【文献解读】Nature Plants|Inducible overexpression of Ideal Plant Architecture1 improves both yield and...

【文献解读】Nature Plants|Inducible overexpression of Ideal Plant Architecture1 improves both yield and..._第1张图片

背景:

1.bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonasoryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)

白叶枯病:水稻白叶枯病-为害植株症状整个生育期均可受害,苗期、分蘖期受害最重,叶片最易染病。主要为害叶片,严重时也为害叶鞘,初起在叶缘产生半透明黄色小斑,以后沿叶缘一侧或两侧或沿中脉发展成波纹状的黄绿或灰绿色病斑;病部与健部分界线明显;数日后病斑转为灰白色,并向内卷曲,远望一片枯槁色,故称白叶枯病。


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2.miRNA156是植物中保守的一类microRNA,其靶基因SPL家族编码含有SBP-box结构域的转录因子。

3. IPA1(OsSPL14)参与调控水稻多个生长发育过程。适度上调IPA1可以减少水稻的无效分蘖,同时增加穗分支,增强秸秆的强度,最终增加单位面积上的产量。

4.Several recent studies showed that GAdeficiency can increase resistance in rice by regulating the salicylic acid andJA pathways.

结果:

1. miR-156 :负调控

2. IPA1和OsSPL7与赤霉素抑制因子SLR1互作,延缓了赤霉素诱导的SLR1降解。在IPA1过表达水稻中,赤霉素失活的酶EUI1上调表达,进而降低了赤霉素含量。以上两个方面的原因导致SLR1的累积,最终使IPA1过表达水稻的赤霉素敏感性下降。遗传学分析发现提高赤霉素活性可以部分恢复IPA1过表达水稻的感病性与发育表型。

3. 用白叶枯病菌TALE类效应因子诱导表达的OsHEN1的启动子启动IPA1,获得转基因水稻OsHEN1::IPA1(HIP)。在没有病原菌侵染时,微量上调IPA1的表达量,表现为少蘖,大穗,茎粗等表型,最终提高了产量。当有白叶枯病侵染时,IPA1被强烈诱导表达,增强抗病性,在白叶枯病侵染时,HIP转基因水稻也能高产。


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日积月累:

Reallocate v. 重新分配;再指派

Sophisticated [sə'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd] adj.复杂的;精致的;久经世故的;富有经验的

v. 使变得世故;使迷惑;篡改(sophisticate的过去分词形式)

pyramid ['pɪrəmɪd] n.金字塔;角锥体vi. 渐增;上涨;成金字塔状

vt. 使…渐增;使…上涨;使…成金字塔状

auxin n. [生化] 植物生长素;植物激素

mutually ['mjutʃuəli]  adv.互相地;互助

antagonistic  [æn,tæɡə'nɪstɪk] adj. 敌对的;对抗性的;反对的

agronomic  [,ægrə'nɑmɪk] adj. 农事的;农艺学的

perturb [pɚ'tɝb] vt.扰乱;使…混乱;使…心绪不宁

spikelet  ['spaɪklɛt]  n.小穗;小穗状花

dormancy ['dɔrmənsi]  n. [生物] 休眠,冬眠;[生物] 蛰伏

offspring  n.后代,子孙;产物

transcription factor Broad-SpectrumResistance-Digu 1 (Bsrd1) mediates durable and broad-spectrum resistanceagainst blast disease without reducing yield

1.Thus,simultaneously increasing disease resistance and yield potential is a challengein crop breeding.

2.When attacked by pathogens,plants mustreallocate energy from growth to defence,resulting ina fitness penalty.

3.Although non-cultivatedplants in nature have evolvedsophisticated mechanismsto optimize the trade-off between growth and defence,crop plants have been selected for based on yield-related traits.

4.The pyramiding of R genes

can generate multiple-race resistance but can result in significant growth

defects.(R基因的聚合可以产生多种抗性,但可能导致显着的生长缺陷)

5.In the arms race between plants and pathogens, miRNAs play an importantrole.

参考:

http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzUzNzczODE4Mg==&mid=2247488075&idx=2&sn=33c3b6c38bc4d60cfbb683df75fe3ca2&chksm=fae33ce2cd94b5f4a09f8440456661d0aae847b88d6a35ac0c5fe8c55af878b5027b8d4104aa&mpshare=1&scene=23&srcid=080192j2sKBoEdnXkMx3SqRg&sharer_sharetime=1564631550676&sharer_shareid=a803f34413a2a8a1f6337eb6e544cc14#rd

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