大漠拆句-10

大漠拆句：
继大漠点词之后又一个新的尝试，精选14-15年托福阅读真题中出现的句子简化题并进行拆解精析，最终的目标是希望能够帮助同学们掌握长难句的读法，在有词汇量的基础上快速把握句子主干。最终轻松搞定句子简化题，但更重要的是掌握一般性的长难句的读法，为所有的阅读考试扫平障碍。目前正在积累备课中，未来一到两月备课成熟以后上线。

Origin of the Solar System（2015.04.12）

Nearly five billion years ago, some external influence, such as a shock wave traveling from a catastrophic explosion (supernova), may have triggered the collapse of this huge cloud of gases and minute grains of heavier elements, causing the cloud to begin to slowly contract due to the gravitational interactions among its particles.

主干：

some external influence may have triggered the collapse

非主干成分:

• 介词短语作时间状语

nearly five billion years ago

• such as 作为插入语

such as a shock wave traveling from a catastrophic explosion

• 非谓语动词短语作定语

... traveling from a catastrophic explosion

• -ing作结果状语

... causing the cloud begin to slowly contract

• of名词性短语

• the collapse of this huge cloud of gases
• minute grains of heavier elements

其他值得一提的知识点

trigger : 作名词有「板机」/「扣动扳机」的意思，但是在托福文章中出现的基本都是其动词意思：「引起」/「引发」。

翻译

在大约五十亿年前，诸如大保障产生的冲击波这样的外部因素可能引发了如此大规模的云层和小颗粒的坍塌，从而引起了云层在颗粒之间万有引力的相互作用下慢慢的收缩。

真题实战

A. Possibly due to some explosion about five billion years ago, this nebular cloud began to collapse, causing gravitational contractions as its particles interacted.
B. About five billion years ago, a supernova may have exploded, causing a huge cloud of gases and heavier elements to form.
C. Gravitational attraction among particles of gases and heavier elements caused some explosive event nearly five billion years ago.
D. About five billion years ago, a shock wave from an external event caused this huge cloud of gases to collapse into small grains of heavier elements.

答案：A
解释：关于简化题的做法日后专门说，这里只是简单提一下最核心的原则：主干对主干。D选项的主干为nebular cloud began to collapse ( due to some explosion about five years ago )，主干与基本原文一致;
B主干：a supernova may have exploded
C主干：gravitational attraction caused some explosive event
D主干：a shock wave caused this huge cloud of gases to collapse
需要特别注意，D选项的主干其实比A选项还要贴切，但是错在主干之外的内容： ... caused this huge cloud to collapse into small grains of heavier elements

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