基于API 23
SurfaceFlinger，合成抛射机，它在Android系统是一个独立的服务进程
它的作用是接受多个来源的图形显示数据，将他们合成，然后发送到显示设备。
它的工作内容主要包括合成的创建和管理、Vsync信号的处理
本文分析SurfaceFlinger的启动流程，和Vsync信号的处理流程
SurfaceFlinger的Vsync信号处理流程
启动流程
SurfaceFlinger 进程是由 init 进程创建的，运行在独立的 SurfaceFlinger 进程中。init 进程读取 init.rc 文件启动 SurfaceFlinger。首先来看main方法
main方法
- 设定线程池上线4，并启动binder线程池
- 创建SF对象
- 初始化SF
- 执行SF的run方法
int main(int, char**) {
//设定surfaceflinger进程的binder线程池个数上限为4，并启动binder线程池
ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(4);
sp ps(ProcessState::self());
ps->startThreadPool();
//实例化surfaceflinger
sp flinger = new SurfaceFlinger();
setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY);
set_sched_policy(0, SP_FOREGROUND);
//初始化
flinger->init();
//将服务注册到Service Manager
sp sm(defaultServiceManager());
sm->addService(String16(SurfaceFlinger::getServiceName()), flinger, false);
// 运行在当前线程
flinger->run();
return 0;
}
构造方法
继承BnSurfaceCompose
构造过程仅仅初始化了SurfaceFlinger的成员变量，同时调用了父类BnSurfaceComposer的构造函数。最后执行onFirstRef 走init方法来作一些初始化工作
SurfaceFlinger::SurfaceFlinger()
: BnSurfaceComposer(),
mTransactionFlags(0),
mTransactionPending(false),
mAnimTransactionPending(false),
mLayersRemoved(false),
mRepaintEverything(0),
mRenderEngine(NULL),
mBootTime(systemTime()),
mVisibleRegionsDirty(false),
mHwWorkListDirty(false),
mAnimCompositionPending(false),
mDebugRegion(0),
mDebugDDMS(0),
mDebugDisableHWC(0),
mDebugDisableTransformHint(0),
mDebugInSwapBuffers(0),
mLastSwapBufferTime(0),
mDebugInTransaction(0),
mLastTransactionTime(0),
mBootFinished(false),
mForceFullDamage(false),
mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled(false),
mHWVsyncAvailable(false),
mDaltonize(false),
mHasColorMatrix(false),
mHasPoweredOff(false),
mFrameBuckets(),
mTotalTime(0),
mLastSwapTime(0)
{
ALOGI("SurfaceFlinger is starting");
char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
property_get("ro.bq.gpu_to_cpu_unsupported", value, "0");
mGpuToCpuSupported = !atoi(value);
property_get("debug.sf.showupdates", value, "0");
mDebugRegion = atoi(value);
property_get("debug.sf.ddms", value, "0");
mDebugDDMS = atoi(value);
}
SF.onFirstRef
由于SurfaceFlinger继承于RefBase类，同时实现了RefBase的onFirstRef()方法，因此在第一次引用SurfaceFlinger对象时，onFirstRef()函数自动被调用。初始化MessageQueue
void SurfaceFlinger::onFirstRef()
{
mEventQueue.init(this);
}
MessageQueue
messageQueue对象的创建
void MessageQueue::init(const sp& flinger)
{
mFlinger = flinger;
mLooper = new Looper(true);
mHandler = new Handler(*this);
}
class MessageQueue {
class Handler : public MessageHandler {
enum {
eventMaskInvalidate = 0x1,
eventMaskRefresh = 0x2,
eventMaskTransaction = 0x4
};
MessageQueue& mQueue;
int32_t mEventMask;
public:
Handler(MessageQueue& queue) : mQueue(queue), mEventMask(0) { }
virtual void handleMessage(const Message& message);
void dispatchRefresh();
void dispatchInvalidate();
void dispatchTransaction();
};
...
}
SurfaceFlinger.init
- 初始化 EGL
- 创建 HWComposer
- 初始化非虚拟显示屏
- 启动 EventThread 线程
- 启动开机动画
void SurfaceFlinger::init() {
Mutex::Autolock _l(mStateLock);
//初始化EGL，作为默认的显示
mEGLDisplay = eglGetDisplay(EGL_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
eglInitialize(mEGLDisplay, NULL, NULL);
// 初始化硬件composer对象
mHwc = new HWComposer(this, *static_cast(this));
//获取RenderEngine引擎
mRenderEngine = RenderEngine::create(mEGLDisplay, mHwc->getVisualID());
//创建的EGL上下文
mEGLContext = mRenderEngine->getEGLContext();
//初始化非虚拟显示屏
for (size_t i=0 ; iisConnected(i) || type==DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY) {
bool isSecure = true;
createBuiltinDisplayLocked(type);
wp token = mBuiltinDisplays[i];
sp producer;
sp consumer;
//创建BufferQueue的生产者和消费者
BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer,
new GraphicBufferAlloc());
sp fbs = new FramebufferSurface(*mHwc, i, consumer);
int32_t hwcId = allocateHwcDisplayId(type);
//创建显示设备
sp hw = new DisplayDevice(this,
type, hwcId, mHwc->getFormat(hwcId), isSecure, token,
fbs, producer,
mRenderEngine->getEGLConfig());
if (i > DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY) {
hw->setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
}
mDisplays.add(token, hw);
}
}
getDefaultDisplayDevice()->makeCurrent(mEGLDisplay, mEGLContext);
//当应用和sf的vsync偏移量一致时，则只创建一个EventThread线程
if (vsyncPhaseOffsetNs != sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs) {
sp vsyncSrc = new DispSyncSource(&mPrimaryDispSync,
vsyncPhaseOffsetNs, true, "app");
mEventThread = new EventThread(vsyncSrc);
sp sfVsyncSrc = new DispSyncSource(&mPrimaryDispSync,
sfVsyncPhaseOffsetNs, true, "sf");
mSFEventThread = new EventThread(sfVsyncSrc);
mEventQueue.setEventThread(mSFEventThread);
} else {
//创建DispSyncSource对象
sp vsyncSrc = new DispSyncSource(&mPrimaryDispSync,
vsyncPhaseOffsetNs, true, "sf-app");
//创建线程EventThread
mEventThread = new EventThread(vsyncSrc);
//设置EventThread
mEventQueue.setEventThread(mEventThread);
}
// 创建EventControl
mEventControlThread = new EventControlThread(this);
mEventControlThread->run("EventControl", PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY);
//当不存在HWComposer时，则设置软件vsync
if (mHwc->initCheck() != NO_ERROR) {
mPrimaryDispSync.setPeriod(16666667);
}
//初始化绘图状态
mDrawingState = mCurrentState;
//初始化显示设备
initializeDisplays();
//启动开机动画
startBootAnim();
}
HWComposer构建
HWComposer代表着硬件显示设备，注册了VSYNC信号的回调。VSYNC信号本身是由显示驱动产生的， 在不支持硬件的VSYNC，则会创建“VSyncThread”线程来模拟定时VSYNC信号
HWComposer::HWComposer(
const sp& flinger,
EventHandler& handler)
: mFlinger(flinger),
mFbDev(0), mHwc(0), mNumDisplays(1),
mCBContext(new cb_context),
mEventHandler(handler),
mDebugForceFakeVSync(false)
{
...
bool needVSyncThread = true;
int fberr = loadFbHalModule(); //加载framebuffer的HAL层模块
loadHwcModule(); //加载HWComposer模块
//标记已分配的display ID
for (size_t i=0 ; iregisterProcs) {
mCBContext->hwc = this;
mCBContext->procs.invalidate = &hook_invalidate;
//VSYNC信号的回调方法
mCBContext->procs.vsync = &hook_vsync;
if (hwcHasApiVersion(mHwc, HWC_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_1))
mCBContext->procs.hotplug = &hook_hotplug;
else
mCBContext->procs.hotplug = NULL;
memset(mCBContext->procs.zero, 0, sizeof(mCBContext->procs.zero));
//注册回调函数
mHwc->registerProcs(mHwc, &mCBContext->procs);
}
//进入此处，说明已成功打开硬件composer设备，则不再需要vsync线程
needVSyncThread = false;
eventControl(HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY, HWC_EVENT_VSYNC, 0);
...
}
...
if (needVSyncThread) {
//不支持硬件的VSYNC，则会创建线程来模拟定时VSYNC信号
mVSyncThread = new VSyncThread(*this);
}
}
初始化显示设备
创建IGraphicBufferProducer和IGraphicBufferConsumer，以及FramebufferSurface，DisplayDevice对象。另外， 显示设备有3类：主设备，扩展设备，虚拟设备。其中前两个都是内置显示设备，故NUM_BUILTIN_DISPLAY_TYPES=2，
void SurfaceFlinger::init() {
...
for (size_t i=0 ; iisConnected(i) || type==DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY) {
bool isSecure = true;
createBuiltinDisplayLocked(type);
wp token = mBuiltinDisplays[i];
sp producer;
sp consumer;
//创建BufferQueue的生产者和消费者
BufferQueue::createBufferQueue(&producer, &consumer,
new GraphicBufferAlloc());
sp fbs = new FramebufferSurface(*mHwc, i, consumer);
int32_t hwcId = allocateHwcDisplayId(type);
//创建显示设备
sp hw = new DisplayDevice(this,
type, hwcId, mHwc->getFormat(hwcId), isSecure, token,
fbs, producer,
mRenderEngine->getEGLConfig());
if (i > DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY) {
hw->setPowerMode(HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL);
}
mDisplays.add(token, hw);
}
}
...
}
EventThread构造方法
EventThread::EventThread(const sp& src)
: mVSyncSource(src),
mUseSoftwareVSync(false),
mVsyncEnabled(false),
mDebugVsyncEnabled(false),
mVsyncHintSent(false) {
for (int32_t i=0 ; i ET.threadLoop
bool EventThread::threadLoop() {
DisplayEventReceiver::Event event;
Vector< sp > signalConnections;
// 等待事件
signalConnections = waitForEvent(&event);
//分发事件给所有的监听者
const size_t count = signalConnections.size();
for (size_t i=0 ; i& conn(signalConnections[i]);
//传递事件【见小节3.10】
status_t err = conn->postEvent(event);
if (err == -EAGAIN || err == -EWOULDBLOCK) {
//可能此时connection已满，则直接抛弃事件
ALOGW("EventThread: dropping event (%08x) for connection %p",
event.header.type, conn.get());
} else if (err < 0) {
//发生致命错误，则清理该连接
removeDisplayEventConnection(signalConnections[i]);
}
}
return true;
}
ET.waitForEvent
EventThread线程，进入mCondition的wait()方法，等待唤醒
Vector< sp > EventThread::waitForEvent(
DisplayEventReceiver::Event* event)
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
Vector< sp > signalConnections;
do {
bool eventPending = false;
bool waitForVSync = false;
size_t vsyncCount = 0;
nsecs_t timestamp = 0;
for (int32_t i=0 ; i connection(mDisplayEventConnections[i].promote());
if (connection != NULL) {
bool added = false;
if (connection->count >= 0) {
//需要vsync事件，由于至少存在一个连接正在等待vsync
waitForVSync = true;
if (timestamp) {
if (connection->count == 0) {
connection->count = -1;
signalConnections.add(connection);
added = true;
} else if (connection->count == 1 ||
(vsyncCount % connection->count) == 0) {
signalConnections.add(connection);
added = true;
}
}
}
if (eventPending && !timestamp && !added) {
//没有vsync事件需要处理(timestamp==0),但存在pending消息
signalConnections.add(connection);
}
} else {
//该连接已死亡，则直接清理
mDisplayEventConnections.removeAt(i);
--i; --count;
}
}
if (timestamp && !waitForVSync) {
//接收到VSYNC，但没有client需要它，则直接关闭VSYNC
disableVSyncLocked();
} else if (!timestamp && waitForVSync) {
//至少存在一个client，则需要使能VSYNC
enableVSyncLocked();
}
if (!timestamp && !eventPending) {
if (waitForVSync) {
bool softwareSync = mUseSoftwareVSync;
nsecs_t timeout = softwareSync ? ms2ns(16) : ms2ns(1000);
if (mCondition.waitRelative(mLock, timeout) == TIMED_OUT) {
mVSyncEvent[0].header.type = DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_VSYNC;
mVSyncEvent[0].header.id = DisplayDevice::DISPLAY_PRIMARY;
mVSyncEvent[0].header.timestamp = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
mVSyncEvent[0].vsync.count++;
}
} else {
//不存在对vsync感兴趣的连接，即将要进入休眠
mCondition.wait(mLock);
}
}
} while (signalConnections.isEmpty());
//到此处，则保证存在timestamp以及连接
return signalConnections;
}
MQ.setEvenetThread
设置EventThread，并监听BitTube
创建一个BitTube对象mEventTube
创建一个EventConnection
void MessageQueue::setEventThread(const sp& eventThread)
{
mEventThread = eventThread;
//创建连接
mEvents = eventThread->createEventConnection();
//获取BitTube对象
mEventTube = mEvents->getDataChannel();
//监听BitTube，一旦有数据到来则调用cb_eventReceiver()
mLooper->addFd(mEventTube->getFd(), 0, Looper::EVENT_INPUT,
MessageQueue::cb_eventReceiver, this);
}
SF.run
主线程进入waitMessage状态
void SurfaceFlinger::run() {
do {
//不断循环地等待事件
waitForEvent();
} while (true);
}
void SurfaceFlinger::waitForEvent() {
mEventQueue.waitMessage();
}
void MessageQueue::waitMessage() {
do {
IPCThreadState::self()->flushCommands();
int32_t ret = mLooper->pollOnce(-1);
...
} while (true);
}
Vsync信号处理
HWComposer对象创建过程，会注册一些回调方法，当硬件产生VSYNC信号时，则会回调hook_vsync()方法。
HWComposer.hook_vsync
hook 监听Vysnc
void HWComposer::hook_vsync(const struct hwc_procs* procs, int disp,
int64_t timestamp) {
cb_context* ctx = reinterpret_cast(
const_cast(procs));
ctx->hwc->vsync(disp, timestamp); 】
}
HWComposer.vsync
Vsync信号回调，执行SF的onVSyncReceived方法
void HWComposer::vsync(int disp, int64_t timestamp) {
if (uint32_t(disp) < HWC_NUM_PHYSICAL_DISPLAY_TYPES) {
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
if (timestamp == mLastHwVSync[disp]) {
return; //忽略重复的VSYNC信号
}
mLastHwVSync[disp] = timestamp;
}
//
mEventHandler.onVSyncReceived(disp, timestamp);
}
}
SF.onVSyncReceived
void SurfaceFlinger::onVSyncReceived(int type, nsecs_t timestamp) {
bool needsHwVsync = false;
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(mHWVsyncLock);
if (type == 0 && mPrimaryHWVsyncEnabled) {
// 此处mPrimaryDispSync为DispSync类 kai是分析DispSync
needsHwVsync = mPrimaryDispSync.addResyncSample(timestamp);
}
}
if (needsHwVsync) {
enableHardwareVsync();
} else {
disableHardwareVsync(false);
}
}
DispSync构建
DispSync::DispSync() :
mRefreshSkipCount(0),
mThread(new DispSyncThread()) {
// 运行在DispSync线程
mThread->run("DispSync", PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY + PRIORITY_MORE_FAVORABLE);
reset();
beginResync();
...
}
DispSyncThread线程
线程”DispSync”停留在mCond的wait()过程，等待被唤醒
当收集到Vsync信号后开始回调onDispSyncEvent方法
virtual bool threadLoop() {
status_t err;
nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
nsecs_t nextEventTime = 0;
while (true) {
Vector callbackInvocations;
nsecs_t targetTime = 0;
{ // Scope for lock
Mutex::Autolock lock(mMutex);
if (mStop) {
return false;
}
if (mPeriod == 0) {
err = mCond.wait(mMutex);
continue;
}
nextEventTime = computeNextEventTimeLocked(now);
targetTime = nextEventTime;
bool isWakeup = false;
if (now < targetTime) {
err = mCond.waitRelative(mMutex, targetTime - now);
if (err == TIMED_OUT) {
isWakeup = true;
} else if (err != NO_ERROR) {
return false;
}
}
now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
if (isWakeup) {
mWakeupLatency = ((mWakeupLatency * 63) +
(now - targetTime)) / 64;
if (mWakeupLatency > 500000) {
mWakeupLatency = 500000;
}
}
//收集vsync信号的所有回调方法
callbackInvocations = gatherCallbackInvocationsLocked(now);
}
if (callbackInvocations.size() > 0) {
//回调所有对象的onDispSyncEvent方法
fireCallbackInvocations(callbackInvocations);
}
}
return false;
}
void fireCallbackInvocations(const Vector& callbacks) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < callbacks.size(); i++) {
//执行DSP 的接受方法
callbacks[i].mCallback->onDispSyncEvent(callbacks[i].mEventTime);
}
}
DispSyncSource.onDispSyncEvent
virtual void onDispSyncEvent(nsecs_t when) {
sp callback;
{
Mutex::Autolock lock(mCallbackMutex);
callback = mCallback;
}
if (callback != NULL) {
// 执行 EventThread接受Vsync方法
callback->onVSyncEvent(when);
}
}
EventThread.onVsyncEvent
void EventThread::onVSyncEvent(nsecs_t timestamp) {
Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
mVSyncEvent[0].header.type = DisplayEventReceiver::DISPLAY_EVENT_VSYNC;
mVSyncEvent[0].header.id = 0;
mVSyncEvent[0].header.timestamp = timestamp;
mVSyncEvent[0].vsync.count++;
mCondition.broadcast(); //唤醒EventThread线程
}
EventThread.postEvent
status_t EventThread::Connection::postEvent(
const DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event) {
ssize_t size = DisplayEventReceiver::sendEvents(mChannel, &event, 1);
return size < 0 ? status_t(size) : status_t(NO_ERROR);
}
DisplayEventReceiver.sendEvents
MQ.setEvenetThread监听BitTube，此处调用BitTube来sendObjects。一旦收到数据，则调用MQ.cb_eventReceiver()方法
ssize_t DisplayEventReceiver::sendEvents(const sp& dataChannel,
Event const* events, size_t count)
{
return BitTube::sendObjects(dataChannel, events, count);
}
MQ.cb_eventReceiver
int MessageQueue::cb_eventReceiver(int fd, int events, void* data) {
MessageQueue* queue = reinterpret_cast(data);
return queue->eventReceiver(fd, events);
}
MQ.eventReceiver
接受事件，分发dispatchInvalidate、dispatchRefresh
消息接收，执行SF的onMessageReceived
int MessageQueue::eventReceiver(int /*fd*/, int /*events*/) {
ssize_t n;
DisplayEventReceiver::Event buffer[8];
while ((n = DisplayEventReceiver::getEvents(mEventTube, buffer, 8)) > 0) {
for (int i=0 ; idispatchInvalidate();
#else
mHandler->dispatchRefresh();
#endif
break;
}
}
}
return 1;
}
// 发送refresh
void MessageQueue::Handler::dispatchRefresh() {
if ((android_atomic_or(eventMaskRefresh, &mEventMask) & eventMaskRefresh) == 0) {
//发送消息，则进入handleMessage过程【
mQueue.mLooper->sendMessage(this, Message(MessageQueue::REFRESH));
}
}
// MQ的消息接受处理
void MessageQueue::Handler::handleMessage(const Message& message) {
switch (message.what) {
case INVALIDATE:
android_atomic_and(~eventMaskInvalidate, &mEventMask);
mQueue.mFlinger->onMessageReceived(message.what);
break;
case REFRESH:
android_atomic_and(~eventMaskRefresh, &mEventMask);
mQueue.mFlinger->onMessageReceived(message.what);
break;
case TRANSACTION:
android_atomic_and(~eventMaskTransaction, &mEventMask);
mQueue.mFlinger->onMessageReceived(message.what);
break;
}
}
SF.onMessageReceived
void SurfaceFlinger::onMessageReceived(int32_t what) {
ATRACE_CALL();
switch (what) {
case MessageQueue::TRANSACTION: {
handleMessageTransaction();
break;
}
case MessageQueue::INVALIDATE: {
bool refreshNeeded = handleMessageTransaction();
refreshNeeded |= handleMessageInvalidate();
refreshNeeded |= mRepaintEverything;
if (refreshNeeded) {
signalRefresh();
}
break;
}
case MessageQueue::REFRESH: {
handleMessageRefresh(); // 执行refresh流程
break;
}
}
}
SF.handleMessageRefresh
void SurfaceFlinger::handleMessageRefresh() {
ATRACE_CALL();
// 处理显示设备与 layers 的改变
preComposition();
// 重建所有layer，根据z轴排序
rebuildLayerStacks();
// 更新 HWComposer涂层
setUpHWComposer();
doDebugFlashRegions();
// 生成OpenGL 纹理图像
doComposition();
// 将图像传递到物理屏幕
postComposition();
}
推荐阅读：图形系统总结
参考：
一篇文章看明白 Android 图形系统 Surface 与 SurfaceFlinger 之间的关系
SurfaceFlinger启动篇