2、mysql编译安装


2.1前言:

此文档介绍的是cmake编译安装的方式;

二进制的安装方式在linux运维_集群_01中有详细的安装说明(已经编译完成,进行初始操作即可)

初始化操作时需要对编译好的mysql进行一下备份,防止初始化错误而出现问题,导致需要重新编译mysql;

1、原始的编译方式编译:

在当下的互联网企业中,./configure 编译安装的方法已经很少使用了,原因是第一条产品线的产品(MySQL5.2.xx及以前的产品系列)用得

越来越少了,被第二条产品线(MySQL5.4.xx及以后的产品系列)的产品逐渐替代了,因此,不建议读者再使用第一条产品线的产品作为对外的业务库。

tar -zxf mysql-5.1.73.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.1.73

./configure \

--prefix=/application/mysql5.1.73 \

--with-unix-socket-path=/application/mysql5.1.73/tmp/mysql.sock \

--localstatedir=/application/mysql5.1.73/data \

--enable-assembler \

--enable-thread-safe-client \

--with-mysqld-user=mysql \

--with-big-tables \

--without-debug \

--with-pthread \

--enable-assembler \

--with-extra-charsets=complex \

--with-readline \

--with-ssl \

--with-embedded-server \

--enable-local-infile \

--with-plugins=partition,innobase \

--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \

--with-client-ldflags=-all-static

make

make install

ln -s/application/mysql-5.1.73/ /application/mysql

安装到这里,MySQL数据库还不能正常启动使用,还需要进行初始化数据库等工作;

2、为什么使用cmake编译源码:

cmake编译工作可以在另一个指定的目录中而非源码目录中进行,源码目录不受任何一次编译的影响,

因此在同一个源码树上可以进行多次不同的编译,如针对于不同平台编译,可以跨平台的编译器。

考虑到MySQL5.4.xx及以后系列产品的特殊性,其编译方式和早期的第一条产品线的有所不同,这里采用cmake或gmake方式的编译安装;

2.2、查看系统内核和版本:

[root@backup ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-754.3.5.el6.x86_64

[root@backup ~]# uname -m

x86_64

2.3、上传cmake和mysql软件包:

[root@backup ~]# mkdir /root/tools/ -p

[root@backup ~]# cd tools

[root@backup tools]# rz -y

rz waiting to receive.

Starting zmodem transfer. Press Ctrl+C to cancel.

Transferring cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz...

100% 5558 KB 5558 KB/sec 00:00:01 0 Errors

Transferring mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz...

100% 24019 KB 12009 KB/sec 00:00:02 0 Errors

[root@backup tools]# tar -xzf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz

[root@backup tools]# tar -xzf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz

2.4、编译安装cmake:

[root@backup tools]# cd cmake-2.8.8

[root@backup cmake-2.8.8]# ./configure

CMake has bootstrapped. Now run gmake.

[root@backup cmake-2.8.8]# gmake

[100%] Built target foo

[root@backup cmake-2.8.8]# echo $?

0

[root@backup cmake-2.8.8]# gmake install

-- Installing: /usr/local/share/aclocal/cmake.m4

2.5、安装mysql相关依赖包:

[root@backup cmake-2.8.8]# yum install ncurses-devel -y

[root@backup cmake-2.8.8]# rpm -qa ncurses-devel

ncurses-devel-5.7-4.20090207.el6.x86_64

2.5、编译安装mysql:

创建软件安装的目录:

[root@backup ~]# mkdir /application -p

1、创建虚拟用户mysql用户和mysql组:

[root@backup ~]# groupadd mysql

[root@backup ~]# useradd mysql -Ms /sbin/nologin -g mysql

2、配置参数:

[root@backup cmake-2.8.8]# cd ../mysql-5.5.32

[root@backup mysql-5.5.32]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.6.34 \

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.6.34/data \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.6.34/tmp/mysql.sock \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \

-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \

-DWITH_SSL=bundled \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \

-DWITH_READLINE=1 \

-DWITH_DEBUG=0


-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_GCC_ATOMIC_BUILTINS - Success

-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_ATOMIC_PTHREAD_T_GCC

-- Performing Test HAVE_IB_ATOMIC_PTHREAD_T_GCC - Success

-- Check size of pthread_t

-- Check size of pthread_t - done

-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED

-- Performing Test HAVE_PEERCRED - Success

-- Configuring done

-- Generating done

-- Build files have been written to: /root/tools/mysql-5.5.32

[root@backup mysql-5.5.32]# echo $?

0

4、编译:

[root@backup mysql-5.5.32]# make

[root@backup mysql-5.5.32]# echo $?

0

5、安装:

[root@backup mysql-5.5.32]# make install

[root@backup mysql-5.5.32]# echo $?

0

6、配置软件的属主和属组:

[root@backup application]# ln -s mysql-5.6.34 mysql

[root@backup application]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/

7、选择配置文件:

#测试环境可以选择my-small.cnf,生产环境根据硬件的需求选择,列如:my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

[root@backup application]# cp mysql/support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp:是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"? y

8、修改/tmp/目录的权限:

[root@backup application]# chmod 1777 /tmp

[root@backup application]# ls -ld /tmp

drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 4096 2月 15 11:05 /tmp

9、初始化mysql:

[root@backup application]# cd mysql/scripts/

#如果mysql初始化有问题,可以删除/application/mysql/data/*下面的所有内容,然后初始化即可;

[root@backup scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql

Installing MySQL system tables...

OK

Filling help tables...

OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy

support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system


PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !

To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'

/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h backup password 'new-password'


Alternatively you can run:

/application/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation


You can start the MySQL daemon with:

cd /application/mysql ; /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &


You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl

cd /application/mysql/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl


[root@backup scripts]# echo $?

0

9、配置环境变量:

[root@backup scripts]# cd /application/

[root@backup application]# echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH' >>/etc/profile

[root@backup application]# tail -1 /etc/profile

export PATH=/application/mysql/bin/:$PATH

[root@backup application]# source /etc/profile

[root@backup application]# which mysqldump

/application/mysql/bin/mysqldump

10、启动mysql:

[root@backup application]# cp -a mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@backup application]# cd /etc/init.d/ &&

[root@backup init.d]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@backup init.d]# cd -

[root@backup application]# chmod u+x /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@backup application]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS!

[root@backup application]# netstat -tunlp | grep "3306"

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29800/mysqld

[root@backup init.d]# chkconfig --list mysqld

mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭

10、配置mysql密码:

默认的情况下,mysql安装完成后是没有密码就可以登录的:

[root@backup application]# mysqladmin -u root password '123456'

[root@backup application]# mysql -uroot -p123456

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.32 Source distribution

mysql>

11、优化mysql:

(1)优化mysql的权限表:

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+------+-----------+

| user | host |

+------+-----------+

| root | 127.0.0.1 |

| root | ::1 |

| | backup |

| root | backup |

| | localhost |

| root | localhost |

+------+-----------+

mysql>delete from mysql.user where user='';

mysql>delete from mysql.user where host='::1';

mysql>delete from mysql.user where host='backup';

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+------+-----------+

| user | host |

+------+-----------+

| root | 127.0.0.1 |

| root | localhost |

+------+-----------+

授权其它的管理员:

把root管理员干掉,添加新的管理员,可以不使用;

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to system@'localhost' identified by '123456' with grant option;

(2)删除多余的数据库:

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

mysql> drop database test;

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

+--------------------+

2.6、总结:

1、安装总结:

mysql编译安装后生成的就是二进制mysql文件包,然后进行mysql初始化的安装操作;

网上下载的mysql二进制软件包就是mysql二进制包编译后得到的,只不过自己编译生

成的二进制包可以自己配置相关的设置,然后对mysql进行初始化的操作;

mysql的编译安装和二进制安装,后期对mysql进行初始化操作时的方法都是一样的,设置mysql软件

包的属主和属组、复制配置文件、进行初始化、配置环境变量、启动mysql、设置mysql的登录密码;

2、登录mysql故障解决办法:

pkill mysql

rm -rf /application/mysql/data/*

/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql

直到看到下面两行中的OK时就可以了:

Installing MySQL system tables...

OK

Filling help tables...

OK

3、mysql编译错误:

(1)ncurses-devel库没有安装:

(2)编译中没有开启ssl参数的配置:

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