最近一个17岁华裔女孩萧靖彤(Cassandra Hsiao)因收到了美国13所顶级名校的录取通知书而刷爆了朋友圈,这其中包括8所常春藤盟校。当然,毋庸置疑,她有非常完美的简历:GPA成绩4.67,SAT成绩1540,课余活动也非常精彩,比如学生会主席、校办杂志主编,网站记者,还获得各种学校和社会的奖励。
但能够进入这些学校的学生,简历都非常棒,而真正让她在这么多优秀的申请者中间脱颖而出的,竟然是她精彩的申请文书。
文书的重要性
那么问题来了:文书为什么会那么重要?
首先,美国大学的录取是没有入学考试的,而大学了解你的学术潜质和个人特质唯一的媒介就是你的申请文书。
其次,美国的学校更注重的是学生的综合能力,分数绝对不是衡量是否录取你的唯一标准,也并非最重要的标准,他们会根据申请人的专业、成就、个人品德、抱负等方面全面了解你,而你的文书就相当于一场面试。
再次,招生官只能文书来对你的学识、人品、语言能力进行判断,而你,也只能通过书面形式来表现和证明自己,文书是你能传递给招生官的唯一的信息。
试想一下,如果你的分数很高,但是书面写作能力却很差,必然会给招生官一种高分低能的感觉,而相反,如果你的成绩没有特别优异,但是却能提供非常精彩的申请文书,这在一定程度上是可以弥补自己的缺憾的。
留学文书包含哪些材料?
上文我们提到的是文书的重要性,那到底文书都有哪些内容呢?文书,顾名思义,就是书写的材料,而申请美国大学,留学文书一般要包含个人陈述、推荐信、个人简历及Essay这几类。
个人陈述,英文名为Personal Statement,简称PS,是由申请人填写的关于自身情况的一篇文章,一般说来,个人陈述里需要讲明自己的申请背景、学术成就、未来研究和职业目标。
推荐信(Recommendation Letter),为申请材料中以第三者的角度来对申请人的学习成绩、科研能力、品德等各方面而做出的评价,通常情况下,这是由第三者写的以中文书,可以由名人、教授或者对你有重要影响的人书写。
简历
则是申请者个人需要准备的一份让校方全面了解你情况的一个文书,你需要真实、全面、简明扼要的反映自己的教育经历、工作经历、未来工作方向、研究兴趣、社会实践、个人技能、荣誉奖项等内容讲清楚,相当于我们找工作时的个人简历。
Essay用中文解释,就是小短文的意思,由于申请者的经理、技能、思想等方面无法用标准化的成绩来量化,因此美国很多学校会要求这些申请者提供Essay。
我们该如何让自己的文书脱颖而出?
作为申请者,你只有一次让招生官青睐的机会,他们每天都会查阅成百上千份申请书,能够分配给你的时间一般不超过3分钟,而这3分钟就决定了你是否被录取。因此不够突出的文书给你带来的直接后果就是被淘汰。
上文我们提到了文书其实是包含个人陈述、简历、推荐信和Essay等部分的,每一个文书的具体内容肯定是有区别的,比如推荐信,就应该从第三者的角度向招生官讲清楚他们应该录取你的理由,而个人陈述和简历则是你自己向招生官简明扼要的写明你的优势、你的综合能力等。每一个文书书写的角度都是不一样的。但是所有的文章都逃不开一些既定的原则。
对于留学文书而言,这样写,你更容易吸引这些招生官的眼球:
首先,文书必须体现你很优秀。
无论是简历、推荐信、还是个人陈述,你都需要让招生官在第一时间觉得你很牛,这就跟找工作一样,学校选的都是真正有实力的学生,他们不光看你的考试成绩,综合能力也同样重要。
当然,在写文书体现你很优秀时,应该注意几个要点:
文书不能太夸张,实事求是、恰如其分的点缀反而会起到画龙点睛的作业。
文书里不要反复强调某一方面的优势,而应尽可能体现自己多方面的优势和特点,让招生官从多个方面了解你。
如果你有过人的经历,你可以将你在解决困难时所体现的阅历、努力与奋斗展现出来。
文书既要有深度,又要有广度。
不能过于贬低自己,崇洋媚外在这里并不适用。
其次,文书必须逻辑缜密、言简意赅,且必须有具体事例。我们在写文书时,需要构思出一条明确清晰的文章主线,并贯穿始终,前后呼应,切忌东拉西扯。且文书需要用简练的语言把事情叙述清楚,比如写推荐信时,想言明该学生具有良好的个人品格,但是却不具体说这个人品格好在哪,那这相当于白说,并没有说服力。当我们阐述一件事情时,我们要以一个参与者的身份进行讲解,段与段时间都需要围绕这件事情,重点清晰,逻辑缜密。
再次,文书应该个性鲜明,让人一看就知道那是你,即Personal。每个学生的身上都会有很多闪光点,比如成绩优秀、社会实践多、组织能力强、口才棒等,但招生官每天要看那么多的申请,那有差异的、个性鲜明的文书更能给你加分。而如何让招生官眼前一亮恰巧是你需要着重思考的。
当然,在写之前,你可以先了解一下学校更看重学生的哪些方面,是领导力还是创造力,是成绩还是综合能力,这样,你就可以将自身的特点和学校的专业来凸显你的个性,让招生官以为你不仅学习优秀,还目标明确,且用心书写。你可以让朋友来看你写的文书,如果他们看不出那是你,那你还需要重新修改。
最后,文书还必须诚实,以真实的情感打动人。首先你的简历、成绩不能虚构。其次,你对事物的看法应尽量真实,这样更能凸显你个性的一面。精神永远是大于语言本身的,如果你只有华丽的外表而无真才实干,那也仅仅是一个空盒子而已。
优秀文书案例
最后,我们当然要来欣赏一下这位被13所美国顶级名校同时录取的萧靖彤同学的文书啦:
In our house, English is not English. Not in the phonetic sense, like short a is for apple, but rather inthe pronunciation – in our house, snake is snack. Words do not roll off ourtongues correctly – yet I, who was pulled out of class to meet with languagespecialists, and my mother from Malaysia, who pronounces film as flim,understand each other perfectly.
Inour house, there is no difference between cast and cash, which was why at achurch retreat, people made fun of me for “cashing out demons.” I did notrealize the glaring difference between the two Englishes until my teachercorrected my pronunciations of hammock, ladle, and siphon. Classmates laughedbecause I pronounce accept as except, success as sussess. I was in the CreativeWriting conservatory, and yet words failed me when I needed them most.
Suddenly,understanding flower is flour wasn’t enough. I rejected the English that hadnever seemed broken before, a language that had raised me and taught meeverything I knew. Everybody else’s parents spoke with accents smarting ofPh.D.s and university teaching positions. So why couldn’t mine?
Mymother spread her sunbaked hands and said, “This is where I came from,”spinning a tale with the English she had taught herself.
Whenmy mother moved from her village to a town in Malaysia, she had to learn abrand new language in middle school: English. In a time when humiliation wasencouraged, my mother was defenseless against the cruel words spewing from theteacher, who criticized her paper in front of the class. When she began to cry,the class president stood up and said, “That’s enough.”
“Belike that class president,” my mother said with tears in her eyes. The classpresident took her under her wing and patiently mended my mother’s strands oflanguage. “She stood up for the weak and used her words to fight back.”
Wewere both crying now. My mother asked me to teach her proper English so oldwhite ladies at Target wouldn’t laugh at her pronunciation. It has not beeneasy. There is a measure of guilt when I sew her letters together. Long vowels,double consonants — I am still learning myself. Sometimes I let the brokennessslide to spare her pride but perhaps I have hurt her more to spare mine.
Asmy mother’s vocabulary began to grow, I mended my own English. Throughperforming poetry in front of 3000 at my school’s Season Finale event,interviewing people from all walks of life, and writing stories for the stage,I stand against ignorance and become a voice for the homeless, the refugees,the ignored. With my words I fight against jeers pelted at an old Asian streetperformer on a New York subway. My mother’s eyes are reflected inunderprivileged ESL children who have so many stories to tell but do not knowhow. I fill them with words as they take needle and thread to make a tapestry.
Inour house, there is beauty in the way we speak to each other. In our house,language is not broken but rather bursting with emotion. We have built a houseout of words. There are friendly snakes in the cupboard and snacks in the tank.It is a crooked house. It is a little messy. But this is where we have made ourhome.
文书的书写,你学会了吗?