转自：http://qiankanglai.me/2015/01/19/unity-bump-map/
它要做的事情其实很简单：最普通的Bump Map只是在顶点处沿着法向量做一个位移，但法向量是保持不变，这样导致的结果就是和新的Mesh对不上了~论文提出了一个方法，通过屏幕空间的手法近似做一个法向量扰动，使得效果更加逼真。对比图见下：左边是只修改pos；右边是同时修改pos和normal。
这个东西很适合拿来做雪地脚印的简单交互~不得不吐槽，一开始我试图用surface shader实现，但是始终没法将最终的worldNormal转回tangent space，因为直接写回o.Normal就全乱套了……
BumpMap.shaderview raw
Shader "Kanglai/BumpTest" {
Properties {
_MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
_BumpMap ("Bump (R)", 2D) = "black" {}
_BumpScale ("Bump Scale", Range(-0.3, 0.3)) = 0.01
}
SubShader {
Pass {
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#pragma glsl
#pragma target 3.0
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
sampler2D _MainTex, _BumpMap;
float _BumpScale;
struct v2f{
float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
float4 tex : TEXCOORD0;
float4 wpos : TEXCOORD1;
float3 normal : TEXCOORD2;
};
float3 perturbNormalArb( float3 surf_pos, float3 surf_norm, float2 dHdxy ) {
float3 vSigmaX = ddx( surf_pos );
float3 vSigmaY = ddy( surf_pos );
float3 vN = surf_norm; // normalized
float3 R1 = cross( vSigmaY, vN );
float3 R2 = cross( vN, vSigmaX );
float fDet = dot( vSigmaX, R1 );
float3 vGrad = sign( fDet ) * ( dHdxy.x * R1 + dHdxy.y * R2 );
return normalize( abs( fDet ) * surf_norm - vGrad );
}
v2f vert(appdata_base i){
v2f o;
o.normal = mul ((float3x3)UNITY_MATRIX_IT_MV, i.normal);
float _Amount = tex2D (_BumpMap, i.texcoord.xy).r * _BumpScale;
o.wpos = mul (UNITY_MATRIX_MV, i.vertex);
o.wpos.xyz += o.normal * _Amount;
o.pos = mul (UNITY_MATRIX_P, o.wpos);
o.tex = i.texcoord;
return o;
}
float4 frag(v2f i) : COLOR {
float3 albedo = tex2D(_MainTex, i.tex.xy);
float2 TexDx = ddx(i.tex.xy);
float2 TexDy = ddy(i.tex.xy);
float Hll = tex2D(_BumpMap, i.tex.xy).x;
float Hlr = tex2D(_BumpMap, i.tex.xy + TexDx).x;
float Hul = tex2D(_BumpMap, i.tex.xy + TexDy).x;
float dBs = (Hlr - Hll) * _BumpScale ;
float dBt = (Hul - Hll) * _BumpScale ;
i.normal = perturbNormalArb(i.wpos, i.normal, float2(dBs, dBt));
#ifndef USING_DIRECTIONAL_LIGHT
float3 lightDir = _WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz - i.wpos;
#else
float3 lightDir = _WorldSpaceLightPos0.xyz;
#endif
float diff = max (0, dot (i.normal, normalize(lightDir)));
return float4(albedo * diff, 1.0);
}
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack "Diffuse"
}