mac开发系列29:for in遍历NSMutableArray隐藏的crash

今天遇到一枚crash，主要错误信息如下：

        reason: '*** Collection <__NSArrayM: xxxxxxxx> was mutated while being enumerated.'

大致意思是，集合在枚举时被修改了。于是谷歌一把，发现出错的代码大多形如：

      for(item in array) { //难道这里的array用的不是下面修改后的实时array?
           if(condition) { 
              [array removeObject:xxx]; 
        }
      }

自己的代码确实有这样的实现，问题是为啥会crash呢？难道for in循环中用的不是实时修改后的array？不能死得不明不白呀！我们知道，oc的底层实现是c，所以看看for in在c层面究竟干了什么，编辑一个demo.m如下：

    #import 
      int main() { 
      NSMutableArray *arr = @[@"aaa", @"bbb", @"ccc"];
            for (NSString *item in arr) { 
              if([item isEqualToString:@"bbb"]) { 
                    [arr removeObject:item]; 
            }
          } 
          return 0;
      }

接着利用如下命令行，重写demo.m成demo.cpp：

         clang -rewrite-objc demo.m // 把m文件重写成cpp文件

demo.cpp的main函数如下：

     int main() { 
          NSMutableArray *arr = ((NSArray *(*)(Class, SEL, const ObjectType *, NSUInteger))(void *)objc_msgSend)(objc_getClass("NSArray"), sel_registerName("arrayWithObjects:count:"), (const id *)__NSContainer_literal(3U, (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_75_sj4g_8kx5kd0d0wvzlhjrnyr0000gn_T_demo_ccc02e_mi_0, (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_75_sj4g_8kx5kd0d0wvzlhjrnyr0000gn_T_demo_ccc02e_mi_1, (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_75_sj4g_8kx5kd0d0wvzlhjrnyr0000gn_T_demo_ccc02e_mi_2).arr, 3U); 
            { 
                NSString * item;
                struct __objcFastEnumerationState enumState = { 0 };
                id __rw_items[16];
                id l_collection = (id) arr; 
                _WIN_NSUInteger limit =     
                            ((_WIN_NSUInteger (*) (id, SEL, struct __objcFastEnumerationState *, id *, _WIN_NSUInteger))(void *)objc_msgSend)
                    ((id)l_collection,
                    sel_registerName("countByEnumeratingWithState:objects:count:"),
                    &enumState, (id *)__rw_items, (_WIN_NSUInteger)16);
             if (limit) {
       // startMutations保存mutationsPtr的初始值
             unsigned long startMutations = *enumState.mutationsPtr;
             do { 
                      unsigned long counter = 0;
                   do {
      // mutationsPtr有变化，而且没有handler，就crash!!! 
            if (startMutations != *enumState.mutationsPtr)
                objc_enumerationMutation(l_collection); 
            item = (NSString *)enumState.itemsPtr[counter++]; {
        if(((BOOL (*)(id, SEL, NSString *))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)item, sel_registerName("isEqualToString:"), (NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_75_sj4g_8kx5kd0d0wvzlhjrnyr0000gn_T_demo_ccc02e_mi_3)) { 
        ((void (*)(id, SEL, ObjectType))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)arr, sel_registerName("removeObject:"), (id)item); 
    }
 };     
        __continue_label_1: ;       
          } while (counter < limit);    
    } while ((limit = ((_WIN_NSUInteger (*) (id, SEL, struct __objcFastEnumerationState *, id *, _WIN_NSUInteger))(void *)objc_msgSend)     
            ((id)l_collection,  
        sel_registerName("countByEnumeratingWithState:objects:count:"),
    &enumState, (id *)__rw_items, (_WIN_NSUInteger)16)));   
  item = ((NSString *)0);   
  __break_label_1: ;    
  }
     else 
        item = ((NSString *)0); 
  } 
      return 0;
}

可以看到，for in的底层实现是嵌套do while循环。注意到上面绿色标注的那行代码，objc_enumerationMutation和mutationsPtr的官方解释如下：

解决方法主要有两种：
1、copy一个数组，遍历副本，原数组removeObject。
2、利用enumerateObjectsUsingBlock block进行遍历，官方推荐，效率更高。
参考链接：
https://developer.apple.com/reference/foundation/nsfastenumerationstate/1408376-mutationsptr?language=objc
https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/General/Conceptual/DevPedia-CocoaCore/Enumeration.html
http://blog.leichunfeng.com/blog/2016/06/20/objective-c-fast-enumeration-implementation-principle/
https://developer.apple.com/reference/objectivec/1418744-objc_enumerationmutation?language=objc
http://blog.csdn.net/piaodang1234/article/details/11902541