一般现在时
BE动词
I am late.
He/She/It is late.
We/You/They are late.
Am I late? Yes, I am./ No, I'm not.
Is he/she/it late? Yes, he/she/it is. || No, he/she/it isn't.
Are we/you/they late? Yes, we/you/they are. || No, we/you/they aren't.
注意：肯定回答（yes）回答不用缩写，而否定回答（No）常用缩写；
Is your house near here?
Yes, it is.
注意：回答用代词，不用原来的名词。
其它动词
I live here.
He/She/It lives here.
We/You/They live here.
提问：
Do you live here? Yes, I do./ No, I don't.
Does he/she/it live here? Yes, he/she/it do./ No, he/she/it don't.
Do we/you/they live here? Yes, we/you/they do./ No, we/you/they don't
How long do you live here?
How long does he/she/it live here？
How long do we/you/they live here?
How often do we/you/they climb the mountain? Once a week!
How often does he/she/it climb the mountain?
现在进行
I am taking a shower.
He/She/It is taking a shower.
We/You/They are taking a shower.
完成时-have got
I/We/You/They've (have) got a brother.
He/She/It's (has) got a brother.
注意：I have a brother.也是语法正确，I've got a brother. 听起来更自然。I got a house. 从语法角度看是错误的
疑问：
Have I/we/you/they got a house?
Has he/she/it got a car?
回答：
Yes, I/we/you/they have.
Yes, he/she/it has.
No, I/we/you/they haven't.（注意：否定用缩写）
No, he/she/it hasn't.
提问：
Which plan have you choosed?
What kind of car have you got?
What colour jacket have you got?（注意是单数）
How many apples have you eat?（注意是复数）
我们使用have got:
1.表示所有权；She hasn't got a money.
2.谈论家庭朋友; I haven't got any friends.
3.描述某人长相；Carol's (has) got brown eyes.
4.谈论生病；She hasn't got a headache anymore.
一般过去时
be过去时，表示发生在过去的事情或情况，通常与表示过去时间状语连用。
例：I was a boy ten years ago.
Where were you yesterday?
We didn't eat anything. （注意：在助动词接动词原型）
Did you go to the cinema yesterday?（注意：在助动词接动词原型）
动词过去式用来表示发生在过去的事情。
I started to learn English last year.
When did you start to learn English?
How did you learn English last year?
Why did you learn English last year?
过去进行时
使用was/were+-ing形式来表示过去进行时，过去进行时用来表示：
1.在过去某个时刻或时段，事情正在发生；He was waiting someone at 19:20.
2.某事发生时，另一件事现在同时；She was watching the TV show when I arrived home yesterday.
3.描述某人正在做的事情，直到另一个事情中止或打断他。Sam was playing basketball when he hurt his arm.
过去时与过去进行时的比较
过去时：描述过去一个或多个已完成动作，如：She bought a box of milk yesterday.
过去进行时：描述在某时刻（或某时刻前后）的一个未完成的动作。She were travelling to the airport at 6 o'clock.
过去时：描述一个动作发生在另一个动作后。She went out and bought some food.
过去进行时：描述正在进行的动作，当另一件事情发生。She was drying her hair While I was typing.
- When/While的区别：When和While都可以用在过去进行时中，但while不用在过去式中，如：
The post came when/while I was having my breakfast.（对）
While the post came, I was having my breakfast.*（错）
When The post came, I was having my breakfast.（对）
- used to （是use to的过去式）表过去常常做，现在不做，是情态词，后面接动词原型。
1.过去常做而现在不做的事情。
I used to like to drink when I was younger.
2.过去我们做某事的频率。
We used to go for a run once a week.
3.过去的情况与现在不同。
My parents didn't use to live in the city.
used to与一般过去时的区别：
1.过去时表示发生在过去的单个一次性动作，used to表示发生在过去，常常做的事情。
I had a terrible dream last night.（对）
I used to have a terrible dream last night.（错）
2.使用for表示过去一段时间发生的事情时用过去式，而不用used to.
I was in army for two years.（对）
I used to be in the army for two years.（错）