Service

1.定义

无界面的控件,用来在后台处理耗时的操作,或者执行某些长期运行的任务。

2.使用

启动:

Intent startIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);  
startService(startIntent); 

停止:

Intent stopIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);  
stopService(stopIntent);  

3.生命周期

  • onCreate
    特点:只在创建的时候执行一次
  • onStartCommand
  • onDestroy
    特点:销毁的时候执行一次

4.与Activity之间的通信

采用startService()来启动服务,服务开启后,与开启它的组件是没有什么关联的。
复写onBind()方法完成组件的交互

  public class MyService extends Service {
        private MyBinder mBinder = new MyBinder();

        @Override
        public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
            return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
        }

        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
            return mBinder;
        }

        class MyBinder extends Binder {

            public void startDownload() {
                // 执行具体的下载任务  
            }
        }
    }
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    private MyService.MyBinder myBinder;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            myBinder = (MyService.MyBinder) service;
            myBinder.startDownload();
        }
    };

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.bind_service:
                Intent bindIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
                //这里传入BIND_AUTO_CREATE表示在Activity和Service建立关联后自动创建Service,这会使得MyService中的onCreate()方法得到执行,但onStartCommand()方法不会执行
                bindService(bindIntent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
                break;
            case R.id.unbind_service:
                unbindService(connection);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

}

注意:
1.任何一个Service在整个应用程序范围内都是通用的,即可以和应用内的任何一个Activity建立连接,而且在建立连接的时候可以拿到相同的MyBind实例
2.stopService只会让Service停止,unbindService按钮只会让Service和Activity解除关联,一个Service必须要在既没有和任何Activity关联又处理停止状态的时候才会被销毁
3.Service运行在主线程中

5.前台Service

背景:默认的Service的优先级较低,在系统内存不足时很容易被回收

  Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.ic_launcher,  
                "有通知到来", System.currentTimeMillis());  
        Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);  
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,  
                notificationIntent, 0);  
        notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, "这是通知的标题", "这是通知的内容",  
                pendingIntent);  
        startForeground(1, notification);  
        Log.d(TAG, "onCreate() executed");  

6.远程Service

背景:因为Service是运行在主线程的,所以执行耗时操作的时候会发生ANR异常。
解决方案:
1.在service中开一个子线程
2.将默认Service改为远程Service(远程Service在新的进程中,因此不会阻塞当前进程)
不建议使用,由于调用的Activity与Service不在一个进程中,所以在bindService会导致程序崩溃

      
      

3.使用AIDL建立远程Service与Activity的连接,实现多个应用程序共用一个Service
3.1 新建aidl文件


Service_第1张图片
aidl.png
package com.example.admin.testapplication;

interface ServiceAidl {
      int plus(int a, int b);
      String toUpperCase(String str);
}

3.2 Activity中使用

   public class MainActivity extends Activity {

        private ServiceAidl myAIDLService;

        private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {

            @Override
            public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            }

            @Override
            public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
                myAIDLService = ServiceAidl.Stub.asInterface(service);
                try {
                    int result = myAIDLService.plus(50, 50);
                    String upperStr = myAIDLService.toUpperCase("comes from ClientTest");
                    Log.d("TAG", "result is " + result);
                    Log.d("TAG", "upperStr is " + upperStr);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };

        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            Button bindService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_service);
            bindService.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.admin.testapplication.ServiceAidl");
                    bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
                }
            });
        }
    }

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