㈠ 条带化


ASM的条带化有两种:coarse和fine-gained

AU是最小空间分配单元,缺省是1M,每个AU缺省由8个128K条带空间组成。

在coarse条带化中,一个磁盘对应一个AU

所以该条带化适合连续的I/O读写,比如全表扫描表

在fine-gained条带化里,一个AU中的8个128K条带空间,平均打散在磁盘上

也就是说,4个磁盘,1个AU是平均分布在4个磁盘,每个磁盘2个128K

适合于对数据读写延迟比较敏感的文件。如redo日志,控制文件,spfile等



㈡ 重平衡


从diskgroup中添加或删除disk时候,将触发RBAL进程创建rebalance计划、计算时间开销

而后、发消息给ARBn进程(ASM Reblance)处理该请求

ARBn进程对每个extents进行locked, relocated和unlocked操作,执行过程中可以参考v$asm_operation视图

ARBn进程的数量由参数ASM_POWER_LIMIT决定

COD (Continuting Operation Directory)用于记录rebalances情况

如果rebalance失败,在重启instance时候,将从COD读取记录,重新启动rebalance

注意事项:

① rebalance仅仅在diskgroup发生改变时候才进行的,并不是定时执行

如果rebalance执行过程中,server宕机,重启后会自动进行rebalance


② 每个disk的大小必须是相同,如果存在一个小盘,因为rebalance将对每个盘的分配相同比例的空间,可能造成rebalance时候空间不足

如果执行过程中,空闲空间不足,造成rebalance失败,将出现ORA-15041错误,需要再添加disk

如果需要频繁添加disk,每一次都可能造成数据的频繁移动,为提高效率,最好批量添加

如果磁盘大小一样,仍然没有进行rebalance,需要查看asm_power_limit

OCP题库有道题:


16. Immediately after adding a new disk to or removing an existing disk from an Automatic Storage Management (ASM) instance,

you find that the performance of the database decreases initially, until the addition or removal process is completed.

Performance then gradually returns to normal levels.

Which two activities could you perform to maintain a consistent performance of the database while adding or removing disks? (Choose two.)



A. increase the number of checkpoint processes


B. define the POWER option while adding or removing the disks


C. increase the number of DBWR processes by setting up a higher value for DB_WRITER_PROCESSES


D. increase the number of slave database writer processes by setting up a higher value for DBWR_IO_SLAVES


E. increase the number of ASM Rebalance processes by setting upa higher value for ASM_POWER_LIMIT during the disk addition or removal


Answer: B, E

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