Android网络框架之Retrofit + RxJava + OkHttp

现在Android网络请求大部分已经换成了Retrofit2.0 +RxJava + 0kHttp3.0,Retrofit 使用接口的方式,负责请求的数据和请求的结果,OkHttp 负责请求的过程,RxJava 负责异步,各种线程之间的切换。毫无疑问这三剑客 已成为当前Android 网络请求最流行的方式。

简介

Retrofit: Retrofit是Square 公司开发的一款基于restful风格接口的Android 网络请求的框架,对Okhttp做了一层封装。网络请求还是基于Okhttp,我们只需要通过简单的配置就能使用Retrofit来进行网络请求了。Retrofit官网

RxJava:RxJava 在 GitHub 主页上介绍 "a library for composing asynchronous and event-based programs using observable sequences for the Java VM"(一个在 Java VM 上使用可观测的序列来组成异步的、基于事件的程序的库)。总之,rxjava让异步操作变得非常简单。RxJava

OkHttp: Square 公司开源的网络请求库。 OkHttp

基本使用

HTTP协议中共定义了八种方法或者叫“动作”来表明对Request-URI指定的资源的不同操作方式,分别是OPTIONS、HEAD、GET、POST、PUT、DELETE、TRACE、CONNECT,介绍就省略了。

虽然有这么多种请求方式,但App的接口请求无非就是数据的增删改查,增删改查对应到Restful风格接口上也就是post,delete,put,get四种请求。在Retrofit框架提供的注解中,其中HTTP注解有五个,用来修饰请求方法,除了post,delete,put,get还有一个head。除了这五种网络请求方式外,App无非还会用到retrofit的单文件或者多文件的上传下载,同步请求或者异步请求的处理,还有okhttp数据缓存的问题。

注解 请求方式 用途
@Path GET 用于替换Url路径中的变量字符
@Query GET 用于拼接在Url路径后的查询参数,但相对于直接在Url后拼接,@Query则是添加一个变量
@QueryMap GET 效果等同于多个@Query 参数为Map类型
@FormUrlEncoded/@Field POST @FormUrlEncoded修饰表单域,每个表单域子件key-value采用@Field修饰
@Body POST 可以指定一个对象作为HTTP请求体@Body
@FormUrlEncoded/@Field PUT @FormUrlEncoded修饰表单域,每个表单域子件key-value采用@Field修饰
@HTTP/@Body DELETE @HTTP修饰表单域,以指定一个对象作为HTTP请求体@Body,此时表单域一定要写上hasBody = true
@Multipart/@Part或者@PartMap POST 文件上传使用,@Multipart修饰表单域,参数@Part修饰或者参数使用@PartMap

举例说明

引入依赖
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.2.0'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:2.2.0'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.0.0-beta3'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.4.1'
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1'
compile 'io.reactivex:rxjava:1.1.9'
compile 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:1.2.1'
创建Retrofit对象
public class RetrofitManager {
private static RetrofitManager mRetrofitManager;
private Retrofit mRetrofit;

private RetrofitManager(){
    initRetrofit();
}

public static synchronized RetrofitManager getInstance(){
    
    if (mRetrofitManager == null){
        mRetrofitManager = new RetrofitManager();
    }
    return mRetrofitManager;
}

private void initRetrofit() {
    HttpLoggingInterceptor LoginInterceptor = new HttpLoggingInterceptor();
    LoginInterceptor.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY);

    OkHttpClient.Builder builder = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
    builder.addInterceptor(new RspCheckInterceptor());

    if (AppConfig.DEBUG){
        builder.addInterceptor(LoginInterceptor);
    }

    builder.connectTimeout(15, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    builder.readTimeout(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    builder.writeTimeout(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    builder.retryOnConnectionFailure(true);
    OkHttpClient client = builder.build();

    Gson gson = new GsonBuilder()
            .setDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS'Z'")
            .setExclusionStrategies(new ExclusionStrategy() {
                                        @Override
                                        public boolean shouldSkipField(FieldAttributes f) {
                                            return false;
                                        }

                                        @Override
                                        public boolean shouldSkipClass(Class clazz) {
                                            return false;
                                        }
                                    })
            .create();

    mRetrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
            .baseUrl(AppConfig.BASE_URL)
            .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create(gson))
            .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
            .client(client)
            .build();
}

public  T createReq(Class reqServer){
    return mRetrofit.create(reqServer);
}
}
创建访问API的请求
 /**
 * 添加标签
 *
 * @param supplier_id
 * @param staff_id
 * @param name
 * @param type
 * @return
 */
@FormUrlEncoded
@POST("memberservice/addMemberTag/suppliers/{supplier_id}/operator/{staff_id}")
Observable addMemberTag(@Path("supplier_id") String supplier_id,
                                      @Path("staff_id") String staff_id,
                                      @Field("name") String name, @Field("type") String type, @Field("timestamp") String timestamp);

/**
 * 删除标签(注意一定要写hasBody = true,否则delete不能使用body参数请求)
 *
 * @param supplier_id
 * @param operator_id
 * @return
 */
@HTTP(method = "DELETE", path = "memberservice/delMemberTag/suppliers/{supplier_id}/operator/{operator_id}", hasBody = true)
Observable deletMemberTag(@Path("supplier_id") String supplier_id,
                                        @Path("operator_id") String operator_id,
                                        @Body RequestBody content);


/**
 * 修改标签
 *
 * @param supplier_id
 * @param operator_id
 * @param map
 * @return
 */
@FormUrlEncoded
@PUT("memberservice/updateMemberTag/suppliers/{supplier_id}/operator/{operator_id}")
Observable updateMemberTag(@Path("supplier_id") String supplier_id,
                                         @Path("operator_id") String operator_id,
                                         @FieldMap Map map);


/**
 * 查询标签
 *
 * @param supplier_id
 * @param staff_id
 * @return
 */
@GET("memberservice/queryStaffTag/suppliers/{supplier_id}/operator/{staff_id}")
Observable> queryMemberTag(@Path("supplier_id") String supplier_id,
                                                  @Path("staff_id") String staff_id,
                                                  @Query("timestamp") String timestamp);
}
发送请求以及处理结果
  RetrofitManager.getInstance().createReq(Api.class).addMemberTag(supply_id, staff_id, data, "2", getTime()).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                            .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                            .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                            .subscribe(new Subscriber() {
                                @Override
                                public void onCompleted() {

                                }

                                @Override
                                public void onError(Throwable e) {

                                      //处理请求失败的操作
                                }

                                @Override
                                public void onNext(BaseResponse baseResponse) {
                                    
                                    //处理成功后的结果
                                }

                            });
多图以及单图上传
方法一:
@Multipart
@POST("suppliers/{supplier_id}/staff/{staff_id}/meeting/{meeting_id}/upload")
Observable uploadePics(
        @Path("supplier_id")String supplier_id,@Path("staff_id")String staff_id,
        @Path("meeting_id")String meeting_id,@Part List partList);


     MultipartBody.Builder builder = new MultipartBody.Builder()
                                .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)//表单类型 
                                .addFormDataPart("summary_position", formatted_address); //地理位置

                        //单张或者多张
                        for (int i = 0; i < listString.size(); i++) {
                            File file = new File(listString.get(i));
                            RequestBody imageBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);
                            builder.addFormDataPart("summary_pics[]", file.getName(), imageBody);
                        }

                        List parts = builder.build().parts();

                     RetrofitManager2.getInstance().createReq(PhpApi.class).uploadePics(
                                supplier_id,staff_id,meeting_id,parts)
                                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                                .subscribe(new Subscriber() {
                                    @Override
                                    public void onCompleted() {

                                    }

                                    @Override
                                    public void onError(Throwable e) {

                                    }

                                    @Override
                                    public void onNext(BaseResponse baseResponse) {

                                    }
                                });
方法二:
Observable uploadePics2(
        @Path("supplier_id")String supplier_id,@Path("staff_id")String staff_id,
        @Path("meeting_id")String meeting_id,
        @PartMap Map params);

                        //单张或多张图片
                        Listfiles = new ArrayList();
                        for (int i = 0; i < listString.size(); i++) {
                            File file = new File(listString.get(i));
                            files.add(file);
                        }

                        //组装partMap对象
                        Map partMap = new HashMap<>();
                        for(File file : files ){
                            RequestBody fileBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/*"), file);
                            partMap.put("summary_pics[]\"; filename=\""+file.getName()+"\"", fileBody);
                        }
                        RequestBody formatted_addressString = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"), formatted_address);
                        partMap.put("summary_position" , formatted_addressString);


                        RetrofitManager2.getInstance().createReq(PhpApi.class).uploadePics2(
                                supplier_id,staff_id,meeting_id,partMap)
                                .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                                .subscribe(new Subscriber() {
                                    @Override
                                    public void onCompleted() {

                                    }

                                    @Override
                                    public void onError(Throwable e) {

                                    }

                                    @Override
                                    public void onNext(BaseResponse baseResponse) {

                                    }
                                });

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