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翻译原文
在中国,还有另外一句流传甚广的话,叫做“无商不奸”,认为商人“唯利是图”,与君子重义轻利的追求背道而驰,所以在传统文化中经商是被人看不起的职业。
笔记精讲
在中国,还有另外一句流传甚广的话,叫做“无商不奸”,认为商人“唯利是图”,与君子重义轻利的追求背道而驰,所以在传统文化中经商是被人看不起的职业。
妙词佳句
流传甚广：widespread普遍的;广泛的；Something that is widespreadexists or happens over a large area, or to a great extent. ＊There is widespread support for the new proposals...新提议获得了广泛的支持。＊Food shortages are widespread.食物短缺的情况很普遍。
无商不奸：businessmen are invariably dishonest
Invariably：不变地;总是;始终如一地；If something invariably happens or is invariably true, it always happens or is always true. ＊They almost invariably get it wrong...他们几乎总是理解错。＊Their teamwork was invariably good...他们的团队协作总是很好。＊Invariably, he keeps the refrigerator well stocked.他总是把冰箱塞得满满的。
<链接>张培基英译中国现代散文选 《中年人的寂寞》
我每当听到一个旧友去世的消息，总要惆怅多时
The news of any old pal’s death will invariably make me sad in my heart for a long time.
<小朋说>好用又地道的副词
Typically 1. used to say that sth usually happens in the way that you are stating· 通常；一般＊The factory typically produces 500 chairs a week. 这家工厂通常每周生产 500 把椅子。 ＊A typically priced meal will be around $10. 一餐通常的价格为 10 元左右。2. in the way that you expect sb / sth to behave 不出所料；果然： ＊Typically, she couldn't find her keys.
她果然又找不着自己的钥匙了。＊ He was typically modest about his achievements. 他一如既往，对自己的成就很谦虚。
Notably (敲黑板)替换especially特别;尤其；You use notably to specify an important or typical example of something that you are talking about. ＊The divorce would be granted when more
important problems, notably the fate of the children, had been decided...更为重要的问题，尤其是孩子的问题得到解决后，离婚会获批准。＊It was a question of making sure certain needs were addressed, notably in the pensions area.问题是确保满足某些需求，尤其是养老金这块儿。2[ADV 副词] (用于强调)显著地；You can use notably to emphasize a particular quality that someone or something has. ＊Old established friends are notably absent, so it's a good opportunity to make new contacts...老朋友们统统都没有来，因此这是个结交新朋友的好机会。＊A notably short, silver-haired man, he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。
Precisely1.正好，恰恰，确实地表示强调；You can use precisely to emphasize that a reason or fact is the only important one there is, or that it is obvious. ＊Children come to zoos precisely to see captive animals...孩子们到动物园就是为了看圈养的动物。＊That is precisely the result the system is designed to produce.那恰恰是设计该系统时所希望达到的结果。2. exactly· 准确地；恰好地：＊They look precisely the same to me. 依我看他们的长相一模一样。＊ That's precisely what I meant. 那恰恰是我的意思。＊ It's not clear precisely how the accident happened. 事故究竟是怎么发生的不是很清楚。＊ The meeting starts at 2 o'clock precisely. 会议在两点整开始。 Idiomsmore precisely used to show that you are giving more detailed and accurate information about sth you have just mentioned · 更确切地说；更严格地说：＊The problem is due to discipline, or, more precisely, the lack of discipline, in schools. 问题出在纪律上，或者更确切地说，是学校缺乏纪律。
Virtually 几乎;实际上;事实上;差不多；You can use virtually to indicate that something is so nearly true that for most purposes it can be regarded as true. ＊Virtually all cooking was done over coal-fired ranges...差不多所有的烹饪都是在燃煤灶上进行的。＊It would have been virtually impossible to research all the information.要对所有的信息进行分析研究几乎是不可能的。＊He virtually admitted he was guilty. 他实际上已承认自己有罪。＊ This year's results are virtually the same as last year's. 今年的结果几乎和去年的一样。
唯利是图:solely profit-driven
Driven1. (of a person 人)· determined to succeed, and working very hard to do so· 奋发努力的；发愤图强的 2. -driven (in compounds 构成复合词)· influenced or caused by a particular thing· 受…影响的；由…造成的：＊a market-driven economy 市场导向的经济 ＊a character-
driven movie 以人物为主的电影
<熟词僻义>Drive an organized effort by a group of people to achieve sth· (团体为达到某目的而进行的)有组织的努力，运动：＊I wish I knew what they were driving at. 我要是知道他们的用意就好了＊ a recruitment / export / economy drive 征兵 / 出口 / 经济运动 ＊ a drive for greater efficiency 为提高效率而进行的运动 【Idioms】what sb is 'driving at · the thing sb is trying to say· 某人的用意；某人话中的意思：
<链接>韩刚二三级笔译•笔记注解版-第14篇
农业的现代化在国家的整个现代化进程中,占有举足轻重的地位。“实现农业的现代化”,这是中国政府一直在坚持的农业发展方向。
As agriculture is essential to the overall modernization drive in China, the Chinese government has all along been committed to modernizing this fundamental sector
君子:true gentleman君子坦荡荡。 A gentleman is calm and poised.《新英汉大辞典》
重义轻利put justice before material gains
Justice公平；公正；正义；Justice is fairness in the way that people are treated.＊ He has a good overall sense of justice and fairness...他极富正义感和公平意识。＊He only wants freedom, justice and equality..他只要自由、公正和平等。＊There is no justice in this world这个世界毫无公平可言。
背道而驰:be poles apart Idiomsbe poles apart · to be widely separated; to have no interests that you share· 天南地北；南辕北辙；截然相反
所以：in this sense/consequently
在传统文化中：conventionally
Conventional行为、观念等传统的，符合习俗的；Someone who is conventional has behaviour or opinions that are ordinary and normal.＊//...a respectable married woman with conventional opinions.一位观念传统、受人尊敬的已婚女性
Conventionally ＊People still wore their hair short and dressed conventionally.人们还留着短发、穿着传统服饰。2.方法或产品通常的，传统的；A conventional method or product is one that is usually used or that has been in use for a long time.＊It is simpler and quicker to use than conventional methods.这比通常的做法更简单、更快捷。＊These discs hold more than 400 times as much information as a conventional computer floppy disk.这些光盘能容纳的信息量是普通计算机软盘的400多倍。Conventionally＊Organically grown produce does not differ greatly in appearance from conventionally grown crops.有机农产品在外观上和以传统方法种植的作物没有很大的区别。
参考译文
There is another widespread Chinese saying that goes, "businessmen are invariably dishonest. "Businessmen are traditionally viewed as being solely profit-driven. They are deemed to be poles apart from true gentlemen who put justice before material gains. Business in this sense, is a profession that is conventionally frowned upon.
翻译原文
下一步,我们将坚定不移地推进金融市场化改革,健全现代金融体系,加快发展多层次资本市场,稳步推进利率市场化、汇率市场化的改革。
笔记再现
下一步,我们将坚定不移地推进金融市场化改革,健全现代金融体系,加快发展多层次资本市场,稳步推进利率市场化、汇率市场化的改革。
语法结构
本段中“坚定不移地推进”直译为“ steadfastly”,但是这样感觉过于机械生硬,其实意思就是“继续推进”,借用英文的“ remain committed to”即可轻松解决问题。“稳步推进”也是为了构成中文的四字句而添加的副词,没有必要译出“ steadily,“推进利率和汇率市场化”属于相对固定的表达,采用“ make sth.+形容词或者比较级”的形式即可。
妙词佳句
下一步：Going forward
<链接>韩刚二三级笔译•笔记注解版-第8篇
原文：下一步，我们还要立足中国的基本国情，处理好市场与效率，分配和发展的关系，既要抓科学发展，把蛋糕做大，也要抓收入分配，把我们的蛋糕分得更好。
译文：Going forward，we need to take China’s realities into consideration. That will mean striking a balance between market and efficiency，and between distribution and development. China will boost its economy so that there is more to share. China will also improve income distribution so that the increased benefits are shared as widely as possible.
坚定不移地：remain committed to
【常用词组辨析】
•Unrelenting/Relentless：(基本是同义词）
Unrelenting (formal)1. (of an unpleasant situation 令人不快的局面)· not stopping or becoming less severe· 持续的；不缓和的；势头不减的 SYN ：Relentles＊unrelenting pressure 持续不断的压力 ＊The heat was unrelenting. 炎热没有减弱的迹象。 2. if a person is unrelenting, they continue with sth without considering the feelings of other people· 不留情的 SYN ：Relentless＊He was unrelenting in his search for the truth about his father. 他不顾一切地搜集有关他父亲的事实真相。
Relentless1. not stopping or getting less strong· 不停的；持续强烈的；不减弱的 SYN unrelenting ：＊her relentless pursuit of perfection 她对完美的不懈追求 ＊The sun was relentless. 太阳还是那么热。 2. refusing to give up or be less strict or severe· 不放弃的；严格的；苛刻的；无情的：＊a relentless enemy 残酷的敌人
【小朋说】relentless 和unrelenting都带有贬义色彩，尤其是作“不屈不挠”的意思时多表示手段残忍、让人不快。
Indomitable 不屈不挠的not willing to accept defeat, even in a difficult situation; very brave and determined＊//...the indomitable spirit of the Polish people.波兰人民不屈不挠的精神＊//...a woman of indomitable will...有着不屈意志的女人＊He was utterly indomitable.他毫不气馁。
Persistent 1.执著的；不屈不挠的；锲而不舍的；Someone who is persistent continues trying to do something, even though it is difficult or other people are against it. ＊//...a persistent critic of the government's transport policies...对政府交通政策一直持批评态度的人＊He phoned again this morning. He's very persistent.今天早晨他又打来了电话。他非常执著。2. continuing for a long period of time without interruption, or repeated frequently, especially in a way that is annoying and cannot be stopped· 连绵的；持续的；反复出现的 SYN unrelenting relentless＊persistent rain 阴雨连绵 ＊a persistent cough 持续不断的咳嗽
Unswervingly 坚定不移地 坚持不懈地
Unswerving：adj. (formal)· strong and not changing or becoming weaker 坚定的；不懈的；始终如一的：＊unswerving loyalty / support, etc. 始终如一的忠诚、支持等
Insuperable adj. (formal)(of difficulties, problems, etc. 困难、问题等)· that cannot be dealt with successfully· 无法克服的；不可逾越的
Invincible adj. · too strong to be defeated or changed· 不可战胜的；不能改变的 SYN unconquerable ：＊an invincible belief in his own ability 对他自己的能力坚定不移的信念
【真题再现】<2015华中师范大学MTI英语翻译基础>
原文：水因为不争，不为利欲所驱动，所以能无往不胜 <叶朗 朱良志《中华文化读本》>
译文：Water is invincible because it desires for nothing and contends for nothing.
Unwittingly 不知不自觉adj. [only before noun] not aware of what you are doing or of the situation you are involved in不知情的；糊里糊涂的；无意的：＊He became an unwitting accomplice in the crime. 他糊里糊涂地成了犯罪的帮凶。＊She was the unwitting cause of the argument. 她无意中引起了这场争执。
【真题再现】张培基《英译现代散文选》《中年人的寂寞》
原文： 逢到和旧友谈话，就不知不觉的把话题转移到旧事上来，这是我的习惯
参考译文：When chatting away with my old friends , I am in the habit of unwittingly channel the topic of conversation to the former days.
为了方便大家明确这几个GRE词汇的用法，小朋做了思维导图如下：
金融市场化改革:market-based/ market-driven/market-oriented financial reform
健全:refine/modernize/improve
Refine改进，改善，改良过程、理论或机器；If something such as a process, theory, or machine is refined, it is improved by having small changes made to it. ＊Surgical techniques are constantly being refined.外科手术的技术不断得到完善。
多层次的:multi-tiered
利率市场化、汇率市场化：making interest and exchange rates more market-based
参考译文
Going forward. we will remain committed to market-based/ market-driven/market-oriented financial reform. We will work to refine/modernize/improve modern financial system, accelerate the development of a multi-tiered capital market, and advance the reform of making interest and exchange rates more market-based
