创建对象之build模式

问题: 对于多个构造器参数问题,部分field是必须的,部分field是可选的,如何构造类?

1. 重叠构造器

提供一个参数为必须field的构造器, 然后提供一系列可选参数逐渐递增的构造器

缺点: 构造器参数很多的时候,会失去控制

2. JavaBeans模式

不提供有参数的构造器,对于field,只通过setter()设置。

缺点: 对象状态是可变的,可以随时通过setter()改变对象field的状态,不可控

3. Build模式

示例:

public class Blog {
    private final String title;
    private final String abstract;
    private final String content;
    private final String optional1;
    private final String optional2;

    private Blog (Build build) {
        title = build.title;
        abstract = build.abstract;
        content = build.content;
        optional1 = build.optional1;
        optional2 = build.optional2;
    }

    public static class Builder {
        private final String title;
        private final String abstract;
        private final String content;
        private final String optional1;
        private final String optional2;
        
        public Builder(String title, String abstract, String content) {
            this.title = title;
            this.abstract = abstract;
            this.content = content;
        }

        public Builder optional1 (String optional1) {
            this.optional1 = optional1;
        }
        public Builder optional2 (String optional2) {
            this.optional2 = optional2;
        }
        public Blog build() {
                return new Blog(this);
        }
    }
}


class Client {
        public static void main (String[] args) {
                Blog blog = newBlog.Builder("title", "abstract", "content").optional1("optional1").optional2("optional2").build();
        }
}

优点:清晰易懂,对象构造出来后,状态不可变,易控制。

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