Android View (4) View的绘制过程

本系列文章循序渐进的学习Android View的使用和核心源码分析。
Android View (1) View的树形结构和坐标计算
Android View (2) View的加载过程
Android View (3) View LayoutInflater 源码分析
Android View (4) View的绘制过程

View 的绘制过程

Android 中我们经常使用的布局(LinearLayout),控件(Button、TextView、ImageView)等都是直接或间接的继承自View的,View的绘制过程是怎样的,如何按照我们的设置,显示在界面上的呢?接下来从源码角度分析 View 的三个过程:OnMeasure()、OnLayout()、OnDraw(),揭开其神秘的面纱。

1. OnMeasure()

View 的绘制在 ViewRootImpl 中的 performTraversals() 方法,在其内部调用
performMeasure() 方法中的 mView.measure 方法。如下:

  private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
2405        if (mView == null) {
2406            return;
2407        }
2408        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
2409        try {
2410            mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
2411        } finally {
2412            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
2413        }
2414    }

measure 方法有两个参数,分别是宽高的测量规则,首先分析 MeasureSpec

MeasureSpec理解

MeasureSpec封装了从父容器传递给子容器的布局要求,通过父View的MeasureSpec和子View的LayoutParams共同计算出的测量规则。MeasureSpec由32位的int型,高两位是mode,后面的30位是size。

MeasureSpec三种模式:

AT_MOST

Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up to the specified size.(父容器对子容器设置了大小,子容器可以是声明大小内的任意大小)
Constant Value: -2147483648 (0x80000000)

EXACTLY

Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless of how big it wants to be.(父容器对子容器设置了大小,子容器应遵循设定的边界)
Constant Value: 1073741824 (0x40000000)

UNSPECIFIED

Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.(父容器对子容器没有大小限制)
Constant Value: 0 (0x00000000)

理解三种模式我们通过分析 ViewGroup 中的 getChildMeasureSpec() 方法结合
MATCH_PARENT 和 WRAP_CONTENT 进行分析。

  /**
     * @param spec 父View的MeasureSpec 
     * @param padding 子View的MeasureSpec的size (父View的大小-(父View的Padding+子View的Margin))
     * @param childDimension 子View内部LayoutParams属性,或者一个精确值
     * @return a MeasureSpec integer for the child
     */
   public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);//父view的specMode
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);//父view的specSize

        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);//子view的size
        int resultSize = 0;//子view的specSize(临时变量)
        int resultMode = 0;//子view的specMode(临时变量)

        switch (specMode) {
        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us (父view的exact模式)
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
             //子view的LayoutParams属性是一个精确值 如20dp
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            //子view的LayoutParams属性是MATCH_PARENT (父view的大小)
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            //子view的LayoutParams属性是WRAP_CONTENT(不确定大小)
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
               
                resultSize = size;
               //子view的specMode 发生变化 不能大于父view的边界
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us(父view的at_most模式)
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                //子view的specMode发生变化 遵循父view的大小
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be(父view的unpsecified模式)
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                //子view的specMode发生变化 遵循父view的大小
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            }
            break;
        }
        //noinspection ResourceType(生成自view的MeasureSpec)
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    }

通过上面的代码可以看出

  • 如果父view的specMode是 eactly ,说明父view的值是确定的,子view不管如何,都不能超过父view的值。
  • 如果父view的specMode是 at_most,说明父view的最大值是确定的,子view不管如何,都不能超过父view的最大边界值。
  • 如果父view的specMode的unspecified ,说明父view的大小是不确定的,子view如果是确定的,子view的specMode就是eactly,其他情况都是unspecified。

OnMeasure理解

在measure中通过onMeasure()方法去实现具体的绘制过程,可以自定义,我们看看View的默认实现过程。

 protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }

通过setMeasuredDimension测量view的宽高,这个方法只能在onMeasure()中调用,里面有三个方法:getDefaultSize()、getSuggestWidth()和getSuggestHeight()

  //根据size和measureSpec确定 子view的size
    public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }
  //根据mMinWidth和mBackground确定size
   protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
    }
 //根据mMinHeight 和mBackground确定size
    protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());

    }
   

从方法的命名我们就基本知道每个方法的作用。这样onMeasure的默认绘制过程就结束了。

2. OnLayout()

View 的绘制在 ViewRootImpl 中的 performTraversals() 方法,在其内部调用
performMeasure() 方法中的 mView.measure 方法执行完绘制后,会接着调用performLayout()方法中的host.layout()方法。如下:

     private void performLayout(WindowManager.LayoutParams lp, int desiredWindowWidth,
2468            int desiredWindowHeight) {
2469        //...省略部分代码
2482        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "layout");
2483        try {
                    //执行layout方法
2484            host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
2485        //...省略部分代码
2538        } finally {
2539            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
2540        }
2541        mInLayout = false;
2542    }

layout()方法接收四个参数,分别代表着左、上、右、下的坐标,这个是相对坐标,将测量出来的宽和高传入layout中,接下来我们看layout方法,如下:

public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        //确定当前视图大小是否发生变化,如果有变化需要执行重绘操作
        if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT) != 0) {
            onMeasure(mOldWidthMeasureSpec, mOldHeightMeasureSpec);
            mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
        }

        int oldL = mLeft;
        int oldT = mTop;
        int oldB = mBottom;
        int oldR = mRight;
        //判断位置是否发生变化相对于父view, setFrame()方法是具体用来完成给View分配尺寸以及位置工作
        boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
                setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);

        if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
            //执行onLayout进行重新绘制布局
            onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);

            if (shouldDrawRoundScrollbar()) {
                if(mRoundScrollbarRenderer == null) {
                    mRoundScrollbarRenderer = new RoundScrollbarRenderer(this);
                }
            } else {
                mRoundScrollbarRenderer = null;
            }

            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;

            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) {
                ArrayList listenersCopy =
                        (ArrayList)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
                int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) {
                    //向View中添加多个Layout发生变化的事件监听器
                    listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
                }
            }
        }

        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
        mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_IS_LAID_OUT;
        //移除 mPrivateFlags3 标志位
        if ((mPrivateFlags3 & PFLAG3_NOTIFY_AUTOFILL_ENTER_ON_LAYOUT) != 0) {
            mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_NOTIFY_AUTOFILL_ENTER_ON_LAYOUT;
            notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(true);
        }
    }

通过onLayout 绘制布局,在具体的子view中根据不同的功能去布局。如LinearLayout:

  @Override
    protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
            //垂直布局 具体就不分析了
            layoutVertical(l, t, r, b);
        } else {
            //横向布局 具体就不分析了
            layoutHorizontal(l, t, r, b);
        }
    }

最后measure和layout执行完,我们需要确定两个值生成的顺序measureWidth、width:

  • getMeasureWidth() :通过setMeasuredDimension()计算,在measure完成后获得
  • getWidth() : 通过layout方法中左右坐标相减计算,在layout完成后获得
    这样onLayout就分析完成了。

3. onDraw理解

View 的绘制在 ViewRootImpl 中的 performTraversals() 方法,在其内部调用
performMeasure() 方法中的 mView.measure 方法执行完绘制后,会接着调用performLayout()方法中的host.layout()方法,最后调用performDraw()方法,在其内部调用draw()方法,draw()中调用drawSoftware()方法,然后再drawSoftware中执行mView.draw()方法。如下:

 private void performDraw() {
                //...省略代码
2793        try {
            //调用draw
2794            draw(fullRedrawNeeded);
2795        } finally {
2796            mIsDrawing = false;
2797            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
2798        }
                 //...省略代码
2841    }
 private void performDraw() {
2782         //...省略代码
2944        if (!dirty.isEmpty() || mIsAnimating || accessibilityFocusDirty) {
2980                mAttachInfo.mThreadedRenderer.draw(mView, mAttachInfo, this);
2981            } else {
3006                //调用drawSoftware
3007                if (!drawSoftware(surface, mAttachInfo, xOffset, yOffset, scalingRequired, dirty)) {
3008                    return;
3009                }
3010            }
3011        }
              //...省略代码
3017    }
private boolean drawSoftware(Surface surface, AttachInfo attachInfo, int xoff, int yoff,
3023            boolean scalingRequired, Rect dirty) {
                     //...省略代码
3085            try {
3092                //调用view的draw
3093                mView.draw(canvas);
3095                drawAccessibilityFocusedDrawableIfNeeded(canvas);
3096            } finally {
3097                if (!attachInfo.mSetIgnoreDirtyState) {
3098                    // Only clear the flag if it was not set during the mView.draw() call
3099                    attachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState = false;
3100                }
3101            }
                    //...省略代码
3116        return true;
3117    }

经过复杂的各种判断逻辑,终于到了view的draw方法,draw的源码也比较多 如下:

 public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
        /*
         * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
         * in the appropriate order:(绘制步骤)
         *
         *      1. Draw the background (绘制背景)
         *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading (如果需要保持绘制图层)
         *      3. Draw view's content (绘制内容)
         *      4. Draw children (绘制子视图)
         *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers(如果需要还原绘制图层)
         *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance) (绘制滚动条)
         */

        // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
        int saveCount;
        if (!dirtyOpaque) {
            drawBackground(canvas);
        }

        // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)(一般情况)
        final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
        boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
        boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
        if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
            // Step 3, draw the content 绘制内容在onDraw()中实现
            if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);

            // Step 4, draw the children
            dispatchDraw(canvas);

            drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);

            // Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
            if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
                mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
            }

            // Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
            onDrawForeground(canvas);

            // Step 7, draw the default focus highlight
            drawDefaultFocusHighlight(canvas);

            if (debugDraw()) {
                debugDrawFocus(canvas);
            }

            // we're done...
            return;
        }

        /*
         * Here we do the full fledged routine...
         * (this is an uncommon case where speed matters less,
         * this is why we repeat some of the tests that have been
         * done above)(不常见的情况 效率低)
         */
          //...省略代码
    }

接下来我们看onDraw()方法,onDraw()方法也是在具体的子view中绘制的,我们也看看LinearLayout的onDraw:

    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        if (mDivider == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {
            //绘制垂直内容 具体代码省略
            drawDividersVertical(canvas);
        } else {
            //绘制横向内容  具体代码省略
            drawDividersHorizontal(canvas);
        }
    }

onDraw 方法中主要是通过 canvas画布和paint来绘制不同的效果,这里我们就分析完整个view的绘制过程了,具体的常见绘制将在后续的自定义view中详细的学习。

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