alibabas-singles-day-is-amazons-prime-day--on-steroids.html
As shoppers gear up for Amazon Prime Day beginning Monday evening, the biggest sales day of the year for the company, Jack Ma is probably snickering somewhere.
That's because his Alibaba has its own Prime Day — and it's exponentially bigger.
November 11 is known as Singles Day in China and it has become a major shopping holiday for the e-commerce giant. Singles Day began as an anti-Valentine's Day founded by college students in the 1990s, according to the Communist Party-owned People's Daily.
Last year, Alibaba racked up almost $18 billion in sales during the 24-hour event.
To be fair, Prime Day is only in its infancy, while Alibaba's bonanza has been around since 2009, when the company began using the "holiday" to promote sales during the usually slow period before the Lunar New Year season.
Prime Day began on July 15, 2015, to commemorate the Seattle, Washington-based company's 20th birthday. Its inaugural event was a success, exceeding Amazon's Black Friday sales, while the second edition last year was declared "the biggest day ever for Amazon" in a press release.
W11L13-L14
链接https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=CeWebrity
An online celebrity. Rarely ever actually famous, but often wildly popular on sites like Youtube or Twitter. Sometimes has a blog where they share their "deep, dark secrets" with the internet world.
Wow, Alex started up his fourth blog, second Youtube channel, just joined Twitter, and already has 4,568,653 viewers. He's becoming quite the ceWebrity.
guy: oh man, did you read Rob Anderson's blog yesterday?
girl: no, should i have?
guy: well... not really. He's only a CeWebrity
W12L15-L16
链接https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=CeWebrity
An online celebrity. Rarely ever actually famous, but often wildly popular on sites like Youtube or Twitter. Sometimes has a blog where they share their "deep, dark secrets" with the internet world.
Wow, Alex started up his fourth blog, second Youtube channel, just joined Twitter, and already has 4,568,653 viewers. He's becoming quite the ceWebrity.
guy: oh man, did you read Rob Anderson's blog yesterday?
girl: no, should i have?
guy: well... not really. He's only a CeWebrity.
W14L19-L20
链接：http://www.technologylawyers.com/resources/technology-law/internet-law/e-commerce-laws.htm
The Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) and The Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (ESIGN) are the two main electronic commerce laws in the US. The UETA Act, discussed in detail below, is primarily for the purpose of bridging the gap between the individual states and providing some uniformity when it comes to electronic commerce law. A major point of the UETA Act is the provision that makes it no longer necessary to retain paper copies of all books and records files.
The ESIGN Act is a federal act that applies to all interstate commerce (commerce that occurs across state lines) and that establishes guidelines for such commerce. One of the cornerstones of the ESIGN Act is that any electronic contract or signature, “may not be denied legal effect, validity, or enforceability solely because it is in electronic form”. (ESIGN Act, section 101(a)).
W15L21-L22
链接http://english.gov.cn/news/top_news/2016/01/09/content_281475268946633.htm
Total retail sales of consumer goods in 2015 are expected to hit 30 trillion yuan ($4.5 trillion), making consumption the most powerful driver of economic growth.
Consumption in rural, central and western areas is growing faster than overall average consumption in the country and rural consumption has outpaced urban consumption for three consecutive years. The consumption of services, especially entertainment services, is growing faster than that for goods with the cinema box office estimated to exceed $5 billion in 2015.
Qu Jiang, a researcher at Zhejiang University of e-commerce development in rural areas, said large home appliances are becoming popular in rural areas where online shopping companies such as Alibaba and JD.com have been expanding their business.
China has the largest online retail market in the world thanks to its fast developing e-commerce sector. Mobile e-commerce boomed in 2015, as O2O (online-to-offline) businesses exceeded 300 billion yuan in 2015, 80 percent more than last year.
The online retail sales from January to November 2015 hit 3.45 trillion yuan, and online retail sales for 2015 are expected to hit 4 trillion yuan.
Online travel and food-delivery services are among the fast growing O2O businesses.
The government also adopted measures to reform the “supply side” to help companies offer quality products and attract more consumption.
One measure will push for a quality tracing system for goods such as traditional Chinese medicine, meat and vegetables. Another will set up a system recording and disclosing cases of counterfeits.
In the next stage, the government will encourage consumption of services and consumption that is intelligent, green, healthy and safe.
2.写一篇本学期推荐阅读书籍的读书笔记（自带标题，单独成篇）：推荐书目