setContentView这句话android同学们应该非常不陌生，因为他相当于学习java程序的hello world一样地位；
主要用来绑定xml界面；那么问题来了，他是怎么把界面绑定上的？怎么把界面渲染出来的？
带着这些问题我们来看看android中布局加载渲染过程。
其实Activity对界面布局的管理是都是通过Window对象来实现的，Window对象，顾名思义就是一个窗口对象，而Activity从用户角度就是一个个的窗口实例，因此不难想象每个Activity中都对应着一个Window对象，而这个Window对象就是负责加载显示界面的。至于window对象是如何展示不同的界面的，那是通过定义不同的View组件实现不同的界面展示。
启动activity是会调用ActivityThread的handleLauncherActivity方法：
private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
// If we are getting ready to gc after going to the background, well
// we are back active so skip it.
unscheduleGcIdler();
mSomeActivitiesChanged = true;
if (r.profilerInfo != null) {
mProfiler.setProfiler(r.profilerInfo);
mProfiler.startProfiling();
}
// Make sure we are running with the most recent config.
handleConfigurationChanged(null, null);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, "Handling launch of " + r);
// Initialize before creating the activity
WindowManagerGlobal.initialize();
Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);
if (a != null) {
r.createdConfig = new Configuration(mConfiguration);
Bundle oldState = r.state;
handleResumeActivity(r.token, false, r.isForward,
!r.activity.mFinished && !r.startsNotResumed);
if (!r.activity.mFinished && r.startsNotResumed) {
// The activity manager actually wants this one to start out
// paused, because it needs to be visible but isn't in the
// foreground. We accomplish this by going through the
// normal startup (because activities expect to go through
// onResume() the first time they run, before their window
// is displayed), and then pausing it. However, in this case
// we do -not- need to do the full pause cycle (of freezing
// and such) because the activity manager assumes it can just
// retain the current state it has.
try {
r.activity.mCalled = false;
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnPause(r.activity);
// We need to keep around the original state, in case
// we need to be created again. But we only do this
// for pre-Honeycomb apps, which always save their state
// when pausing, so we can not have them save their state
// when restarting from a paused state. For HC and later,
// we want to (and can) let the state be saved as the normal
// part of stopping the activity.
if (r.isPreHoneycomb()) {
r.state = oldState;
}
if (!r.activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onPause()");
}
} catch (SuperNotCalledException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(r.activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to pause activity "
+ r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
r.paused = true;
}
} else {
// If there was an error, for any reason, tell the activity
// manager to stop us.
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.finishActivity(r.token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null, false);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
// Ignore
}
}
}
可以发现这里的handleLauncherActivity方法内部调用了performLaunchActivity方法，这个方法也是具体启动Activity的方法：
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
...
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
...
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(TAG, "Performing launch of " + r);
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, r + ": app=" + app
+ ", appName=" + app.getPackageName()
+ ", pkg=" + r.packageInfo.getPackageName()
+ ", comp=" + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString()
+ ", dir=" + r.packageInfo.getAppDir());
if (activity != null) {
Context appContext = createBaseContextForActivity(r, activity);
CharSequence title = r.activityInfo.loadLabel(appContext.getPackageManager());
Configuration config = new Configuration(mCompatConfiguration);
if (DEBUG_CONFIGURATION) Slog.v(TAG, "Launching activity "
+ r.activityInfo.name + " with config " + config);
activity.attach(appContext, this, getInstrumentation(), r.token,
r.ident, app, r.intent, r.activityInfo, title, r.parent,
r.embeddedID, r.lastNonConfigurationInstances, config,
r.referrer, r.voiceInteractor);
...
return activity;
}
从代码中可以看到这里是通过反射的机制创建的Activity，并调用了Activity的attach方法，那么这里的attach方法是做什么的呢？
final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
Configuration config, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor) {
attachBaseContext(context);
mFragments.attachHost(null /*parent*/);
mWindow = new PhoneWindow(this);
mWindow.setCallback(this);
mWindow.setOnWindowDismissedCallback(this);
mWindow.getLayoutInflater().setPrivateFactory(this);
if (info.softInputMode != WindowManager.LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_STATE_UNSPECIFIED) {
mWindow.setSoftInputMode(info.softInputMode);
}
if (info.uiOptions != 0) {
mWindow.setUiOptions(info.uiOptions);
}
mUiThread = Thread.currentThread();
mMainThread = aThread;
mInstrumentation = instr;
mToken = token;
mIdent = ident;
mApplication = application;
mIntent = intent;
mReferrer = referrer;
mComponent = intent.getComponent();
mActivityInfo = info;
mTitle = title;
mParent = parent;
mEmbeddedID = id;
mLastNonConfigurationInstances = lastNonConfigurationInstances;
if (voiceInteractor != null) {
if (lastNonConfigurationInstances != null) {
mVoiceInteractor = lastNonConfigurationInstances.voiceInteractor;
} else {
mVoiceInteractor = new VoiceInteractor(voiceInteractor, this, this,
Looper.myLooper());
}
}
mWindow.setWindowManager(
(WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE),
mToken, mComponent.flattenToString(),
(info.flags & ActivityInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0);
if (mParent != null) {
mWindow.setContainer(mParent.getWindow());
}
mWindowManager = mWindow.getWindowManager();
mCurrentConfig = config;
}
可以看到在attach方法这里初始化了一些Activity的成员变量，主要是mWindow对象，并且mWindow的成员实例是PhoneWindow实例，这样也从侧面说明了一个Activity对应着一个Window对象。除了window对象还初始化了一些Activity的其他成员变量，这里不再做讨论，继续回到我们的performLaunchActivity方法，在调用了Activity的attach方法之后又调用了：
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
这里的mInstrumentation是类Instrumentation，每个应用进程对应着一个Instrumentation和一个ActivityThread，Instrumentation就是具体操作Activity回调其生命周期方法的，我们这里看一下它的callActivityOnCreate方法的实现：
public void callActivityOnCreate(Activity activity, Bundle icicle) {
prePerformCreate(activity);
activity.performCreate(icicle);
postPerformCreate(activity);
}
主要的执行逻辑是调用了activity.performCreate方法，我们来看一下Activity的performCreate方法的实现：
final void performCreate(Bundle icicle) {
onCreate(icicle);
mActivityTransitionState.readState(icicle);
performCreateCommon();
}
原来onCreate的生命周期方法是在这里回调的，其实这里的逻辑在前面几篇文章中有讲述，也可以参考前面的文章。
至此我们就回调到了我们Activity的onCreate方法，大家平时在重写onCreate方法的时候，怎么加载布局文件的呢？这里看一下我们的onCreate方法的典型写法：
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
无论我们怎么变化，我们的onCreate方法一般都是会调用这两句话的吧？那么这里的两段代码分辨是什么含义呢？我们首先看一下super.onCreate方法的实现逻辑，由于我们的Activity类继承与Activity，所以这里的super.onCreate方法，就是调用的Activity.onCreate方法，好吧，既然这样我们来看一下Activity的onCreate方法：
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (DEBUG_LIFECYCLE) Slog.v(TAG, "onCreate " + this + ": " + savedInstanceState);
if (mLastNonConfigurationInstances != null) {
mFragments.restoreLoaderNonConfig(mLastNonConfigurationInstances.loaders);
}
if (mActivityInfo.parentActivityName != null) {
if (mActionBar == null) {
mEnableDefaultActionBarUp = true;
} else {
mActionBar.setDefaultDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
}
}
if (savedInstanceState != null) {
Parcelable p = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(FRAGMENTS_TAG);
mFragments.restoreAllState(p, mLastNonConfigurationInstances != null
? mLastNonConfigurationInstances.fragments : null);
}
mFragments.dispatchCreate();
getApplication().dispatchActivityCreated(this, savedInstanceState);
if (mVoiceInteractor != null) {
mVoiceInteractor.attachActivity(this);
}
mCalled = true;
}
可以发现，Activity的onCreate方法主要是做了一些Acitivty的初始化操作，那么如果我们不在自己的Activity调用super.onCreate方法呢？好吧，尝试之后，AndroidStudio在打开的Acitivty的onCreate方法中如果不调用super.onCreate方法的话，会报错。。。有木有搞错。。。
android.util.SuperNotCalledException: Activity {com.example.aaron.helloworld/com.example.aaron.helloworld.SecondActivity} did not call through to super.onCreate()
可以看到如果不调用super.onCreate方法的话，会在Activity的performLaunchActivity中报错，我们知道这里的performLaunchActivity方法就是我们启动Activity的时候回回调的方法，我们找找方法体实现中throws的Exception:
activity.mCalled = false;
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
}
if (!activity.mCalled) {
throw new SuperNotCalledException(
"Activity " + r.intent.getComponent().toShortString() +
" did not call through to super.onCreate()");
}
在Activity的performLaunchActivity方法中，我们在调用了Activity的onCreate方法之后会执行一个判断逻辑，若Activity的mCalled为false，则会抛出我们刚刚捕获的异常，那么这个mCalled成员变量是在什么时候被赋值的呢？好吧，就是在Activity的onCreate方法赋值的，所以我们在实现自己的Activity的时候只有调用了super.onCreate方法才不会抛出这个异常，反过来说，我们实现自己的Actiivty，那么一定要在onCreate方法中调用super.onCreate方法。
然后我们在看一下onCreate中的setContentView方法，这里的参数就是一个Layout布局文件，可以发现这里的setContentView方法就是Acitivty中的setContentView，好吧我们来看一下Activity中setContentView的实现：
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
initWindowDecorActionBar();
}
这里的getWindow方法就是获取Acitivty的mWindow成员变量，从刚刚我们在Activity.attach方法我们知道这里的mWindow的实例是PhoneWindow，所以这里调用的其实是PhoneWindow的setConentView方法，然后我们看一下PhoneWindow的setContentView是如何实现的。
@Override
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
// decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
// before this happens.
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
getContext());
transitionTo(newScene);
} else {
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
}
mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
}
这里的mContentParent对象是一个View对象，由于第一次mContentParent为空，所以执行installerDector方法，这里我们看一下installerDector方法的具体实现：
private void installDecor() {
if (mDecor == null) {
mDecor = generateDecor();
mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
if (!mInvalidatePanelMenuPosted && mInvalidatePanelMenuFeatures != 0) {
mDecor.postOnAnimation(mInvalidatePanelMenuRunnable);
}
}
...
}
这里的mDector是一个DectorView对象，而DectorView继承与FrameLayout，所以这里的mDector其实就是一个FrameLayout对象，并通过调用generateDector()方法初始化，我们继续看一下generateDector方法的具体实现：
这里的mDector是一个DectorView对象，而DectorView继承与FrameLayout，所以这里的mDector其实就是一个FrameLayout对象，并通过调用generateDector()方法初始化，我们继续看一下generateDector方法的具体实现：
好吧，就是通过new的方式创建了一个DectorView对象，然后我们继续看installDector方法：
if (mContentParent == null) {
mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
这里初始化了mContentParent对象，这是一个View对象，我们调用了generateLayout方法，好吧，来看一下generateLayout方法的具体实现：
protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
...
// Inflate the window decor.
int layoutResource;
int features = getLocalFeatures();
// System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features));
if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_swipe_dismiss;
} else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) {
if (mIsFloating) {
TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
R.attr.dialogTitleIconsDecorLayout, res, true);
layoutResource = res.resourceId;
} else {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title_icons;
}
// XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
// System.out.println("Title Icons!");
} else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_PROGRESS) | (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS))) != 0
&& (features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) == 0) {
// Special case for a window with only a progress bar (and title).
// XXX Need to have a no-title version of embedded windows.
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_progress;
// System.out.println("Progress!");
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE)) != 0) {
// Special case for a window with a custom title.
// If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
if (mIsFloating) {
TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
R.attr.dialogCustomTitleDecorLayout, res, true);
layoutResource = res.resourceId;
} else {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_custom_title;
}
// XXX Remove this once action bar supports these features.
removeFeature(FEATURE_ACTION_BAR);
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) == 0) {
// If no other features and not embedded, only need a title.
// If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
if (mIsFloating) {
TypedValue res = new TypedValue();
getContext().getTheme().resolveAttribute(
R.attr.dialogTitleDecorLayout, res, true);
layoutResource = res.resourceId;
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_BAR)) != 0) {
layoutResource = a.getResourceId(
R.styleable.Window_windowActionBarFullscreenDecorLayout,
R.layout.screen_action_bar);
} else {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_title;
}
// System.out.println("Title!");
} else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_ACTION_MODE_OVERLAY)) != 0) {
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple_overlay_action_mode;
} else {
// Embedded, so no decoration is needed.
layoutResource = R.layout.screen_simple;
// System.out.println("Simple!");
}
mDecor.startChanging();
View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
mContentRoot = (ViewGroup) in;
ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
if (contentParent == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view");
}
if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS)) != 0) {
ProgressBar progress = getCircularProgressBar(false);
if (progress != null) {
progress.setIndeterminate(true);
}
}
if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_SWIPE_TO_DISMISS)) != 0) {
registerSwipeCallbacks();
}
// Remaining setup -- of background and title -- that only applies
// to top-level windows.
if (getContainer() == null) {
final Drawable background;
if (mBackgroundResource != 0) {
background = getContext().getDrawable(mBackgroundResource);
} else {
background = mBackgroundDrawable;
}
mDecor.setWindowBackground(background);
final Drawable frame;
if (mFrameResource != 0) {
frame = getContext().getDrawable(mFrameResource);
} else {
frame = null;
}
mDecor.setWindowFrame(frame);
mDecor.setElevation(mElevation);
mDecor.setClipToOutline(mClipToOutline);
if (mTitle != null) {
setTitle(mTitle);
}
if (mTitleColor == 0) {
mTitleColor = mTextColor;
}
setTitleColor(mTitleColor);
}
mDecor.finishChanging();
return contentParent;
}
可以发现这里就是通过调用LayoutInflater.inflate方法来加载布局文件到内存中，关于LayoutInflater.inflater是如何加载布局文件的，并且，通过对代码的分析，我们发现PhoneWindow中的几个成员变量：mDector，mContentRoot，mContentParent的关系
mDector –> mContentRoot –> mContentParent（包含）
并且我们来看一下典型的布局文件：
这里就是整个Activity加载的跟布局文件：screen_simple.xml，其中ViewStub对应着Activity中的titleBar而这里的FrameLayout里面主要用于填充内容。
然后我们具体看一下LayoutInflater.inflater方法：
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root) {
return inflate(resource, root, root != null);
}
调用了inflate的重载方法:
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");
final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
View result = root;
try {
// Look for the root node.
int type;
while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
// Empty
}
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
+ ": No start tag found!");
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("**************************");
System.out.println("Creating root view: "
+ name);
System.out.println("**************************");
}
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
throw new InflateException("通过分析源码，不难发现，主要是通过循环解析xml文件并将信息解析到内存View对象，布局文件中定义的一个个组件都被顺序的解析到了内存中并被父子View的形式组织起来，这样通过给定的一个root View就可以将整个布局文件中定义的组件全部解析。分析完解析布局文件，回到我们的setContentVIew方法，在调用了installDector方法之后，又调用了：
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
这个方法的含义就是将我们传递的客户端的layoutId对应的布局文件作为mContentParent的子View加载到内存中，这样我们的layoutId作为mContentParent的子View，而mContentParent又是mContentRoot的子View，mContentRoot又是mDector的子View，通过LayoutInflater的inflate方法逐步加载到了内存中，而我们的Activity又持有自身的PhoneWindow的引用，这就相当于我们的Activity持有了我们定义的布局文件的引用，因而Activity的布局文件被加载到了内存中。
总结
activity实际是通过Window对象管理渲染界面的；
每个activity对应一个PhoneWindow对象；
如果启动activity时候没有构建根视图则创建mDector，mContentRoot，mContentParent；
然后通过LayoutInflater.inflate将用户制定xml解析成内存对象然后添加到mContentParent中去，最后展示出来。