本文实验环境：Oracle 11.2.0.4，利用数据库自带的scott示例用户进行试验测试。
1.首先需要创建Directory
2.使用expdp导出用户数据
- 2.1 只导出scott用户的元数据，且不包含统计信息；
- 2.2 只导出scott用户的数据；
- 2.3 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表及数据；
- 2.4 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表结构；
- 2.5 导出scott用户下所有的内容；
- 2.6 并行导出scott用户下所有的内容；
3.查询当前用户用到的表空间
特别注意：如果后续要导入的数据库版本低，所有导出命令就需要在后面加一个version=指定版本。
例如11g -> 10g，假设10g具体版本为10.2.0.1，那么就加一个版本的参数version=10.2.0.1。
1. 首先需要创建Directory
这里目录名字定义为"jy"，
若是windows平台，对应系统目录为"E:\jingyu";
create or replace directory jy as 'E:\jingyu';
若是Unix/Linux平台，对应系统目录为"/tmp/jingyu".
create or replace directory jy as '/tmp/jingyu';
注意：目录在系统上需要真实存在（mkdir -p /tmp/jingyu），且有访问的权限。
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 4.0K May 22 16:48 jingyu
2. 使用expdp导出用户数据
2.1 只导出scott用户的元数据，且不包含统计信息；
expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log
$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 16:57:59 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott content=metadata_only exclude=statistics dumpfile=scott_meta.dmp logfile=scott_meta.log
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/jingyu/scott_meta.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 16:58:13 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:11
2.2 只导出scott用户的数据；
expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log
$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 16:58:47 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott content=data_only dumpfile=scott_data.dmp logfile=scott_data.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.484 KB 12 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/jingyu/scott_data.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 16:58:57 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:07
2.3 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表及数据；
这里如果用scott用户导出，需要注意scott用户对于directory的权限问题：需要dba用户赋予scott用户read,write目录的权限。
即：grant read, write on directory jy to scott;
SQL> grant read, write on directory jy to scott;
Grant succeeded.
expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log
$ expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 17:13:55 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=jy tables=emp,dept dumpfile=scott_emp_dept.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 128 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.484 KB 12 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/tmp/jingyu/scott_emp_dept.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 17:14:04 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:06
2.4 只导出scott用户下的emp，dept表结构；
expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept content=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log
$ expdp scott directory=jy tables=emp,dept content=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 17:14:51 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=jy tables=emp,dept content=metadata_only dumpfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp logfile=scott_emp_dept_meta.log
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/tmp/jingyu/scott_emp_dept_meta.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 17:15:01 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:07
2.5 导出scott用户下所有的内容；
expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log
$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 17:15:52 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all.dmp logfile=scott_all.log
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.484 KB 12 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/jingyu/scott_all.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 17:16:06 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:11
2.6 并行导出scott用户下所有的内容；
expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2
$ expdp system directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2
Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri May 22 16:55:13 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=jy schemas=scott dumpfile=scott_all%U.dmp logfile=scott_all.log parallel=2
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.929 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.484 KB 12 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE" 5.859 KB 5 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/tmp/jingyu/scott_all01.dmp
/tmp/jingyu/scott_all02.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Fri May 22 16:56:12 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:54
3. 查询当前用户用到的表空间
select tablespace_name from user_tables union
select tablespace_name from user_tab_partitions union
select tablespace_name from user_indexes union
select tablespace_name from user_ind_partitions;