(七) IOS 响应者链和手势

响应者链(面试常问)和手势(只是一些方法)

一、事件传递

1、从事件发生到其处理的对象,传递要经过特殊的一段过程,当用户点击设备屏幕时,iOS捕捉到一系列的触摸,将其打包到UIEvent对象并放置到应用程序活动事件队列中。

2、UIApplication对象从事件队列中取出最前面的事件并将其分发,通常,其将事件发送给应用程序的主窗口-UIWindow实例,再由窗口对象发送事件给第一响应者处理,一般通过touchesBegan方法获取该事件

3、具体过程

 1)先将事件对象由上往下传递(由父控件传递给子控件),找到最合适的控件来处理这个事件

 2)调用最合适控件的touches方法

 3)如果调用了[super touches...]方法,就会将事件顺着"响应者链条"往上传递,传递给上一个响应者

 4)接着就会调用上一个响应者的touches...方法

二、响应者链

1、基本概念

  响应者对象是一个能接受并处理事件的对象,UIResponser是所有响应者对象的基类,该基类定义了一系列编程接口,不但为事件处理进行服务而且还提供了通用的响应行为处理,UIApplication、UIView(UIWindow)、UIViewController都直接或间接的继承自UIResponser,所有的这些类的实例都是响应者对象

  响应者链表示一系列的响应者对象,事件被交由第一响应者对象处理,如果第一响应者不处理,事件被沿着响应者链向上传递,交给下一个响应者(nextresponder)

2、事件响应者链传递的过程(从下往上找)

  1、当用户与试图交互时,会将消息传递给试图控制器,如果不存在控制器,传递给父试图

  2、如果不处理该消息,则继续将消息向上传递,如果最上层的试图也不处理,将事件交给window对象,最后交由UIApplication实例,如果不处理,丢弃事件

  PS:传递方式

   [self.nextResponder touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event];

3、通过响应者链传递可以让多个试图响应同一个手势

四、手势识别器(在第五部分给大家具体的实例讲解)

UIGestureRecognizer类,用于检测、识别用户使用设备时所用的手势,他是一个抽象类,定义了所有手势的基本行为,以下是UIGestureRecognizer子类,用与处理具体的用户手势行为

1、轻击
 
  UITapGestureRecognizer
 
  常用属性
    
    //点击次数
    numberOfTapsRequired

    //消除两个手势的影响
    requireGestureRecognizerToFail

    //手指的数量,需将试图的multipleTouchEnabled设为YES
    numberOfTouchesRequired

2、轻扫

  UISwipeGestureRecognizer

  常用属性

   清扫方向,默认是右
   direction

3、长按
   
   UILongPressGestureRecognizer

   常用属性

    最小长按时间
    minimumPressDuration

   注意事项

    如果不判断会调用2次 按下2秒后自己调用一次 松开后又要调用一次

     if (longPress.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
      return;
     }
     NSLog(@"长按");

4、平移

  UIPanGestureRecognizer

  常用方法

    获取触摸的位置
    locationInView

    注意事项


      - (void)panAction:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)gesture{

        // 1.在view上面挪动的距离 //translationInView表示相对于起点挪动的位置是最新2点之间的间距
        CGPoint translation = [gesture translationInView:gesture.view];
        CGPoint center = gesture.view.center;
        center.x += translation.x;
        center.y += translation.y;
        gesture.view.center = center;

        // 2.清空移动的距离
        [gesture setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:gesture.view];

      }

5、捏合

  UIPinchGestureRecognizer

  注意事项:

   每次调用过方法后,记得将scale置1,否则你的图片在捏合一点便会变很大或很小

6、旋转

  UIRotationGestureRecognizer

  注意事项:

   每次调用过方法后,记得将rotation置0,否则图片旋转不正常

7、手势识别器的代理方法

 /**
  *  是否允许多个手势识别器同时有效
  *  Simultaneously : 同时地
  */
  - (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer
  {
      return YES;
  }

8、重要的事情说三遍

  实现旋转、缩放、平移的时候一定要清零

  实现旋转、缩放、平移的时候一定要清零

  实现旋转、缩放、平移的时候一定要清零

五具体的实例讲解

  #import "ViewController.h"

  @interface ViewController ()
  {

       UIImageView *imageView;
  }
   @end

  @implementation ViewController

  - (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.frame];

  imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"minion"];

  imageView.userInteractionEnabled = YES;

  [self.view addSubview:imageView];

  #pragma mark 1.轻击

  UITapGestureRecognizer *tapGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(tap:)];

  tapGesture.numberOfTapsRequired = 1;

  [imageView addGestureRecognizer:tapGesture];//添加手势

  #pragma mark 2.双击

   UITapGestureRecognizer *doubleGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(doubleclick:)];

   doubleGesture.numberOfTapsRequired = 2;

  [tapGesture  requireGestureRecognizerToFail:doubleGesture];

  //消除两个手势的影响
  [imageView addGestureRecognizer:doubleGesture];

  #pragma mark  3.两个手指同时点击

  UITapGestureRecognizer *doubleTouchAndClick = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(doubleTouchAndClick:)];

  doubleTouchAndClick.numberOfTouchesRequired = 2;
  doubleTouchAndClick.numberOfTapsRequired = 2;

  [imageView addGestureRecognizer:doubleTouchAndClick];

  #pragma mark 4.清扫(就一个属性 direction)

UISwipeGestureRecognizer *swipeGesture = [[UISwipeGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(swipe)];

//设置清扫的对象

swipeGesture.direction = UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionDown;

//添加手势

[imageView addGestureRecognizer:swipeGesture];

#pragma mark  5.长按

UILongPressGestureRecognizer *longPressGesture = [[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(longPressGesture:)];

//长按的一个属性:长按最小时间
longPressGesture.minimumPressDuration = 2;

[imageView addGestureRecognizer:longPressGesture];


#pragma mark  6.平移

UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGesture = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(panGesture:)];

[imageView addGestureRecognizer:panGesture];

#pragma mark  7.捏合


UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinGesture = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(pinGesture:)];

pinGesture.delegate = self;

[imageView addGestureRecognizer:pinGesture];

#pragma mark  8.旋转

UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotationGesture = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(rotationGesture:)];

rotationGesture.delegate = self;

 [imageView addGestureRecognizer:rotationGesture];

}

// 1.轻击

-(void)tap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)gesture
{
NSLog(@"轻击");
}

//2.双击
-(void)doubleclick:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)gesture
{
  NSLog(@"双击");
}

//3.两个手指同时点击

 -(void)doubleTouchAndClick:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)gesture
 {
    NSLog(@"同时双击");
 }
//4.清扫
-(void)swipe
{

   NSLog(@"清扫");

}

//5.长按

-(void)longPressGesture:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)gesture
{

if (gesture.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
    return;
}
NSLog(@"长按");

}

//6.平移
-(void)panGesture:(UIPanGestureRecognizer *)gesture
{

// 1.在view上面挪动的距离 //translationInView表示相对于起点挪动的位置是最新2点之间的间距
CGPoint translation = [gesture translationInView:gesture.view];
CGPoint center = gesture.view.center;
center.x += translation.x;
center.y += translation.y;
gesture.view.center = center;

// 2.清空移动的距离
[gesture setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:gesture.view];

 }

 //7.捏合

 -(void)pinGesture:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer *)gesture
 {
     imageView.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(imageView.transform, gesture.scale, gesture.scale);

     NSLog(@"%f",gesture.scale);
     gesture.scale = 1;
 }

 //8.旋转

 - (void)rotationGesture:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer *)gesture
 {

     imageView.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(imageView.transform, gesture.rotation);

     gesture.rotation = 0;

  }

 //9、手势识别器的代理方法

 /**
 *  是否允许多个手势识别器同时有效
 *  Simultaneously : 同时地
 */
 - (BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer
  {

    return YES;
 
  }

 @end

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